-
2015
年
9
月上海高级口译真题听力部分解析
I. Note-taking Gap filling
(NTGF)
< br>从听力的音带文字来看，这次考试的
NTGF
话题不难，
脉络清晰，但词汇难度较大，因
此做笔记应该按照“纲目条”的技巧来记录。文章一开始
就提出了主题，即对妇女而言，家
务活是一种被迫接受的工作
(
imposed occupation)
，
而社会对这份“工作”也有不同的两
种观点，
演讲者对两种观点分别做阐述，值得一提的是，这种“两分法”
(di
chotomy)
也是
NTGF
部分常
见思路，考生需要注意。
演讲者首先提出了做全职主妇的负面看法。
很多女性并不是心甘情愿的
(not
congenial)
做“家庭主妇”的，这是一份“奴仆的工作”
menial
labor,
但是妇女的工作非
常重要，因为对于任何社会来讲，男人承担了很多重要的工作，比如造船、伐木和军队，他
们在家需要妇女来提供服务，
否则社会无法正常运作，
但是这些工作没有酬劳、
没有晋升的
机会，一眼望得到
头
(dead-endjob, no chance of promotion,
no detailed nature)
，而
这些工作因为没
有“详细的工作描述”
(detailedjob description),
工作不需要与他人竞
争
,
妇女感觉自己的能力退化了，被社会边缘化了
,
人
生也就觉得没有成就感
(deteriorating,alienating, inadequate)
而因为我们的社会被分成了很多不同的单元
(Our
society is organized in
units)
，
因此，妇女感觉到了
“孤独”
(isolation),
而这
份孤独感对人有负面心理作用
(negative psychological
effects)
。
而对于这份工作的正面看法是，在西方社会，这份工作也并不
是那么单调沉闷
(full
of
drudgery)
、也并非让人感觉是“奴仆的工作”，难
度也不高，如果从
home-builder
这个
角度看，
这份工作也能有成就感。
全职主妇的工作没
有压力，
可以比较自由地安排工作时间，
而她们得工作为社会提
供实际效益
(tangible benefits),
因此
她们的工作让家庭成员和社
会受益匪浅。
II.
ListeningTranslation:
句子听译部分文字及参考翻译
1.
Americanswatch television almost every night and
attend movies regularly.
So naturallyTV
shows and latest movies become topics of g
magazines
such
as
Time
and
Newsweek
will
also
keep
you
up
to
date
on
what
is
popular
in
America.
美国人几乎每天晚上看电视，并且经常看电影。
因此，电视节目和最新的电影就成为
了热门话题。阅读包括《时代》和《新闻
周刊》在内的杂志也能更新美国最新时尚潮流。
are
the
similarities,
if
any,
between
great
sales
reps
and
great
leaders?
They both have
solid listening skills and a very positive
attitude. In addition,
they never give
up and get pass mistakes.
优秀销售和领导的共同之处是什么
?
他
们都具备良好的听力技能和积极的态度。此外，
他们从不放弃，从不放过错误。
3. In
the late 20th century, people who were concerned
with the protection of
our
environment
launched
a
new
form
of
traveling,
namely
the
ecology-based
tourism.
Eco-tourism is responsible travel in
natural and usually protected area.
在
20
世
纪末，
关心生
活环境的人们发起了一种新型的旅游形式，
也就是基于生态的旅游。
生态旅游
是指在自然以及通常被保护的区域进行负责任的旅游。
4. The
universe has no limits. So far, we have probed
only a fraction of it.
Yet to travel to
the frontiers of that fraction, even at 186300
miles per second,
which is the speed of
light, will take 6000 million years.
宇宙广无边际。
至今为止我们只探索
到了它很小的一部分。
然而要去到我们已探索到的
边缘，
即使以每秒
186300
英里的光速行驶，<
/p>
也需要
60
亿年的时间。
5.
At
this
remarkable
moment
in
history,
the
global
economy
is
giving
more
of
our
own
people
and
billions
around
the
world
the
chance
to
work
and
live
and
raise
their
families
with
dignity.
