-
2019
届高三英语精准培优专练十：阅读理解
--
推理判断（解析版）
一、
真题在线
Passage 1
（2018〃新课标卷
I
，
< br>D
）
Teens
and
younger
children
are
reading
a
lot
less
for
fun,
according
to
a
Common
Sense
Media
report
published Monday.
While the
decline over the past decade is steep for teen
readers, some data in the report shows that
reading
remains a big part of many
children?s lives, and indicates how parents might
help encourage more reading.
According
to
the
report?s
key
findings,
“the
proportion
(
比例
)
who
say
they
?hardly
ever?
read
for
fun
has
gone
from
8
percent
of
13-year-olds
and
9
percent
of
17-year-olds
in
1984
to
22
percent
and
27
percent
respectively
today.”
The report data
shows that pleasure reading levels for younger
children, ages 2-8, remain largely the same. But
the amount of time spent in reading
each session has declined, from closer to an hour
or more to closer to a half
hour per
session.
When
it
comes
to
technology
and
reading,
the
report
does
little
to
counsel(
建议
)
parents
looking
for
data
about
the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It
does point out that many parents still limit
electronic reading,
mainly due to
concerns about increased screen time.
The most hopeful data shared in the
report shows clear evidence of parents serving as
examples and important
guides for their
kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that
kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to
infrequent readers, have more books in
the home, more books purchased for them, parents
who read more often,
and parents who
set aside time for them to read.
As the
end of school approaches, and school vacation
reading lists loom(
逼近
)
ahead, parents might take this
chance
to step in and make their own summer reading list
and plan a family trip to the library or
bookstore.
28. What is the Common Sense
Media report probably about?
A.
Children?s reading habits.
B. Quality of children?s
books.
C. Children?s
after
-class activities.
D. Parent-child relationships.
29. Where can you find the
data that best supports “children are
reading
a lot less for
fun”?
A. In paragraph 2.
C. In paragraph 4.
B. In paragraph 3.
D. In paragraph 5.
30. Why
do many parents limit electronic reading?
A. E-books are of poor quality.
B. It could be a waste of time.
C. It may harm children?s
heal
th.
D. E-readers are
expensive.
31. How should parents
encourage their children to read more?
A. Act as role models for them.
B. Ask then to write book reports.
C. Set up reading groups for them.
D. Talk with their reading class
teachers.
【文章大意】
据本周一公布的
a
Common Sense Media report
报告显示，青少年和年幼的孩子
们读书的乐趣
大大减少。文中从阅读的乐趣，阅读的时间，阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的
影响等角度展示了该报告的内
容。
【答案】
28. A
29.
B
30.
C
31.
A
【解析】
28.
推理判断题。题干问的是这篇报道可能是关于什么内容。根据整篇文章，我们可以
看出这篇报道讲述了
孩子们阅读的乐趣，孩子们阅读的时间，孩子们阅读方式和父母对孩
子阅读的影响。
A
项意为：孩子们的
阅
读习惯；
B
项意为：孩子们所读书籍的质量；
< br>C
项意为：孩子们的课后活动；
D
项意为：父母与孩子的关
系。故选
A
。
29.
推理判断题。根据第三段中
的
the proportion
(
比例
) who say they ?hardly
ever? read for fun has gone from 8
percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent
of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27
percent respectively today.
可
知，
很少为乐趣而阅读的人的比例已经分别从
1984
年的
13
岁的
8%
和
17
岁的
9%<
/p>
上升到现在的
22%
和
< br>27%
。
也就是说，为乐趣而读书的人越来越少了。故选
B
。
30.
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句
many
parents
still
limit
electronic
reading,
mainly
due
to
concerns
about increased screen time
可
知，许多家长仍然限制电子阅读，主要是由于担心看一些电子屏幕的时间越来
越多，
即担心会伤害孩子们的健康。故选
C
。
31.
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段
The
most
hopeful
data
shared
in
the
report
shows
clear
evidence
of
parents
serving as examples
and important guides for their kids when it comes
to reading.
