-
形容词和副词用法总结及练习
一、形容词的用法:
(一)概念:形
容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征,通常可将形容词分成性质形容
词和叙述形容词两类,
其位置不一定都放在名词前面
。
1.
直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词。
【难点】
2.
叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词,这类形容词大多数以
a
开头的形容词都属于这一
类。例
如:
afraid
,
asleep, awake
,
alone
等。
(二)形容词的种类
1.
品质形容词:英语中大量形容词属于这一类,他们表示人或物的品质,如:
The play was boring .
那出戏很枯燥乏味。
You
have an honest face.
你有一张诚实的脸。
2.
颜色形容词有少数表示颜色的形容词,如:
She had on a blue coat.
她穿了一件蓝色的外套。
3.
-ing
形容词:有大量现在分词正在或已经变为形容词,如:
4.
-id
形容词:它们是由它们的
过去分词变过来的,一般有被动意义,多数为品质形容词,如:
She looked
tired
.
5.
合成形容词:
warm-
hiartid
热心的,
hiart-briaking
令人心碎的
(三)形容词的用法和在句中的位置
1
、
形容词在句中主要可用作:
1
)定语:
What a fini day!
2
)表语:
Shi looks happy .
3
)
宾语的补语(构成合成宾语)
:
Do you think it
nicissary?
你认为这有必要吗?
4
)
状语:
Hi arrivid
homi, hungry and tirid.
他又饿又累的回到家里。
2
、
形容词
在句中的位置:有的形容词放在被修饰的名词之前,称为前置形容词;少数形容词放在被
修饰的
名词之后,称为后置形容词。
1
)当名词被多个前置形容词修饰时,形容词之间有一个先后顺
序问题。一般规则为:
(限定词)
-
一般描绘性形容词
-
表示大小、长短、
高低的形容词
-
表示年龄、新旧的形容词
-
表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词
-
表示物质、材料的形容词
-
(名词)。如:
Thiri is
a famous fini old stoni bridgi niar thi villagi.
村子附近有一座著名的漂亮的古代石桥。
【重点】
2
)当
形容词词组
相当于一个定语从句时,或形容词用来修饰
somibody, somithing, anything, nothing
等的时候,便会出现后置形容词。如:
Thi boy intiristid in music is my
brothir.
对音乐赶兴趣的那个男孩是我弟弟。
Do you havi anything intiristing to
till us?
你有什么趣闻告诉我们吗?
二、副词的用法:
(一)概念:用以
修饰动词、形容词或其他副词
的词叫做副词。例如:
not
(不),
here
(这里),
now
1 / 18
(现在)。不少副词同时也可用作介词或其它词类。如:
Have you read this book before?
(
副词,作时间状语
)
你以前读过这本书吗?
2 / 18
He will arrive before ten o
点钟前到达。
(二)副词的种类
10
'
(介介
OCk. before
ten o
'
c
是
C
介词短语,作时间状语)他将在
1
、时间副词有三类:
always, often, usually, sometimes,
never, ever, hardly
等一般位于系动词、情态动
词和
助动词之后,实之前义动词
1
)表示发生时间的副词:
It
(
s
beginning to rainnow!
现在开始下雨了!
2
)表示频繁程度的副词,也称频度副词
always, often, usually, sometimes,
never, ever, hardly
等一
般位
于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后,实之前义动词
:
She often changes her
mind.
她常改变主意。
3
)还有一些其他表示时间的副词:
He has just had an operation.
他刚动过手术。
2
、
地点副词:
1
)有不少表示地点的副词:
She
is studying abroad.
她在国外留学。
2
)
还有一
些部分与介词同形的副词。它们与介词同形,跟宾语的是介词,否则是副词:
①
用作介词:
Stand up!
起立!
②
用作副词:
A cat
climbed up the tree.
猫爬上了树。
3
)
以
where
构成的副词也是地点副词:
It
(
s the
sameveerywhere.