在这个特殊的历史时刻，
< br>全球经济正为越来越多的国民和几十亿世界人民提供机会，
让他们
能够有尊严地工作，生活，养家糊口。
Passage1
Inmany western
societies, including the United States, a person
who does
notmaintain good eye contact
is regarded as being slightly suspicious.
Americans
unconsciously associate
people who avoid eye contact as unfriendly,
insecure,untrustworthy,
inattentive
and
impersonal.
However,
In
contrast,
Japanese
children
are
taught
in
schools
to
direct
their
gaze
at
the
region
of
their
teachers
’
neck
or
tie-knot.
And
as
adults,
Japanese
lower
their
eyes
when
speaking
to
a
superior,
which is a gesture
of respect. Latin American cultures, as well as
some African
cultures,have
longer
looking
time.
But
prolonged
eye
contact
from
an
individual
of
lower status is considered
disrespectful.
在包括美国在内的很多西方国家，
避免与人直视会被认为有些可疑。
在潜意识中，
美国
人认为那些避免直视的人不友好、缺乏安
全感、不值得信赖、不专心及不近人情。
然而，
相比之下，
日本的孩子从小在学校接受的教育是要求他们将视线落在老师的颈
部或领结的位
置。
因此，当与上级交
流的时候，日本人会把目光降低一些，以示礼貌。在一些拉丁美洲
和非洲国家，
人们注视的时间会稍长些。
但，
社会底层人士如
果长时间的注视则被认为不敬。
Passage2
In
the
United
States
today,
many
college
graduates
claim
bankruptcy
sothat
they
can
avoid
repaying
money
they
borrowed
from
the
federal
government
to
finance
their
education.
In
fact,
more
than
300,000
student
borrowers
now
owe
the
government
over
500
million
dollars.
Statistics
show
that
students
are
not
good
risks,
whereas
the
student default rate now stands at over
12%. Banks report that student loan
deliquency seldom exceeds 3%.
Apparently the lack of money is not the only
reason
for nonpayment. A US government
department found that 300 of its employees, some
currently earning up to 63,000 dollars,
have defaulted on student loans.
如今在
美国，很多大学毕业生申请破产，这样他们就不再需要偿还联邦政府的助学贷款。实际上，
超过
30
万学生借款人现在欠美国政府超过
5
亿美元的贷款。数据显示，学生贷款人是很有
风险的，不偿还率现在已经超过
12%
。银行报告显示
，非学生贷款的的不偿还率是很少超过
3%
的。
很明显，
缺钱并不是不偿还贷款的唯一原因。一个美国政府部分发现，它有
300
名员
工依然拖欠学生贷款，而其中一
些人现在的收入已经超过
6
万美元。
2015
年
9
月上海高级口译真题阅读部分解析
第一篇：医疗检查
I spent the usual long
afternoon at work doing little but ordering tests,
far
more
than
I
honestly
thought
any
patient
needed,
but
that
’
s
what
we
do
these
days.
Guidelines
mandate
tests,
and
patients
expect
them;
abnormal
tests
mean
medication,
and medication
means more tests. My tally for the day: five
hours, 14 reasonably
healthy patients,
299 separate tests of body function or blood
composition, three
scans and a handful
of referrals to specialists for yet more tests.
本文作者是一
名医生，开篇即陈述了一个医疗行业的问题：医生开太多
检查了，而且是
Guideline(
医疗
指南
)
要求的，病人所期望的。
Teachers
complain that primary education threatens to
become a process of
teaching
to
the
test.
They
wince
as
the
content
of
standardized
tests
increasingly
drives their
lesson plans, and the results of these tests
define their
accomplishments. We share
their pain: Doctoring to the tests is every bit as
dispiriting.
本段讲述了老师们遇到的类似问题，
进行了一个类比：
在教育行业，
标准测试也变的越
来越重要。两种情况
都非常
dispiriting(
使人气馁
)
。
Some
medical
tests,
like
blood
pressure
checks,
are
cheap
and
simple.