可知，
有明显的证据表明，
父母
为孩子们做榜样并为孩子们作重要指导能培养孩子的阅读习惯。也即是
说，父母可以通过给孩子们作榜样
来鼓励孩子们阅读的。故选
A
。
Passage 2
（
2018
〃天津卷，
D
）
Give yourself a test. Which way is the
wind blowing? How many kinds of wildflowers can be
seen from your
front door? If your
awareness is as sharp as it could be, you?ll have
no trouble answering these questions.
Most
of
us
observed
much
more
as
children
than
we
do
as
adults
.
A
child?s
day
is
filled
with
fascination,
newness and
wonder. Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness.
But distinctions that were sharp to us as children
become unclear; we are
numb(
麻木的
) to new
stimulation(
刺激
), new ideas.
Relearning the art of seeing the world
around us is quite simple, although it
takes practice and requires breaking some bad
habits.
The first step in awakening
senses is to stop predicting what we are going to
see and feel before it occurs. This
blocks awareness. One chilly night when
I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some
students, I mentioned
that we were
going to cross a mountain stream. The students
began complaining about how cold it would be. We
reached the stream, and they
unwillingly walked ahead. They were almost knee-
deep when they realized it was a
hot
spring. Later they all admitted they?d felt cold
water at first.
Another
block to awareness is the
obsession(
痴迷
) many of us
have with naming things. I saw bird watchers
who spotted a bird, immediately looked
it up in fiel
d guides, and said, a
“ruby
-
crowned kinglet” and
checked it off.
They no longer paid
attention to the bird and never learned what it
was doing.
The
pressures
of
and
are
further
blocks
to
awareness.
I
encountered
many
hikers
who
were
headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough
time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred
to them to
wander a bit, to take a
moment to see what?s around them. I asked them
what they?d seen.
said. They seemed
bent on their destinations.
Nature
seems to unfold to people who watch and wait. Next
time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take
in all the sights, sounds and
sensations. Wander in this frame of mind and you
will open a new dimension to your
life.
51. According to Paragraph 2, compared
with adults, children are more ________.
A. anxious to do wonders
B. sensitive to others?
feelings
C. likely to
develop unpleasant habits
D. eager to
explore the world around them
52. What
idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3?
A. To avoid jumping to conclusions.
B. To stop complaining all the time.
C. To follow the teacher?s
advice.
D. To admit mistakes
honestly.
53. The bird watchers?
behavior shows that they ________.
A. are very patient in their
observation
B. are really fascinated by
nature
C. care only about the names of
birds
D. question the accuracy of the
field guides
54. Why do the hikers take
no notice of the surroundings during the journey?
A. The natural beauty isn?t attractive
to them.
B. They focus on
arriving at the camp in time.
C. The
forest in the dark is dangerous for them.
D. They are keen to see rare birds at
the destination.
55. In the passage,
the author intends to tell us we should ________.
A. fill our senses to feel the wonders
of the world
B. get rid of some bad
habits in our daily life
C. open our
mind to new things and ideas
D. try our
best to protect nature
【文章大意】
本文是一篇散文。我们有多久没有仔细观察我们周围的世界了。作者通过此文要告诉我们：
放慢脚步，带着我们所有的感官来感受周围世界的奇妙。
【答案】
51.
D
52.
A
53.
C
54.
B
55.
A
【解析】
51.
推理判断题。
根据文章第二段
Most of us
observed much more as children than we do as
adults.
A child?s day is
filled with fascination, newness and wo
nder.
可知，与成人相比较，孩子观察得更多，孩子的一天充满了魔力、
新奇和惊奇。从而可以推断出孩子更急于探索
他们周围的世界。故选
D
。
52.
推理判断题。根据文章第三段作者叙述在一个寒冷的夜晚，作者和
学生徒步旅行穿过一条小溪的时候，
学生们抱怨水太冷而不愿往前走，结果事实上那是一
个温泉。作者举这样一个事例是为了向读者传递这样
的观念：避免过早下结论。故选
A
。
53.
