-
第三讲
推理判断类专项练习
【分类真题】
（
2019
年全国卷二
.B
）
（选择）
,
and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do
it.
actual reply from a parent after I
put out a request for volunteers for my kids'
lacrosse
（长曲棍球）
club.
I
guess
that
there's
probably
some
demanding
work
schedule,
or
social
anxiety
around
stepping
up
to
help for an
unknown sport. She may just need a little
persuading. So I try again and tug at the
heartstrings. I
mention the single
parent with four kids running the show and I talk
about the dad coaching a team that his
kids aren’t even on… At this point the
unwilling parent speaks up,
I’m
secretly
relieved
because
I
know
there’s
real
power
in
sharing
volunteer
responsibilities
among
many.
The
unwilling
parent
organizes
the
meal
schedule,
sends
out
emails,
and
collects
money
for
end-of-
season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same
parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of
the team. The coach is able to focus on
the kids while the other parents are relieved to
be off the hook for
another season.
Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids
can be as exciting as watching your own kid
score a goal.
Still,
most
of
us
volunteers
breathe
a
sigh
of
relief
when
the
season
comes
to
a
close.
That
relief
is
coupled
with a deep understanding of why the same people
keep coming back for more: Connecting to the
community
（社区）
as
you freely give your time, money, skills, or
services provides a real joy. Volunteering
just feels so good.
In that
sense, I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a
selfish act than I’d freely like to admit.
However,
if others benefit in the
process, and I get some reward too, does it really
matter where my motivation lies?
24.
What can we infer about the parent from her reply
in paragraph l?
A. She knows little
about the club.
C. She just
doesn't want to volunteer.
【答案】
.C
【解析】推理判断题。本题题干意为：从第一段那位家长的回答中我们可以推断出关于她的什么？
< p>文章中，那位家长的回答是
“
你可以把我作为最后
一个选择，如果没有其他人愿意当志愿者，那么我就
做
”
。根据其回答可以知道，她其实是不太愿意做志愿者的，故
C
项正确。
B. She isn't
good at sports.
D. She's unable to meet
her schedule.
25. What does the
underlined phrase
A. Encourage team
work.
C. Promote good deeds.
【答案】
.B
【解析】词义猜测题。本题题干意为：第二段中的画线短语<
/p>
“tug at the he
-artstrings
的意思是什么？
根据上下文可知，此处表示
“<
/p>
我
”
又试了一次，这回开始打感情牌。画
线短语意为
“
触动心弦
”
，故
B
项
正确。
A:
鼓励团队合作；
C:
促进良好行为；
D:
提供建议。
26. What can we learn about the parent
from paragraph 3?
A. She gets
interested in lacrosse.
C.
She’ll work for an
other season.
【答案】
.D
【解析】推理判断题。本题题干意为：从第三段中，我们能够
得知那位家长的什么情况？在文章的
第三段，作者记述了那位家长在活动中所做的事情，
即安排饮食计划、发送邮件、募集资金等，她成
了团队中一个重要的成员。因此
D
项（她成了一个好助手）正确。
27. Why does the author like doing
volunteer work?
A. It gives her a sense
of duty.
C. It enables her to work
hard.
【答案】
.B
【解析】推理判断题。本题题干意为：为什么作者喜欢做志愿工作？根据文章倒数第二段中的
“Connecting to the community...provides
a real joy”
以及
“Volunteering
just feels so good.”
可知，作者认为，
做志愿工作能让她开心。故
B
项正确。
A:
这给予她一种责任感；
C:
这让她
能努力工作；
D:
这给她带来
了物质上
的回报。
B. It makes her very happy.
D. It brings her material rewards.
B. She is proud of her kids.
D. She becomes a good helper.
B. Appeal to feelings.
D.
Provide advice.
（
2019
年全国卷三
.C
）
Before
the
1830s,most
newspapers
were
sold
through
annual
subscriptions
in
America,
usually
$$8
to
$$10 a year. Today $$8 or $$10 seems a
small amount of money, but at that time these
amounts were forbidding
to most
citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost
only by rich people in politics or the trades. In
addition,
most
newspapers
had
little
in
them
that
would
appeal
to
a
mass
audience.
They
were
dull
and
visually forbidding. But the revolution
that was taking place in the 1830s would change
all that.
The trend, then, was toward
the
—
a term referring to
papers made widely available to the
public.
