-
英语阅读理解推理判断之写作意图题
真题感悟：
(2018·
北京，
C)
Plastic-Eating Worms
Humans produce more than 300 million
tons of plastic every half of that winds up
in landfills(
垃圾填埋场
)
，
and up to 12 million tons
pollute the far there is no effective
way to get rid of
it
，
but a new study suggests
an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry
worms.
Researchers in Spain
and England recently found that the worms of the
greater wax moth can
break down
polyethylene
，
which accounts
for 40% of team left 100 wax worms on a
commercial
polyethylene
shopping bag
for
12
hours
，
and
the
worms
consumed
and
broke
down
about
92
milligrams
，
or
almost
3%
of
confirm
that
the
worms
’
chewing
alone
was
not
responsible for the
polyethylene breakdown
，
the
researchers made some worms into
paste(
糊状物
)
and
applied
it
to
plastic
films.14
hours
later
the
films
had
lost
13%
of
their
mass
—
apparently
broken down by
enzymes(
酶
) from the
worms
’
findings were
published in
Current
Biology
in 2017.
Federica
Bertocchini
，
co-author of the
study
，
says the
worms
’
ability to break down
their
everyday food
—
< br>beeswax
—
also allows them
to break down plastic.
“
Wax
is a complex mixture
，
but
the basic bond in
polyethylene
，
the carbon-
carbon bond
，
is there as
well
，
”
she
explains.
“
The wax
worm evolved a method or system to
break this bond.
”
Jennifer
DeBruyn
，
a microbiologist at
the University of
Tennessee
，
who was not
involved in
the
study
，
says it is not
surprising that such worms can break down
compared with
previous
studies
，
she finds the speed
of breaking down in this one next
step
，
DeBruyn
says
，
will be to
identify the cause of the it an enzyme produced
by the worm itself or
by its gut
microbes(
肠道微生物
)?
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her
team
’
s findings might one
day help employ the enzyme to
break
down
plastics
in
she
expects
using
the
chemical
in
some
kind
of
industrial
process
—
not
simply
“
millions of worms
thrown on top of the
plastic.
”
语篇解读
本文是一篇说明文。作者介
绍了一项科学发现：一种吃塑料的虫子
——
大蜡螟，
1
它胃中的酶能够降解塑料，从而为人们解决
塑料污染问题提供新的途径。
46
．
What is the
main purpose of the passage?
A
．
To explain a
study method on worms.
B
．
To introduce
the diet of a special worm.
C
．
To present a
way to break down plastics.
D
．
To propose new
means to keep eco-balance.
一、题型解读
各种话题的阅读材料都
可能考查写作目的
/
意图题。设问形式常有：
< br>
1
．整篇文章的写作目的
/<
/p>
意图：
(1)The writer
writes this passage in order to
.
(2)The purpose of the text is to
.
(3)What is the main
purpose of the passage?
(4)The writer
of the story wants to tell us that
. <
/p>
2
．某处细节的写作目的
/
意图：
(1)The writer
uses...in the first paragraph to
.
(2)The writer uses the example of...to
.
(3)The author writes the
last paragraph in order to
.
二、解题技巧
1
．
文体特点推意图
(1)
记叙文：
一般会在首段或尾段出现高度概括
的总结性语言，
且往往有一定的哲理性，
所有
< br>的叙述都是围绕该哲理展开的。
(2)
应用文：文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍，使用具有明显支持倾向的语言。
2
(3)
说明文：写作目的有赖于对文章主旨的把握，阅读时需要找准主题句。
(4)
议论文：提出论点
——
进行论证
——
得出结论，作者的意图往往隐含于最后一部分
中。
2
．
看
写作手法找答案
(1)
在文章开头提
出问题或介绍与主题有关的其他事物时答案中往往会含有
to
bring
in/to
introduce the
topic
等字眼。
(2)
举例或引用某人的话时答案中往往会含有
to support/to
show...
