-
高考英语推理判断题解题技巧
高考英语推理判断题解题技巧
高考英
语阅读理解很重要而且很复杂，
为什么复杂？是因为阅读理解有很多题型，
那么
这些题型中有哪些很重要呢？
接下来就跟大家谈谈非常重要的一种题型——推理题！！！
再说推理题之前，我们先来看一道汉语推理题。
人，就是想探寻宇宙奥秘，觅其所未见，
因之为探天险而丧生者已为数众多。
人类必须
征服自然，
金沙江之类的天堑改变成通途，事关国计民
生，造福古今后世。
不意缆车之发明
却大大发展了旅游事业，<
/p>
大量赚钱，
满足了弱者也能登临天险的好奇心，
< br>后果却摧毁了人间
天险。
Q<
/p>
：对这段文字的主旨最准确的概括是（
）。
[A].
缆车的发明可以使自然界的天险变成通途
[B].
缆车既使旅游业赚钱，也满足了游客探险的愿望
[C].
缆车可以让弱者登临天险而不必担心有生命危险
<
/p>
[D].
缆车满足了人的好奇心，也限制了人对自然的探寻
[
解
]
正确答案为
D
。
段落第三句是说缆车发展了旅游、
满足了好奇心，
< br>后半句发生意思转折，
指出缆车也摧
毁了人对自然的探寻
。由此，可以看出
A
、
B
、
C
三项仅概括了缆车的正面作用，而没有概
括由于缆车而产生的负面效果，故正确答案为
D
。
这个问题很简单吧，汉语推理
so
e
asy
，但为什么考研阅读推理题同学得分不高呢？你
是怎么做
的呢？段落翻译一下？选项翻译一下？逐个匹配一下？二选一错一下？付出和收
获不成正
比？大多数原因是主观臆断，
想象力和自我感觉占了主导。
言外
之意就是，
没有找
到推理题的解题原则和方法。
推理题长什么样？
传统推理题的题干标志词主要有
infer, imply,
indicated, suggest, learn
等等；新型推理
题的题干还有
paragraph
这种提示段落的词。
推理题分哪几种？
单段推理、
多段推理和细节推理
。
细节推理一听这个名字就是混血儿。
它既长得像细节
题又长
得像推理题。接下来我们会一一给大家讲解。
如何破解推理题？
看似神秘的推理题
，
实则就是
考察段落的主要内容、
中心
大意
。
现阶段我们已经掌握了
如何去找
段落中心，
怎么找？六大标志别忘记！
一个逻辑两个动词和两个
特殊还有平铺。
具
体说就是表示顺接和转接的逻辑词、观点动词
、情态动词、特殊标点、特殊句型、平铺直叙
的段首和段尾等等。
所以推理题答案就在这六大标志处，
光说不练假把式，
我们实
战演练如
何？
But what
we forget---what our economy depends on us
forgetting---is that happiness is more
than pleasure without pain. The things
that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest
potential for
loss and disappointment.
Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness,
we need someone to
tell us, as religion
once did, Memento: remember that you will die,
that everything ends, and that
happiness comes not in denying this but
in living with it. It
’
s a
message even more bitter than a
clove
cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.
39. We can learn from the last
paragraph that the author believes_____.
[A]. happiness more often than not ends
in sadness.
[B]. the anti-happy art is
distasteful but refreshing.
[C]. misery
should be enjoyed rather than denied.
[D]. the anti-happy art flourishes when
economy booms.
1 / 6
高考英语推理判断题解题技巧
【解】
做题步骤是
三思一行
。
第一思题干类型
。
learn,
paragraph
，推理题。
第二
思考点定位句
。我们首先要找段落中心六大标志。
[
错误做法
]
看到冒号的
同学如获至宝，
Memento
mori:
remember
that
you
will
die,
that
everything ends, and that happiness
comes not in denying this but in living with it(
记住你会死，
一切都将结束，幸福不是否定这一切而是坦然接受，言
外之意就是死亡不可避免
)
，然后就
选
了
A
或者
C
。
强调一下，如果冒号出现在论据里它就没那么重要了，冒号前面是解释说
明一种宗教信仰
，
宗教作为一个例子来看就没有那么重要了。
所以我们可以把这
句话去掉不
看，在剩下三个句子里找。
①
But
what
we
forget---what
our
economy
depends
on
us
forgetting---is
that
happiness
is
more
than
pleasure without pain.
