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用英文介绍清明节传统文化
清
明
p>
清明节又叫踏青节,
是我国重要的传统节日。
从二十四节气上讲,
它又是节气之
一。
它是唯一一个节日和节气并存的日子,
可见古人对这一天的重视程度。
今天
我们就把跟清明节有关的知识给大家普及一下:
ORIGIN
起源
Qing Ming is popularly associated with
Jie Zi Zhui, who lived in Shanxi
province in 600 B.C. Legend has it that
Jie saved his starving lord's life by
serving a piece of his own leg. When
the lord succeeded in becoming the
ruler of a small principality, he
invited his faithful follower to join him.
However, Jie declined his invitation,
preferring to lead a hermit's life with
his mother in the mountains.
谈到清明节,有点历史知识的人,都会联想到历史人物介子椎。据历史记载,在
两千多
年以前的春秋时代,
晋国公子重耳逃亡在外,
生活艰苦,
跟随他的介子椎
不惜从自己的腿上割下一块肉让他充饥。后来,重耳回
到晋国,作了国君(即晋
文公,春秋五霸之一),大事封赏所有跟随他流亡在外的随从,
惟独介子椎拒绝
接受封赏,他带了母亲隐居绵山。
Believing that he could force Jie out
by burning the mountain, the lord
ordered his men to set the forest on
fire. To his consternation, Jie chose
to remain where he was and was burnt to
death. To commemorate Jie,
the lord
ordered all fires in every home to be put out on
the anniversary
of Jie's death. Thus
began the
could be cooked since no fire
could be lit.
晋文公无计可施,
只好放火烧山
,
他想,
介子椎孝顺母亲,
一定会带着
老母出来。
谁知这场大火却把介子椎母子烧死了。
为了纪念介子
椎,
晋文公下令每年的这一
天,禁止生火,家家户户只能吃生冷
的食物,这就是寒食节的来源。
The
considered as part of the Qing Ming
festival. As time passes, the Qing
Ming
festival replaced the
observed
,
the
basic observation of Qing Ming is to remember
one's
elders by making a special effort
to visit their graves, ashes or ancestral
tablets. To make the visit even more
meaningful, some time should be
spent
to remind the younger members of the family of the
lives and
contributions of their
ancestors, and the story of Jie Zi Zhui who choose
death over capitulation.
寒食节
是在清明节的前一天,
古人常把寒食节的活动延续到清明,
久而
久之,
清
明取代了寒食节。
拜介子椎的
习俗也变成了清明扫墓的习俗了。
无论以何种形式
纪念,
为了使纪念祖先的仪式更有意义,
我们应该让年轻一代的家庭成员了解
先
人过去的奋斗历史,当然,还要学习介子椎宁死不屈的气节。
清明的具体日期在仲春和暮春之交
,大约农历
4
月
4
、
5
、
6
日之间。此时,天
气转暖,大地回春,万物复苏,一片生机盎然,家家门口插柳条,祭扫
坟墓和郊
外踏青。农谚中也有
清明忙种
粟
的说法。
作为中国人,对于这些从小看大的习俗我们当然不会陌生,可如果问你“清明”
用英文怎
么讲、你就未必知道了吧!
首先我们要清楚的是:
作为节日的清明节、
和作为节气的清明节,
它们的
英文说
法是不同的。
作为节日的清明
节一般翻译为
或者
,扫墓节或扫墓日。这个翻译着重强调了清明节的重要
习俗
“扫墓”
。
这种说法的好处是,
老外一
听就能大概明白这个节日的背后含义。
也有人把清明节翻译为
,
这是一种站在对方文化角度考虑做出
的
翻译。因为
在西方是确实存在的节日
,一般称为“万灵日”。这
是一个宗教节日,
在有的教派里甚至
不止一天。
教会会在这一天为那些去世后无
法进入天堂的信徒祈
祷,
希望他们早日进入天堂。
其基本意义和清明节相似,
也
是祭奠死者的节日。
另外再谈到作为节气的清明,它被译为
,清洁和明亮。我们
也不难发现,
这种译法强调的是清明时节的气候状况,
和其他节气的翻译出发点
一致。
比如立夏被译为
、
小寒、
大寒
分别被译为
和
。
我们人耳熟能详的一首关于清明的诗就是:
清
明时节雨纷纷,
路上行人欲断魂。
借问酒家何处有
?
牧童遥指杏花村。
清明
杜牧
这首杜牧《清明》各种英文翻译版本也有很多:
1.
许渊冲译
A drizzling rain falls like tears on
the Mourning Day
The mourner's heart is
going to break on his way.
Where can a wineshop be found to drown
his sad hours?
A cowherd points to a
cot 'mid apricot flowers.
2.
吴伟雄译
It drizzles thick and fast on the
Mourning Day,
The mourner travels with
his heart lost in dismay.
When asked
for a wineshop to kill his gloomy time,
A cowboy points at Almond Hamlet far
away.
3.
万昌盛、王僴中译
The ceaseless drizzle drips all the
dismal day,
So broken-hearted fares the
traveler on the way.
When asked where
could be found at avern bower,
Acow boy
points to yonder village of the apricot flower.
4.
杨宪益、戴乃迭译
It drizzles endless during the rainy
season in spring,
Travelers along the
road look gloomy and miserable.
When I
ask a shepherd boy where I can find a tavern,
He points at a distant hamlet nestling
amidst apricot blossoms.
5.
吴钧陶译
It drizzles thick and fast on the Pure
Brightness Day,
I travel with my heart
lost in dismay.
He points at
Apricot Village faraway.
6.
蔡廷干译
The rain falls thick and fast on All
Souls' Day,
The men and women sadly
move along the way.
They ask where
wineshops can be found or where to rest ----
And there the herdboy's fingers Almond-
Town suggest.
7.
孙大雨译
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