例如：
【真题感悟】中的第
< br>46
题，文章为说明文，主要介绍了一项新的研究发现
—
—
蠕虫可
以分解塑料。因此可以推断该篇文章的写作意图是告诉
读者一种新的分解塑料的方法。
限时训练：
A
(2018·
湖南第二次联考
)
In my very first job with some
< br>1
archaeologists
，
I wasn
’
t digging objects
out of the ground
，
instead I
was employed as an
artist
，
drawing what they
r
，
I was soon more interested
in the stories behind the objects than
in drawing them and that
’
s
how my career in archaeology
started.I
still
draw
what
I
find
in
my
work
as
a
specialist
on
the
Silk
Road
，
the
old
trade
route
running from Egypt to
Mongolia
，
and I also work on
some underwater projects too.
In
archaeology
，
my all-time hero
is an American called Raphael Pumpelly.I first
heard about
him when
I was a
student on a trip to
Turkmenistan
，
a country right
in the heart of get
around the
country
，
I had to learn
Russian so that I could speak to the local I got
there
I
thought
，“
Wow!
I
’
m one of the first
Americans here
！”
Then an old
man told me about an
American
archaeologist
，
Raphael
Pumpelly
，
who was there doing
the same thing over 100 years
ago.
Archaeology
’
s in
my wife
’
s in the same
2
profession
，
and
，
although our two boys
aren
’
t interested
in the future in archaeology themselves
，
we
’
ve been on
some great digs together
and they love
what we do because they get to travel with
summer
，
we took them to Lake
Titicaca in South
America
，
in the high areas of
the Andes mountain best experience was
when I was digging on the Egyptian Red
Sea
’
s very little rain and
it
’
s so dry that
everything is kept as it
was.
In an old
house
，
where the owner used
to store goods from the ships
that came
in
，
I picked up a 700-year-
old mat in front of the house and
there
，
under
it
，
after all
3
that
time
，
was the house key with
the owner
’
s name carved on
it.
It felt like he could be on his
way home any minute! And I thought
，“
Hey
，
I do
just man
’
s not much
different to
me
！”
语篇解读
作者在文章中介绍了自己喜
欢做考古学家的原因，并讲述了自己在各地考古的经
历和感受。
3
．
What is the
writer
’
s main purpose in
writing the text?
A
．
To describe the
life of an archaeologist he admires.
B
．
To persuade
people to take up archaeology as a career.
C
．
To explain what
he enjoys about being an archaeologist.
D
．
To show how
archaeologists work.
B
Stained
glass(
彩色玻璃
) artists create
different designs by making cuts on the glass to <
/p>
“
score
”
it and then breaking off the pattern
that they want to use in the finished most
difficult
cut in stained glass is
called an inside lly
，
it
’
s a
curved(
弯曲的
) line where you
throw
away the part inside of the
problem with inside cuts is that the edges of the
curve tend to
break off when the pieces
of scored glass are broken apart.
As
the artist talked about inside
cuts
，
he
said
，“
The glass will break
into pieces if you try to
cut
too
much
off
at
best
way
to
do
an
inside
cut
is
to
7
slice
off
smaller
curves
fact
，
it
’
s not just the
best way to do it
，
but
it
’
s the only way to do
it.
”
How
many
times
do
you
try
to
make
a
big
change
and
cut
the
entire
piece
at
once?
We
convince
ourselves
that
we
can
do
this
all
the
’
ll
4
commit
to
5
transforming
our
diet
overnight or we get inspired to launch
a business in a weekend or we finally get
motivated to work
out and push
ourselves to the edge of burning out.
Why
not
approach
your
goals
and
dreams
like
a
stained
glass
artist?
Starting
by
slicing
a
shallow curve and breaking a small
piece off
，
you cut a slightly
deeper curve and break that off until
you have your full inside slowly
cutting deeper and deeper
curves
，
you prevent the glass
from breaking as it changes shape.
Of course
，
change
isn
’
t
easy
—
no matter how you do
it.
Slow gains are
boring
，
but if we
keep
making
small
improvements
，
then
pretty
soon
we
will
end
up
with
a
beautiful
4