细节理解题。
根据文章第四段全段及首句
A
nother block to awareness is the
obsession(
痴迷
) many of us
have
with naming things.
可知，鸟
观察者发现鸟后只关心鸟的名字，并不关心它在做什么。故选
C
。
54.
细节理解题。
根据文章第五段
I encountered
many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-
ground with just
enough time to get
there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to
wander a bit, to take a moment to see what?s
around them.
可知，徒步旅行者只关心能够及时到
达目的地，而很少关心周围的事物。故选
B
。
< br>
55.
推理判断题。文章作者想要通过此文要告诉我们
：大自然只展现给那些善于观察和等待的人，带着我们
所有的感官来感受周围世界的奇妙
吧。故选
A
。
Passage 3
（
2017
〃新课标卷
I
，<
/p>
D
）
A
build-it-yourself solar
still
（蒸馏器）
is one
of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas
where the
liquid is not readily
available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S.
Department of Agriculture,
it
?
s an excellent
water collector. Unfortunately, you
must carry the necessary equipment with you, since
it
?
s all but impossible to <
/p>
?
5
＇
find
natural substitutes. The only components required,
though, are a 5
＇
sheet of clear or slightly milky
plastic,
six feet of plastic tube, and
a container
—
perhaps just a
drinking cup
—
to catch the
water. These pieces can be
folded into
a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.
To construct a working still, use a
sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across
and three feet deep. Try to
make the
hole in a damp area to increase the water
catcher
?
s productivity.
Place your cup in the deepest part of the
hole. Then lay the tube in place so
that one end rests all the way in the cup and the
rest of the line runs up
—
and
out
—
the
side of the hole.
Next, cover the hole
with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the
plastic with dirt and weighting the
sheet
?
s
center
down with a rock. The plastic should now form a
cone(
圆锥体
) with 45-degree-
angled sides. The low point
of the
sheet must be centered directly over, and no more
than three inches above, the cup.
The solar still works by creating a
greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water
evaporates (
蒸发
) and collects
on the sheet until small drops of water
form, run down the material and fall off into the
cup. When the container is
full, you
can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and
won
?
t have to break down the
still every time you need
a drink.
32.
What do we know about the solar still equipment
from the first paragraph?
A.
It?s delicate.
C.
It?s complex.
B.
It?s
expensive.
D.
It?s portable
.
33.
What does the underlined
phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer
to?
A. The tube.
C. The hole.
B. The still.
D. The cup.
34.
What?s the last step of constructing a
working solar still?
A. Dig
a hole of a certain size.
B.
Put the cup in place.
C.
Weight the sheet?s center
down
.
D. Cover the hole with the plastic
sheet.
35. When a solar still works,
drops of water come into the cup from
.
A. the plastic tube
C. the open air
B. outside the hole
D. beneath the sheet
【语篇解读】<
/p>
本文主要介绍了一种自己可以亲手制作的简单易行的太阳能蒸馏器的方法，并介绍了它的工
作原理。这种蒸馏器所需的材料简单，适用于任何缺水的地方。
【答案】
32. D
33.
B
34. C
35. D
【解析】
32.
推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句话
Thes
e pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and
fastened on your
belt.
可知制作蒸馏
器的东西可以叠放在一个小包里，系在腰间，这说明制作蒸馏器的设备很轻便，
port
able
表示“轻便的；手提的”
，故选
D
。
33.
词义猜测题。
根据
Try to
ma
ke the hole in a damp area to
increase the water catcher?s productivity
可知最好在
潮湿的地方挖洞，
以提高接水器的工作效率。<
/p>
“
接水器
”
是指
在潮湿的地方挖洞，在洞的底部放一个杯子，杯
子上方用膜覆盖，整个装置构成接水器，
而不是某个部分。这一题很容易错选
D
，但是就算在很干燥的地
方挖洞，杯子也可以接水，杯子接水的事实并不会因为周围环境的变化而变化，杯子的工
作效率是不变的。
故选
B
。
34.