Some
are
pricier and more complicated, like
mammograms or assays for various molecules in
the blood that correlate with various
diseases. We order them all at prescribed
intervals,
and
if
we
happen
to
forget
one,
either
by
accident
or
design,
electronic
medical records nag us mercilessly
until we capitulate. As in education, our
test-ordering behavior and our
patients
’
results
increasingly define our
achievements,
and in the near future our remuneration is likely
to follow. Still,
like all test-based
quality control
systems,
ours can be
gamed. Our tests
can also
inflict unnecessary psychic
damage, and occasional physical damage as well.
Most
distressing:
Ordering
tests,
chasing
down
and
interpreting
results,
and
dealing
with
the endless cycle of repeat testing to
confirm and clarify problems absorb pretty
much all our time.
本段进一步说明大量检查给医生带来压力：
< br>它作为评价医疗质量的标准，
今后还可能与
remune
ration(
薪酬
)
挂钩。不过检查
可能给患者带来损伤，同时也耗费很多时间。
It is all in the name of
good and equitable health care, a laudable goal.
But
if
you
reach
age
50
and
I
cannot
persuade
you
to
undergo
the
colonoscopy
or
mammogram
you
really don
’
t want, am I a
bad doctor? If you reach age 85 and I persuade you
to take enough medication to normalize
your blood pressure, am I a good one?
本段
讨论：究竟什么样的医生才是好医生呢
?
I
am
not
the
only
one
who
wonders.
A
cadre
of
test
skeptics
at
Dartmouth
Medical
School
specialize
in
critically
examining
our
test-based
approach
to
well
adult
care.
If you are confused
about mammography, colonoscopy or the PSA test for
prostate
cancer, these folks deserve
much of the blame: They have repeatedly
demonstrated
that
these
tests
and
many
others
do
not
necessarily
make
healthy
people
any
healthier,
any more than standardized testing in
grade school improves a
child
’
s intellect.
Dr. H. Gilbert Welch, a Vermont
physician who is part of the Dartmouth group, has
a new book that might serve as the test
skeptic
’
s manifesto and
bible. Its title,
“
Less
Medicine, More Health,
”
sums
up his trenchant, point-by-point critique of
test-based health care and quality
control.
有研究表明，
利用开检查的数量来进行医疗质控是行不通的，
算照指南做这些
检查并不
能使人们更加健康。
In medicine,
“
true quality is extremely
hard to measure,
”
Dr. Welch
writes.
“
What is easy to
measure is whether doctors do
things.
”
Only doing things
like
ordering tests generates data.
Deciding
not to
do things and let
well
enough alone
generates
nothing tangible, no numbers or dollar amounts to
measure or track over
time.
Dr.
Welch
points
out
that
doctors
get
to
become
doctors
because
they
are
good
with tests, and know instinctively how
to behave in a test-focused universe. Rate
them
by
how
many
tests
they
order,
and
they
will
order
in
profusion,
often
more
than
the
guidelines suggest. They will do fine on
assessments of their quality, but
patients may not do so well. Even
perfectly safe tests that are incapable of doing
their own damage may, given enough
weight, trigger catastrophe.
本段
Dr.
Welch
进一步阐明，开许多检查是为了有效地保障医疗质量，但实际上这样做
会使病人们过度检查，甚至造成伤害。
Yes, little blood pressure
cuff over there in the corner, that means you. The
link
between
very
high
blood
pressure
and
disease
is
incontrovertible,
and
the
drugs
used to
control blood pressure are among the cheapest and
safest around. Even so,
as
Dr.
Welch
pointed
out
in
a
recent
conversation,
systems
that
rate
doctors
by
how
well
their
patients
’
blood
pressure
is
managed
are
likely
to
invite
trouble.
Doctors
rewarded
for
treating
aggressively
are
likely
to
keep
doing
so
even
when
the
benefits
begin
to
morph
into
harm.
That
appears
to
happen
in
older
adults,
at
least
in
those
who
avoid
the
common
complications
of
high
blood
pressure
and
continue
on
medication.
One study found
that nursing home residents taking two or more
effective blood
pressure
drugs
did
remarkably
badly,
withdeath
rates
more
than
twice
that
of
their
peers.