②
The
things
that
bring
the
greatest
joy
carry
the
greatest
potential
for
loss
and
disappointment. Today, surrounded by
promises of easy happiness, we need someone to
tell us.
③
It
’
s
a message even
more
bitter
than
a clove cigarette,
yet
, somehow, a breath of
fresh air.
根据
顺序性和密度性原则
，我们找到考点定位句是③
It
’
s
a
message
even
more
bitter
than
a
clove cigarette,
yet
,
somehow, a breath of fresh air.
做到这里我们同
学其实已经可以得出正确答案了，我们严格按照步骤做完来验证一下。
第三思定位句中关键词
。
yet
逻辑词表示转折，我们做汉语推理题就深有感觉，转折后
的意思是重点。
关键词
=
主题词
+
属性词
(
情感态度变化
)
，主题词是
it,
属性词就是
bitter yet
fresh
。
一行选项等价代换完全匹配。
题做完了，
是不是三思一行让你很踏实无后顾之忧啊！
相比较而言，
第二步更重要一些，
如果考点定位句找
错了，
方向错了再努力也是白搭。
所以同学们上课不仅要认真听
做好笔记，
课下要严格按照三思一行步骤解题，
一定要把六大标
志逐行扫描干净，
不然第二步可能就会
出现偏差。
例题解析：
We
tend to think of plants as the furniture of the
natural world. They don
’
t
move
，
they
don
’
t make sounds and they
don
’
t seem to respond to
anything
—
at least not very
quickly. But as is
often the
case
，
our
human
’
s view of the world
misses quite a lot. Plants talk to each other all
the
time. And the language is chemical.
Over the
years
，
scientists have
reported that different types of
plants
，
from trees to
tomatoes
，
release
compounds(
化合物
) into the air
to help neighboring plants. These chemical
warnings all
have the same purpose
—
to spread
information about one
plant
’
s disease or
infestation so other
plants can defend
themselves. But exactly how plants receive and act
on many of these signals is
still
mysterious.
In
this
week
’
s
Proceedings
of
the
National
Academy
of
Scienc
es
，
researchers
in
Japan
offered some
explanations. They had identified one chemical
message and traced it all the way
from release to action.
The
scientists
looked
at
tomato
plants
infested
by
a
common
pest
，
the
cutworm.
The
researchers
studied
leaves
from
exposed
and
unexposed
plants.
They
found
one
compound
showed up more
often in the exposed plants. The substance is
called HexVic. When the scientists
fed
HexVic to cutworms
，
it
knocked down their survival rate by 17%.The
scientists identified the
source of
HexVic
，
and sprayed it
lightly over healthy plants. Those plants were
then able to start
producing
the
cutworm
killing
HexVic .Researchers
confirmed
that
uninfected
plants
have
to
build
their own weapons to fight off bugs and disease.
How do they know when to play defense?
They are warned first by their friendly
plant neighbors.
2 / 6
高考英语推理判断题解题技巧
It
is a complex tale
，
and it may
be happening in more plant species than may also
be happening with more chemical signals
that are still unknown to us. Further studies are
needed
to increase agricultural
efficiency.
17
．
How do plants
warn their neighbors?
A
．
They make use
of winds.
B
．
They release
some chemicals.
C
．
They identify
the chemicals.
D
．
They are
exposed early.
18
．
What
’
s the function of
HexVic?
A
．
It
damages the cutworm
’
s body.
B
．
It shows up
more.
C
．
It cures
the disease.