It
meant
any
inexpensive
newspaper;
perhaps
more
importantly
it
meant
newspapers
that
could
be
bought
in single copies on the street.
This
development did not take place overnight. It had
been possible(but not easy)to buy single copies of
newspapers before 1830,but this usually
meant the reader had to go down to the printer's
office to purchase a
copy. Street sales
were almost unknown. However, within a few years,
street sales of newspapers would be
commonplace in eastern cities. At first
the price of single copies was seldom a
penny
—
usually two or three
cents
was
charged
—
and
some
of
the
older
well-known
papers
charged
five
or
six
cents.
But
the
phrase
paper
caught
the
public's
fancy,
and
soon
there
would
be
papers
that
did
indeed
sell
for
only
a
penny.
This
new
trend
of
newspapers
for
man
on
the
street
did
not
begin
well.
Some
of
the
early
ventures(
企业
)were
immediate failures. Publishers already in
business, people who were owners of successful
papers, had little desire to change the
tradition. It took a few youthful and daring
businessmen to get the ball
rolling.
of the following best describes
newspapers in America before the 1830s?
A. Academic.
【答案】
.B
【解析】细节理解题。本题题干意为：下面哪个选项对
19
世纪
30
年代之前美国报纸状况的描述是
最准确的？根据文章第一段的描述可知当时的报纸很昂贵，只有富人才能买得起。同时，当时的很多
报纸对大众没有吸引力。因此
B
项（没有吸引力的
）符合题意。
A:
学术的；
C:
便宜的；
D:
机密的。
did street sales mean to newspapers?
A. They would be priced higher.
C. They could have more readers.
【答案】
.C
【解析】
推理判断题。本题题干意为
：街头销售对报纸来说意味着什么根据文章第二段的描述，
当报纸开始在街头销售之后，
价格很低，容易买到，所以
C
项（它们会有更多的读者）符合题
意。
A:
它们的定价将会更高；
B:<
/p>
它们将从城市消失；
D:
它们将重获公众
的信任
were the newspapers of
the new trend targeted at?
A. Local
politicians.
B. Common
people.
B.
They would disappear from cities.
D.
They could regain public trust.
B. Unattractive.
C. Inexpensive.
D. Confidential.
C. Young
publishers.
【答案】
.B
D. Rich businessmen.
【解析】细节理解题。本题题干意为：新趋势下报纸的目标群体是哪些人？根据文章第二段和第三
段对报纸改革的描述，尤其是第二段的
The trend,
then, was toward the
papers made widely
available to the public.
可知，新的趋势为报纸大众化。故
B
项（普通人）符合题意。
can we say about the birth of the
penny paper?
A. It was a difficult
process.
C. It was a
robbery of the poor.
【答案】
.A
【解析】推理判断题。本题题干意为：我们可以如何评价
“
一分报纸
”
的诞生？根据文章对
“
一分报
纸
”
发展历
程的描述，尤其是最后一段的
This new trend of
newspapers for
begin
well.(<
/p>
这种面向街头普通人的报纸的新趋势一开始发展得并不好。可知，
A
项（这是一个艰难的
过程）符合题意。
B:
这是暂时的成功；
C:
这是对贫
穷者的掠夺；
D:
这对印刷工人来说是灾难。
< br>
B. It was a temporary success.
D. It was a disaster for printers.
（
2019
年全国卷三
.D
）
Monkeys seem
to have a way with numbers.
A team of
researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to
associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting
of numbers and selective letters with
0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The
researchers then tested how
the monkeys
combined
—
or
added
—
the symbols to get the
reward.
Here's
how
Harvard
Medical
School
scientist
Margaret
Livingstone,
who
led
the
team,
described
the
experiment: In their
cages the monkeys were provided with touch
screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol
would
appear,
and
on
the
other
side
two
symbols
inside
a
circle
were
shown.
For
example,
the
number
7
would
flash on one side of the screen and the other end
would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the
left
side of the screen they would be
rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if
they went for the circle, they
would be
rewarded with the sum of the
numbers
—
17 in this example.
After running hundreds of tests, the
researchers noted that the monkeys would go for
the higher values
more than half the
time, indicating that they were performing a
calculation, not just memorizing the value of
each combination.