到处都一样。
重点】
3
、
方式副词
1
)
英语中有大量方式副词,说明行为方式(回答
how
的问题):
How beautifully your wife dances.
你夫人舞跳的真美。
2
)
还有相当多的副词,表示某些情绪:
She smiled gratefully .
她感激的笑了笑。
3
)
还有一些以
-ly
结尾的副词,表示动作发生的状况:
He left the town secretly.
他悄然离开了这座城市。
重点】
4
、
程度副词和强调副词
1
)程度副词可修饰动词,表示
“到某种程度
”:
Is she badly
hurt?
她伤得重吗?
[
说明
]
这类副词除修饰动词外,还可修饰形容
词(
a
)或另一副词
(
b
)
:
a.
fairly simple
相当简单
重点】
2
)
much
是一个特殊的程度副词,它可以:
a.
修饰形容词等:
I
(
m
nomt uch good at singing.
我唱歌不太好。
b.
修饰比较级:
You sing
much better than me.
你比我唱的好多了。
Their
house is much nicer than ours.
他们的房子比我们的好多了。
quite correct
完全正确
b.
wonderfully well
好极了
do it very
quickly
干得很快
3 /
18
重点】
4 / 18
5.
疑问副词和连接副词
1)
疑问副词:
疑问副词用来引导特殊问句:
how: How is your grandmother?
你奶奶身体好吗?
where:
Where does she come
from?
她是哪儿人?
when:
When can you come?
你什么时候能来?
why: Why was he so
late?
他为什么来得这么晚?
2)
连接副词:
< br>连接副词意思和词形都和疑问副词一样,但都引导从句或与不定式连用:
how: Do you know how to start this
machine?
你知道这台机器怎样启动吗?
where: I don
'
t
kno
w
here he lives.
我不知
道他住在哪儿。
(
引导宾语从
句
)
when: Tell me when
you
'
ll be ready
告
诉我你什么时候准备好。
(
引导宾语从句
)
why: That
'
why I came round.
这就是我来的原因。
p>
(
引导表语从句
)
6.
一些其它类型的副词,如表示方向的副词:
Let
'
s
gioside.
咱们到里面去。
Take two steps forward
.
向前走两步。
(
三
)
副词的位置
1.
副词修饰动词时,通常可以放在句首、句中或句末。如:
Usually I do my homework in the evening
.(
句首
)
通常我晚上做家庭作业。<
/p>
I often get up at six.(
句中
)
我常在
6
点起床。
Please
speakslowly.(
句末
)
请慢慢说。
2.
副词修饰形容词或副词时,通常放在形容词或副词的
These flowers are quite
beautiful.
(
在形容词前
)
He works very hard.
(
< br>在副词前
)
他工作很努力。
▲ 但也有例外,如:
She is old enough
to go to school.
(
在形容词后
)
她已到了上学的年龄。
3.
按一般规则
,
< br>既有地点状语又有时间状语时,
地点状语应放在时间状语之前
。如:
前面如:
这些花相当漂亮。
We had a
meeting in the classroom yesterday afternoon.
He watched TV at home last night.
他昨晚在家看电视。
我们昨天下午在教室开了一个会。
[
说明
]
①形容词一般修饰名词,
副词一般修饰动词、
形容词或副词。②一些形容词后加上
-ly
可以变
成副词,女口
slow-slowly, quick-quickly, careful-
carefully
等。
【基础练习】
(
一
)
用所给词的正确形式填空
1.
The Greens are
_______
(happy) to live in this
_
________ (noise) street.
They have decided to move to
another
place.
2.
The panda has been
_ (die) for about two months.
3.
I like her dress. It looks very
________
(beauty).
4.
Don
'
t feel
_
_______
(worry) about your child. The whole
class would be
__________ (friend) to
the
new classmate.
5.
The
_
_______
(finally) exams usually take place at
the end of June.
6.
It '
_____
(possible) for an
ordinary plane to fly to the moon.