D
．
It sprays over
healthy plants.
19
．
It can be
inferred from the text
that________
．
A
．
there are not
chemical signals
B
．
the phenomenon
may be happening in less plant species than
tomatoes
C
．
farmers may
benefit from the further studies
D
．
plants are
warned first by their neighbors
20
．
The passage is
likely to appear in
________
．
A
．
a newspaper
advertisement
B
．
a physics
textbook
C
．
a
science magazine
D
．
a finance
report
【解题导语】
人们倾
向于认为植物是大自然的装饰品。
它们不能移动，
不能发出声响
，
看起来不对任何事情作出反应。但是情况常常并非如此，植物一直都在说话。
17
．
解析：
选
B
。
细节理解题。
根据第二段中的
“scientists have
reported that different types
of
plants
，
from trees to
tomatoes
，
release
compounds(
化合物
) into the air
to help neighboring
plants.”
可知，不同种类的植物通过释放一些化合物进而帮助附近的植物，即
B
< br>项正确。
18
．解析：选
A
。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的
“W
hen the sc
ientists fed HexVic to
cutworms
，
it
knocked down their survival rate by
17%.”
和
“Those plants were
then able to start
producing the cut
worm
killing HexVic.”
可知，
A
项正确。
19
．解析：选
C
。推理判断题。由文章的最后
一句可推知，通过进一步的科学研究可以
提高农业效率，农民会从中受益，即
C
项正确。
20
．解析：选
C
。推理判断题。根据文章内容可
推知，本文应该是一篇科研报告性质的
文章
Exercise
From good reading
we can get pleasure, companionship, experience,
and instruction. A good
book may absorb
our attention so completely that for the time
being we forget our surroundings
and
even our identity. Reading good books is one of
the greatest pleasures in life. It increases our
contentment when we are cheerful, and
lessens our troubles when we are sad. Whatever may
be
our main purpose in reading, our
contact with good books should never fail to give
us enjoyment
and satisfaction.
With a good book in our
hands we need never be lonely. Whether the
characters in it are
taken from real
life or are purely imaginary, they may become our
companions and friends. In the
pages of
books we can walk with the wise and the good of
all lands and all times. The people we
meet in books may delight us either
because they resemble
(
相像
)human friends whom we
hold
dear or because they present
unfamiliar types whom we are glad to welcome as
new acquaintances.
Our human friends
sometimes may bore us, but the friends we make in
books need never weary us
with their
company. By turning the page we can dismiss them
without any fear of hurting their
feelings.
While
human
friends
desert
us,
good
books
are
always
ready
to
give
us
friendship,
sympathy, and encouragement.
Of all the gifts from
reading books, the most valuable one is
experience. Few of us can
travel
far
from
home
or
have
a
wide
range
of
experiences,
but
all
of
us
can
lead
varied
lives
through the pages of
books. Whether we wish to escape from the
seemingly dull realities of daily
routines or whether we long to visit
some far-off place, a book will help us when
nothing else can.
To
travel
by
book
we
need
no
bank
account
to
pay
our
way;
no
airship
or
ocean
liner
or
stream-
lined
train
to
transport
us;
no
passport
to
enter
the
land
of
our
heart's
desire.
Through
books we may get the thrill of
hazardous adventure without danger. We can climb
high mountains,
brave
the
perils
of
an
Antarctic
winter,
or
cross
the
scorching
sands
of
the
desert,
all
without
hardship. In books we may visit the
studios of Hollywood; we may mix with the merry
crowds of
the
Paris
boulevards;
we
may
join
the
picturesque
peasants
in
an
Alpine
village
or
the
kindly
natives on a South
Sea island. Indeed, through books the whole world
is ours for the asking. The
possibilities
of
our
literary
experiences
are
almost
unlimited.
The
beauties
of
nature,
the
3 / 6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇：用英文介绍清明节传统文化
下一篇：中国画的骄傲——《清明上河图》阅读答案