In
another,
dementia
patients
taking
blood
pressure
medication
with
optimal
results nonetheless
deteriorated mentally considerably faster.
其他的医疗质控方法，
比如检测血压并且使用药物进行调控也不很有效。
研究显示血压
控制得好的老年人反而死亡率更高
Yet no quality control
system that I know of gives a doctor an approving
pat
on
the
head
for
taking
a
fragile
older
patient
off
meds.
Not
yet,
at
least.
Someday,
perhaps, not ordering and not
prescribing will mark quality care as surely as
ordering
and
prescribing
do
today.
Children
go
to
school
to
learn.
Adults
go
to
the
doctor
?
why? If
they are sick, to get better, certainly. But for
the average
healthy, happy adult,
let
’
s be honest: We really
haven
’
t completely figured
out
why you are in the waiting room.
And so we offer a luxuriant profusion of tests.
本文的
结论是，
目前并没有有效的医疗质控手段。
而且很多时候，
病人来医院除了接受
检查也没什么可做的。
2015
年
9
月上海高级口译真题阅读部分解析
第二篇：
Los Angeles
Times
标题：
Gatsby,
literature
’
s party animal,
turns 90 (
文学
)
I
was
in
high
school
when
I
first
fell
for
Gatsby,
who
turns
90
today
—
an
“
old
sport
”
by
any
measure.
He
was
50
even
then,
but
he
appeared
to
me
as
Robert
Redford
in a pink Ralph Lauren suit and those
“
shirts of sheer linen and
thick silk and
fine
flannel
”
that set Daisy
sobbing in Chapter 5. How could a freckle-faced,
Catholic-raised
virgin
resist
that
kind
of
bad
boy:
rich
and
handsome,
with
the
best
party
house in town, even if he never did mingle?
本文涉及英美文学内容，开篇第一
句提及“盖茨比”。第一段采取“故事开篇”结构，
从作者青少年时期的感受做切入点，
简要回顾盖茨比的故事情节。
考生需对
“盖茨比”
、
“黛
西”等《了不起的盖
茨比》信息有简单的了解。
Gatsby seems the kind of guy who would
always have been popular. But the truth
is
more
complicated.
“
The
Great
Gatsby
”
was
published
on
April
10,
1925.
Max
Perkins,
F.
Scott Fitzgerald's editor, thought it a
masterpiece. The then-29-year-old
Fitzgerald
wrote
of
the
novel
before
it
was
published,
“
It
represents
about
a
year's
work and
I think it's about ten years better than anything
I've done.
”
第二段深入介绍小说与作者信息，作为背景知识补充，可快速
阅读。
And it did receive some praise in its
early days, for sure. The New York Times
called
it
“
a
curious
book,
a
mystical,
glamorous
story
of
today.
”
But
others
weren't
enamored.
The
New
York
World
ran
a
review
under
the
headline
“
F.
Scott
Fitzgerald's
Latest
a Dud
”
(ouch!),
and Perkins
wrote at the
time that so
many
people
attacked
him over the book that he felt
“
bruised.
”
第三段展示媒体对小说
的评论。
注意文中
“
But
”
一词，
转折词
“
but,
yet,
still,
however,
nevertheless
”的出现意味着文意的转变。
“
And
”句是对小说的赞赏，
“
But
”句提出反面
观点，认为小说乏善可陈，受到广泛攻击。
Sales
were
lackluster
too.
The
first
printing
of
Fitzgerald's
debut
novel,
“
This
Side of
Paradise,
”
had
sold out in days,
and
Charles Scribner's Sons went back
to
press
11
more
times
in
two
years
to
sell
almost
50,000
copies.
Fitzgerald's
follow-up,
“
The
Beautiful and the Damned,
”
also sold well enough to put 50,000 copies into
print.
But
the
20,000-copy
first
run
of
“
The
Great
Gatsby
”
was
followed
by
a
mere
3,000
second
print
run,
and
no
third.
“
Gatsby
”
was
never
out
of
print
in
the
years
before
Fitzgerald
died
—
at
age
44,
15
years
after
its
publication
—
only
because
Scribner's
still had unsold copies from those first two
printings.
