literature translation 培根

Francis Bacon(1561-1626)

Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Albans

,[1]

KC

(22 January 1561

–

9 April 1626) was an English

philosopher,

statesman

,

scientist,

lawyer,

jurist

,

author

and

pioneer

of

the

scientific

method.

He

served both as

Attorney General

and

Lord Chancellor

of England. Although his political career

ended

in

disgrace,

he

remained

extremely

influential

through

his

works,

especially

as

philosophical advocate and practitioner of the

scientific method

during the

scientific revolution

.

?

Bacon has been called the father of

empiricism

.[2] His works established and popularised

inductive

methodologies

for

scientific

inquiry,

often

called

the

Baconian

method

,

or

simply

the

scientific

method

.

His

demand

for

a

planned

procedure

of

investigating

all

things natural marked a new turn in the rhetorical and theoretical framework for science,

much of which still surrounds conceptions of proper

methodology

today. His dedication

probably led to his death, bringing him into a rare historical group of scientists who were

killed by their own experiments.

?

Bacon

was

knighted

in

1603,

and

created

both

the

Baron

Verulam

in

1618,

and

the

Viscount St Alban in 1621; as he died without heirs both

peerages

became extinct upon

his

death.

He

famously

died

of

pneumonia

contracted

while

studying

the

effects

of

freezing on the preservation of meat.

Position in the history of literature

?

Despite the fanatical claims (and very un-Baconian credulity) of a few admirers, it is a

virtual

certainty

that

Bacon

did

not

write

the

works

traditionally

attributed

to

William

Shakespeare. Even so, the Lord Chancellor’s high place in the history of English literature

as

well

as

his

influential

role

in

the

development

of

English

prose

style

remain

well-established

and

secure.

Indeed

even

if

Bacon

had

produced

nothing

else

but

his

masterful

Essayes

(first

published

in

1597

and

then

revised

and

expanded

in

1612

and

1625), he would still rate among the top echelon of 17th- century English authors. And so

when we take into account his other writings, e.g., his histories, letters, and especially his

major philosophical and scientific works, we

must surely place him in the first rank of

English

literature’s

great

men

of

letters

and

among

its

finest

masters

(alongside

names

like Johnson, Mill, Carlyle, and Ruskin) of non-fiction prose.

Bacon’s Style

?

Bacon’s

style,

though

elegant,

is

by

no

means

as

simple

as

it

seems

or

as

it

is

often

described.

In

fact

it

is

actually

a

fairly

complex

affair

that

achieves

its

air

of

ease

and

clarity

more

through

its

balanced

cadences,

natural

metaphors,

and

carefully

arranged symmetries than through the use of plain words, commonplace ideas, and

straightforward syntax.

(In this connection it is noteworthy that in the revised versions

of

the

essays

Bacon

seems

to

have

deliberately

disrupted

many

of

his

earlier

balanced

effects to produce a style that is actually more jagged and, in effect, more challenging to

the casual reader.)

?

Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.

?

?

何新 译文：读书可以作为消遗，可以作为装饰，也可以增长才干。

?

东旭译文：读书是为了娱乐、装饰和增长才能。

?

水天同译文：读书为学底用途是娱乐、装饰和增长才识。

?

王楫译文：读书可以怡情养性，可以摭拾文采，可以增长才干。

?

王佐良译文：读书足以怡情，足以 傅彩，足以长才

。

?

陈才宇译文：读书可以作为娱乐， 作为装饰，作为能力

的

培养。

?

姚宗立译文：学习以获乐趣，以装饰门面，以求才能。

?

廖运范译文：读书能给人乐趣、文雅和能力。

?

曹明伦译文：读书之用有三：一为 怡神旷心，二为增趣添雅，三为长才益智。

?

陈毅平译文：读书可以娱乐，可以装饰，可以增长才干。

Their

chief

use

for

delight, is

in

privateness

and

retiring;

for

ornament,

is

in discourse;

and

for

ability, is in the judgement and disposition of business

?

水天同译文：

在娱乐上学问底主要

的

用处是幽居养静；

< br>在装饰上学问底用处是辞令；

在长才上学问底用处是对于事务

的

判断和处理。

?

王佐良译文：其怡情也，最见于独 处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；

其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。

?

廖运范译文： 人们独居或退隐

的

时候，最能体会到读书

的

乐趣；谈话

的

时候，最能