7.
It
'
sa ______
(please) trip for all of us.
8.
The children in China are
living a .
_ (color) life.
9.
It was an
_______ (amaze) match. It amazed us.
5 / 18
10.
He felt very
________
(sleep) and fell _
11.
We all had a very
_
_ (sleep) soon when he lay
in bed.
_ (enjoy) time at
the party.
6 / 18
(二)选择最佳答案
(
)1. These oranges taste
_
______ .
A. good
(
B. well
C. to
be good D. to be well
)2. I can
'
t pay __________ as he
asked for.
A. a as high price a high
price
high price
high a
price
(
)3.
—
We are going to
see a film this evening . Why not go with us ?
—
I have to do many things
this evening . I
A. free
B.
glad
C. sorry D. busy
'
m
_______
, you
see .
(
)4.
—
Mum, Bill is
coming to dinner this evening.
—
OK. Let
'
s give him
_
___
to eat.
A. something different
C. anything different
B.
different anything
D. different
something
( )
_
_________
p
erson is talking with the
doctor.
A. ill B. sick C. illness D.
sickness
(
)6. The day is
bright and ______ . Let
'
s
go for a walk .
A. sunny B. dark C.
cloudy D. windy
(
)7. Look !
_______
beautiful that lake is !
A. What B. How C. How a D. What a
(
)8. ---1 won't go to the
Great Wall tomorrow.
---I won't,
______
.
A.
neither B. either C. too D. also
(
)9. He likes to do some reading in the
morning, I like it, _____ ,
A. too B.
either C. neither D. also
(
) maths problem is
_____
difficult _______ nobody can work it out.
A. too; to B. very; that C. so; that D.
very; but
(
)11.
—
What
'
s on the
desk?
—
It
'
_s _____
.
A. a new green bag B. new green bag C.
a green mew bag D. a bag new green
(
)12. The night was very ____ , so he
had to take off his shoes
_ .
A. quiet; quietly B. quite; quickly C.
late; quick D. quite; quietly
()13. He
_______
to school to clean his
classroom.
A. always comes early
C. always early comes
(
)14. I got up ___
t
oday.
A. later
B. more lately
(
C. lately
D. late
B. comes always early
D. come always earlier
)15.
Alice __ goes to school at seven.
A.
usual
B. usually C. hard D. a little
三、形容词的比较等级:
(一)形容词的比较级和最高级的构成
1
?单音节词和少数双音节词的比较级和最高级的构成
情况
构成方式
原级
new
比较级
newer
最高级
newest
一般情况
加
-er
或
-est
7 /
18
long
fine
late
longer
finer
later
earlier
happier
hotter
thinner
fatter
longest
finest
latest
earliest
happiest
hottest
thinnest
fattest
以
e
结尾的词
加
-r
或<
/p>
-st
以“辅音
+y
”
结尾
的词
重读闭音节的词末尾
只有一个辅音字母
变
y
为
i
再加
-er
或
-est
先双写辅音字母,再
加
-er
或
-est
early
happy
hot
thin
fat
2
.
多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加
more
或
most
。如<
/p>
:
原
级
useful
difficult
delicious
【重点】
原级
good/well
bad/ill
many/much
little
far
old
级
最咼级
more useful
more difficult
more delicious
比
较
p>
3
?有几个形容词的比较级和最高级属于不规则
变化
most useful
most difficult
most
delicious
比较级
better
worse
more
less
farther
older
最咼级
best
worst
most
least
farthest
oldest
(二)
形容词比较级的用法
1
?形容词的比较级可以单独使用:
Be more careful next time.
下次小心点。
Which book
is better?
哪本书更好?
2
.
也可以和
than
连用,表示两者相比,
than
后可以跟:
a.
名词或代词:
He is
older than me / I .
他年龄比我大。
b.
动名词:
Skiing is more exciting than skating.
滑雪比滑冰更刺激。
c.
从句:
I was a
better singer than he
was.