第四段关
注小说销售业绩。第一句中的“
too
”是个提示词，表示该段
的观点与上一段
相仿。“
debut
”
首秀
,
“
press
”出版社
,
“
first
run
”第一版等专业术语可做了解。
In fall 1940,
Fitzgerald, writing to his wife, Zelda, of a new
novel he was
working on, lamented,
“
I don't suppose anyone will
be much interested in what I
have to
say this time and it may be the last novel I'll
ever write.
”
The last
Scribner's royalty check before he died
that December was for $$13.13.
本段介绍小说作者菲兹杰拉德写给妻子的最后一本小说。
Fitzgerald's
friend, the literary and social critic Edmund
Wilson
—
who said
of Fitzgerald's death that he
“
felt robbed of some part of
my own personality
”
—
helped with the posthumous
publication of Fitzgerald's unfinished
“
The Last
Tycoon.
”
He and
Perkins, together with other Fitzgerald friends
and fans, worked
to
keep
critical
attention
on
Fitzgerald's
work.
Without
them,
“
Gatsby
”
might
have
disappeared altogether from the
American literary canon.
<
/p>
本段介绍菲兹杰拉德的朋友对他小说出版的帮助。段落中出现
“双
破折”
，考察标点符
号的阅读方式，“双破折”起解释说明、重
复介绍的作用，可以省略。
It was World War II, though, that gave
“
The Great
Gatsby
”
a real boost in
readership.
As
the
war
came
to
a
close,
150,000
pocket-sized
“
Armed
Service
Edition
”
paperbacks were sent to soldiers, men
who were perhaps left dreaming of swapping
their uniforms for all those
monogrammed shirts, and almost certainly of Daisy.
本段介绍二战对小说出版的推动力
。
第一句为主题句，
“
a
real
boost
”
,
高频词
“
boost
”
再次出现，同义词“
promote
”
,
“
thrust
”<
/p>
,
“
hoist
”等均为促进的含义。
How
the
almost-
forgotten
novel
ended
up
being
chosen
for
this
distribution
isn't
clear.
Maureen
Corrigan,
in
her
book
about
“
Gatsby,
”
“
So
We
Read
On,
”
speculates
that Nicholas Wreden, a member of the
book industry's Council on Books in Wartime
who also happened to be the manager of
Scribner's bookstore, may have had a hand
in it, a hand perhaps guided by
Perkins. The cover of the soldiers' edition, in
selling Gatsby as
“
the greatest of the
‘
racketeers' in American
fiction,
”
may
have led some to open it expecting
Dashiell Hammett. That idea was perpetuated by
the
movie
tie-in
edition
released
by
Bantam
a
few
years
later;
on
its
cover,
Howard
Da Silva, as the
character George Wilson, points a gun at a bare-
chested and very
buff Alan Ladd as
Gatsby
—
a paperback that
was reprinted five times by 1954.
The Bantam success
influenced Scribner's reissue of the novel, first
in
collected-work volumes, then in a
1957 student paperback. Sales of the latter
—
designed
for
baby
boomers
needing
something
beyond
textbook
excerpts
to
test
their
literary mettle
—
rose from 12,000 in its
first year to 36,000 in 1958, 100,000
each
year
by
1960,
and
three
times
that
before
Robert
Redford
donned
that
pink
Lauren
suit.
多段落评讲
《了不起的盖茨比》
小说获得成功的原因。
段落内结合部分金融知识，
< br>如
“
baby
boomers
”出自美国二战后著名的“
baby
boom
”婴儿潮一词，大量的数字作证小说的销售进
步。
Were
students
reading
“
Gatsby
”
because
of
its
literary
heft
or
because
it
was
teachable?
Likely both, but in any event the result was an
explosion of scholarly
analysis
paralleling
the
growth
in
sales
and
the
dawning
recognition
of
an
American
classic. This week,
90 years after its publication,
“
The Great
Gatsby
”
is a
phenomenon, having spent 476 weeks
—
more than nine years in
total
—
on one
national
bestseller
list,
and
“
timed
out
”
of
most
of
the
others.
Internationally