Reading Material IV

Reading Material IV

More Exercises

I.

Important Sentences in Reading

Pay attention to Important Sentences in your reading. Why do you think they are important

(as compared to other sentences in the same context)? Copy the sentence patterns you may use in

your own writing.

1.

First/Last Sentence

（首尾句）

2.

Questions/Interrogative Sentence

（问句）

3.

Emphatic Sentence

（强调句）

4.

Sentence with Complicating-Word

（带转折词句）

5.

Sentence with Concluding/Generating- Word

（带总结归纳词句）

6.

Sentence with Special Main Verb

（带动词标志词句）

7.

Simple Sentence

（简单句）

8.

Single- sentence-paragraph Sentence

（独立成段句）

9.

Cause and Effect Sentence

（因果关系句）

10.

Comparative Construction Sentence

（比较结构句）

II.

Special Sentences In Reading (

阅读中的特殊句式

)

In

what

types

of

reading

materials

do

these

sentence

patterns

occur?

Are

you

able

to

understand them? Can you use them effectively to improve your own writing?

1. Ellipsis Sentence (

省略句式

)

1

）

Ellipsis and substitution in compound sentences (

并列句中的省略和代替

)

a)

Tom is, Peter will be, and Harold might be, playing for the school.

b)

The picture wasn

’

t finished. If it had been, I would have brought it.

c)

John must have been playing football and Mary doing her homework.

d)

George will meet my family tonight and will again tomorrow.

e)

Many foreigners like Beijing very much, as everybody does who has been there.

f)

And yet the princess wanted to know. You generally do when you are young.

g)

There is faith that there is a perfect system, if one can only find it, faith too in the ability

of common people to solve problems and in their right to have the good things of life.

2

）

Nominal ellipsis and substitution (

名词词组中的省略和代替

)

a)

A man is called selfish, not for pursuing his own good, but for neglecting his neighbor

’

s.

b)

Shakespeare

’

s characters are really alive, so are some of Jane Austen

’

s.

c)

Their fleet is a weapon of offence rather than of defense.

d)

Ambition is the mother of destruction as well as of evil.

3

）

Ellipsis and substitution in Subordinate Construction (

主从结构中的省略和代替

)

a)

It was clear that Dad could do no more than he was doing already --- farming 80 acres in

addition to holding a full time job.

b)

The

problematic

situation

set

the

interests

of

environmentalists

against

those

of

corporations and of individuals who stood to lose jobs.

1

c)

These

definitions

are

necessary

because

it

is

important

to

emphasize

that

competition

between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is

not.

d)

To

set

down

your

reaction

to

important

words

and

sentences

you

have

read,

and

the

questions they have raised in your mind, is to preserve those reactions and sharpen those

questions.

e)

The role of management in

a service-driven organization is to enhance the culture, set

expectations

of

quality,

provide

a

motivating

climate,

furnish

the

necessary

resources,

help solve problems, remove obstacles, and make sure high quality job performance pays

off.

f)

In their hearts, women think it is men

’

s business to earn money and theirs to spend it ---

if possible during their husband

’

s life, but, at any rate, after his death.

2. Inversion Sentence (

倒装句式

)

1) Partial Inversion (

部分倒装

/

不完全倒装

)

a)

Have you ever seen the play ?

b)

Have you anything like this one ?

c)

Are you a teacher of English ?

d)

Were you to see her, you might tell her to come to my home.

e)

Had you been here, everything would have been all right.

2) Full Inversion (

全部倒装

/

完全倒装

):

a)

Never did I see the like.

否定副词作状语

放句首

要求句子倒装

b)

Little did Jane think that she was never to see Rochester again.

c)

Not only do lies not provide the

“

help ”hoped for by advocates of benevolent deception;

they invade the autonomy of patients and render them unable to make informed choices

concerning their own health, including the choice of whether to be a patient in the first

place.

d)

Only when he has lost his way does he realize that he wasn’t careful enough to make sure

that he really did understand.

e)

The Chinese had trained messengers on horseback and runners before 1100 B. C., as did

the ancient Greeks and Romans.

f)

So impressive was this invention, so difficult was it to exceed this speed limit, that nearly

3,500 years later, when the first mail coach began operating in England in 1784, it

averaged a mere ten mph.

3) there + be

句型的倒装

a)

There cannot be more than a dozen students who know of that.

b)

By and by there came a rumor that he had been the king of a distant country.

4)

方位副词放句首要求倒装

a)

Away went the president to the airport.

b)

Off she goes.

c)

Down came the “white only”

notices in buses, hotels, restaurants, sporting events, rest

rooms and on park benches that once could be found everywhere throughout the South.

2