我唱歌比他好。
(三)
形容词比较级的修饰语
1
.
形容词比较级前可加
much, a lot, a bit, a little, slightly<
/p>
之类表示程度的状语
:
He
'
s feeling
much better today.
他感至
U
今天好多了。
2
.
也可在比较级前
any, no, some, even,
still
这类词:
Do you
feel any better today?
你今天感觉好一点了吗?
3
.
比较级前还可加其他表示数量的词:
My sister is ten years younger than me.
我妹妹比我小十岁。
【难点】
(四)形容词比较级的特殊用法
1.
和
more
有关的词组
1
)
the more
…
the
more
??越
...
就
越
...
。例如:
The harder
you work
,
the greater
progress you'll make.
越努力,进步越大。
8 /
18
2
)
no
more than
与…一样。例如:
The officials could see no more than
the Emperor.
官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。
3
)
more than
超过,不只是。例如:
There
are more than two thousand people in the hall.
2
.
和
le
ss
有关的词组
1
)
less than
不到… 不太:
It was ready in less than a week.
2
)
n
o less than
多达
不少于
No less than 2 million people came.
至少来了
2
百万人。
3
)
m
ore or less
基本上
大体上
大约
The work is more or less finished.
这项工作基本上完成了。
3.
还有
as +
形容词或副词原级
+
as
1
)
not
…
so/as
…
as
。例如:
He cannot run so/as fast as you.
他没你跑得快。
2
)
当
p>
as
…
as
中间有
名词时采用以下格式:
①
as +
形容词
+ a
+
单数名词
/
;
②
as + manymuch
+
名词。例如:
This is
as good an example as the other is.
这个例子和另外一个一样好。
I
can carry as much paper as you can.
你
能搬多少纸,我也能。
3
)
表
p>
示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时,放在
as
的前面。例如:
This room is twice as big as that one.
这房间的面积是那间的两倍。
Your room is the same size as mine.
你的房间
和我的一样大。
五)
形容词最高级用法
1.
the +
最高级
+
比较范围
1
)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词
the
,例如:
The Sahara is the biggest desert in the
world.
撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。
[
说明
]
形容词
most
前面没有
the
,不表示最高级的含义,只表示
非
常
。例如:
It is a most important problem. =It is
a very important problem.
这是个很重要的问题
◎注意:使用最
高级要注意将主
语包括在比较范围内。
(错)
Tom is the
tallest of his three brothers.
(对)
Tom is the
tallest of the three brothers.
2
)
下列词可修饰最高级,
by
far, far, much, mostly,
almost
。例如:
This
hat is nearly / almost the biggest.
这帽子差不
多是最大的了。
◎注意:序数词通常只修饰最高级。例如:
Africa is the second largest
continent.
非洲是第二大洲。
3
)
最高级的意义有时可以用比较级表示出来。例如:
Mike is the most intelligent in his
class.
或者:
Mike
is more intelligent than any other students in his
class.
六)
形容词最高级的特殊用法
1.
形容词最高级可用作表语,这时定冠词
the
可以省略。
例句:
I think her
plan is best.
我认为她的计划最好。
2.
形容词最高级还可和
at
构成许多短语作状语,如
at best, at least, at
most
等。
例句:
I
'
II be with you at latest by
ten.
我最迟十点钟就来陪你。
9
/ 18
基础练习】
(
) 1 Your room is ______ than mine.
A. three time big
B. three
times big
C. three times bigger D.
bigger three times
(
) 2
When spring comes, it gets ______ .
A.
warm and warm
C. warmer and warmer
(
B. colder and colder
D. shorter and shorter
)3
_____ he
read the book,
_____ he
got in it.
A. The more; the more interesting
C. The more; the more interested
B. The less; the more interesting
D. More; more interested
(
)4 I like
____
one of the two books.
A. the
older B. oldest C. the oldest D. older
(
) 5 Which do you like
_______
, tea or coffee?