细节理解题。根据第三段
Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet,
securing the edges of the plastic with dirt
and
weighting
the
sheet?s
center
down
with
a
rock.
可知最后一步是
weighting
the
sheet?s
center
down
with
a
rock(
放
一块石头在覆盖膜的中间，把它压下去
)
，故选
C
。
35.
推理判断题。结合第四段中的
Ground water evaporates
(
蒸发
) and collects on the
sheet until small drops of
water form,
run down the material and fall off into the cup
可知地下水蒸发，在覆盖膜上聚集起来，直到形成小
水滴落在杯子里，
覆盖膜是在杯子上面的，水滴落入杯子里，所以水滴是聚在覆盖膜的下面。故选
D
。
Passage 4
（
2017
〃新课标卷
II
，
B
）
Minutes after
the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza
Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns
and gathering coke cups. It was a scene
that had been repeated many times in the theater?s
75
-year history. This
time,
however, the cleanup was a little different. As
one group of workers carried out the rubbish,
another group
began removing seats and
other theater equipment in preparation for the
building?s end.
The film
classic
The Last Picture Show
was the last movie shown in the old
theater. Though the movie is 30
years
old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-
eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old
building.
Theater owner Ed Bradford
said he chose the movie because it seemed
appropriate. The movie is set in a small
town where the only movie theater is
preparing to close down.
Bradford said
that large modern theaters in the city made it
impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that
the
theater?s
location(
位置
)
was
also
a
reason.
“This
used
to
be
the
center
of
town,”
he
said.
“Now
the
area
is
mostly office buildings
and warehous
es.”
Last week some city officials suggested
the city might be interested in turning the old
theater into a museum
and public
meeting place. However, these plans were abandoned
because of financial problems. Bradford sold the
building
and
land
to
a
local
development
firm,
which
plans
to
build
a
shopping
complex
on
the
land
where
the
theater is located.
The
theater audience said good-bye as Bradford locked
the doors for the last time. After 75 years the
Plaza
Theater had shown its last movie.
The theater will be missed.
24. In what
way was yesterday?s cleanup at the Plaza
special?
A. It made room for
new equipment.
B. It signaled the
closedown of the theater.
C. It was
done with the help of the audience.
D.
It marked the 75th anniversary of the theater.
25. Why was
The Last Picture
Show
put on?
A.
It was an all-time classic.
B. It was about the history of the
town.
C. The audience requested it.
D. The theater owner found it suitable.
26. What will probably happen to the
building?
A. It will be repaired.
B. It will be turned into a
museum.
C. It will be knocked down.
D. It will be sold to the
city government.
27. What
can we infer about the audience?
A.
They are disappointed with Bradford.
B.
They are sad to part with the old theater.
C. They are supportive of
the city officials.
D. They are eager to have a shopping
center.
【语篇解读】
本文
是一篇记叙文，讲述了一家具有
75
年历史的剧院因为不利的地
理位置和现代剧院的竞争
而被转售的故事。
【答案】
24.
B
25. D
26.
C
27.
B
【解析】
24.
细节理解题。
根据首段的最后两句可知，
这次散场后的清理工作与之前不同的是工人不仅清理走了垃圾，
而且还挪走了
座椅和剧院的其他设备，因为剧院已经被转卖出去了。
25.
推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，剧院老板选择这部电影是因为这部电影本身讲述
的就是小镇上
唯一的电影影院准备关门停业的故事，与
Plaz
a Theater
的现状一样。
2
6.
推理判断题。根据第四段末句中的＂
which
plans to build a shopping complex on the land
where the theater is
located.
＂可以推断出这个剧院将被拆除，取而代之的是一个现代的购物中心。
27.
推理判断题。根据第二段中的＂
most
of
the
250
seats
were
filled
with
teary-eyed
audience
wanting
to
say
good-bye
to the old building
＂可知，人们非常难过，不愿意看到老剧院被
拆掉。