When
the
team
examined
the
results
of
the
experiment
more
closely,
they
noticed
that
the
monkeys
tended
to
underes
timate
（低估）
a
sum
compared
with
a
single
symbol
when
the
two
were
close
in
value
—
sometimes
choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and
6. The underestimation was systematic:
When adding two numbers, the monkeys
always paid attention to the larger of the two,
and then added only a
fraction
（小部分）
of
the smaller number to it.
“But in this experiment what
they're doing is paying more attention to the big
number than the little one.”
32. What did the researchers do to the
monkeys before testing them?
A. They
fed them.
C. They trained
them.
【答案】
.C
【解析】细节理解题。本题题干意为：研究人员在对猴子进行测试之前对它们做了什么？根据题
干
中的
before testing
them
以及第二段第二句中的
The
researchers then tested how the monkeys combined
定
位至第二段，再根据第一句中的
A
team of researchers trained three Rhesus mon-keys<
/p>
可知答案为
C
项。
A:
他们给它们喂食；
B:
他们给它
们起名字；
D:
他们测量它们。
33. How did the monkeys get their
reward in the experiment?
A. By drawing
a circle.
C. By watching
videos.
【答案】
.B <
/p>
【解析】细节理解题。本题题干意为：在实验中，猴子们如何得到奖励？
< br>
根据题干中的
reward
定
位至第三段的后半部分。
根据第三段最后一句
If the
monkeys touched the left
side of the
screen they would be rewar-ded with seven drops of
water or juice...
可知答案为
B
项。
A:
通过画
一个圆圈
；
C:
通过观看视频；
D:
通过将两种饮料混合。
34. What
did Livingstone's team find about the monkeys?
A. They could perform basic addition.
C. They could memorize
numbers easily.
【答案】
.A
【解析】推理判断题。本题题干意为：
Livingstone
的团队从对猴子的研究中发现了什么？根据第四
段中
the
monkeys
would
go
for
the
higher
values
more
than
half
the
time,
indicating
that
they
were
performing a calculation
可知，答
案为
A
项（它们可以做基本的加法）。
B:
它们可以理解简单的文字；
B. They could
understand simple words.
D. They could
hold their attention for long.
B. By touching a screen.
D. By mixing two drinks.
B.
They named them.
D. They measured them.
C:
它们可以轻松地记住数字；
D:<
/p>
它们可以长时间保持注意力。
35.
In which section of a newspaper may this text
appear?
A. Entertainment.
【答案】
.D
【解析】推理判断题。本篇文章出现了研究人员（
researchers)
、实验（
ex-
periment)
、实验结果（
the
results of the experiment)
等关
键词，向读者展示了自然科学研究成果，因此本篇文章在报纸中应放在科
学版块，故答案
为
D
项。
A:
娱乐；
B:
健康；
C:
教育。
B.
Health.
C.
Education.
D. Science.
（
2018
年全国卷一
.D
）
We
may
think
we’re
a
culture
that
gets
rid
of
our
worn
technology
at
the
first
sight
of
something shiny and new, but a new
study shows that we keep using our old devices
(
装置
)well
after
they
go
out
of
style.
That’s
bad
news
for
the
environment
-
and
our
wallets
-
as
these
outdated devices consume much more
energy than the newer ones that do the same
things.
To
figure out how much power these devices are using,
Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at
the
Rochester
Institute
of
Technology
in
New
York
tracked
the
environmental
costs
for
each
product
throughout its life - from when its minerals are
mined to when we stop using the device.
This
method
provided
a
readout
for
how
home
energy
use
has
evolved
since
the
early
s
were
grouped
by
generation.
Desktop
computers
，
basic
mobile
phones,
and
box-
set
TVs
defined
1992.
Digital
cameras
arrived
on
the
scene
in
WP3
players,
smart phones, and
LCD TVs entered homes in
2002
，
before tablets and
e-readers showed up in
2007.
As
we
accumulated
more
devices,
however,
we
didn't
throw
out
our
old
ones.
living-
room
television is replaced and gets planted in the
kids’ room, and
suddenly one day
，
you
have
a
TV
in
every
room
of
the
house,”
said
one
researcher.
The
average
number
of
electronic devices rose from four per
household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We’re not just
keeping
these old devices - We continue
to use them. According to the analysis of
Babbitt's team, old
desktop monitors
and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst
devices with their energy
consumption
and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions
(
排放
) more than doubling
during
the 1992 to 2007 window.