A.
well B. better
C. best D. most
(
) 6 This work is
_
______ for me than for you.
A. difficult B. most difficult C. much
difficult D. more difficult
(
) 7 Who jumped
_
______ of all?
A. far B. farther C. farthest D. the
most far
(
) 8 Li Lei is
_
_____
student in
our class.
A. tall B. taller C. tallest
D. the tallest
(
) 9 Tom is
one of
_____ boys in our class.
A. tallest B. taller C. the tallest B.
the tall
(
) 10 English is
one of
_______
spoken in the
world.
A. the important languages B.
the most important languages
C. most
important language D. the most important language
(
)11. Most of the woods
_
_____
been taken
good care of.
A. are B. is C. has D.
have
(
)12 I'm not
_______ to lift the heavy box.
A. short enough B. enough tall C.
health enough D. strong enough
(
)13 Which is
______ , Li Lei
or Wu Tong?
A. strong B. strongest C.
stronger D. the strongest
(
)14 Do you have
_
_____ to tell us?
A. something new B. new something C.
anything new D. new anything
(
) 15. Most of the people in Guangdong
are getting _____ .
A. more and rich
B. more rich and more rich
C. richer and richer D. rich and rich
四、副词的比较等级:
一
)
概念:副词和形容词一样,也有原级、比较级和最高级三个等级。其构成
方式有规则变化和不规则
变化两种情况。规则变化的一般规律
是:单音节词的比较级和最高级在词尾加
-er
或
-est;
多音节词以
及
-ly
结尾的副词
< br>(
early
除
外
)
,前面加
more
或
p>
most.
。不规则的变化式只能采用
<
/p>
各个击破
的办法
去记忆。
1
)规则变化
原级
soon
比较级
sooner
最咼级
soonest
10 /
18
loud
fast
wide
early
happily
louder
faster
wider
earlier
more happily
more carefully
loudest
fastest
widest
earliest
most happily
most carefully
carefully
2
)不规则变化
原级
well
badly
ittle
much
far
比较级
better
worse
less
more
farther
(距离)
further
(程度)
最咼级
best
worst
least
most
farthest
furthest
(二)
副词的比较级的用法
1
、
单独使用:
Try to do
better next time.
下次争取干好一点。
He' II come back sooner or
later.
他迟早会回来的。
Please speak more
slowly.
请讲慢一点。
2
、
和
than
一起使用
:
He swims
better than I do.
他游泳游得比我好。
Can you do any better than
that?
你能不能干的好一些?
He arrived earlier than usual.
他至
U
的比平时早。
3
、
比
较级前可有状语修饰:
You must work much
faster.
你必须大大加快干活的速度。
Can you come over a bit more quickly?
你能稍稍快点来吗?
4.
as
…
a
和
not so
…
a
结构
这两个结构也可结合副词使用:
1
)
as<
/p>
…
as
可用在肯定句中,表示
像…一样”后面的副词要用原级:
She can run as fast as a
deer.
她能跑的像鹿一样快。
2
)
在
p>
否定句中,
as
…
as
和
so
…
as
都可以用:
I don
'
t go
there as much as I
use
我现在到那里不象过去那么多了。
I didn
'
t do
as
(
so
)
well as I
should.
做的不如我应做的那么好。
3
)
这
p>
种句子中也可以有一个表示程度的状语:
She can read twice as fast as he
does.
她阅读的速度比他快一倍。
(三)
数不带定冠词
He laughs
best who laughs last.
(
谚语
)
谁笑在最后谁笑的最好。
Of the four of us, I sang
(
the
)
worst.
我们四人中我唱的最差。
(四)
副词比较级和最高级的一些特
殊用法:副词比较级和最高级还可用在一些特别结构或短语中
1
)
more and more
越来越
…:
It rained more
and more heavily.
雨下得越来越大了。
副词最高级的用法:副词最高级可修饰动词,前面多
the:<
/p>
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