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Unit1
Part1
1.
more or
less:
imprecise but fairly close to
correct; almost but not exact.
2.
scrupulous
: careful; exact;
strict.
3.
afield
: far away from home
or one
’
s usual surroundings.
4.
rife
: widespread; common;
excessively abundant.
5.
malapropism
:
the
unintentional
misuse
of
a
word
by
confusion
with
one
that
sounds
similar.
6.
coercion
:
the
act
of
compelling
by
force
of
authority;
using
force
to
cause
something
7.
epitomize
: embody the
essential characteristics of or be a typical
example of
8.
disprove
: prove to be false
9.
expire
: terminate; conclude;
come to an end
10.
indigent
: poor enough to
need help from others
Part2
1.
“
How can I know what I think
till I see what I
say?
”
(1.16)
“
Only when I have found the
right words can I describe what is in my mind/what
my ideas exactly
are.
”
2.
The exact use
of language gives us mastery over the material we
are dealing
with.(1.19)
The
correct use of language allows us to acquire a
thorough understanding of what
we are
currently doing.
3.
But words that
are very similar in meaning have fine shades of
differences,
and a student needs to be
alive to these differences.(1.54)
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But slight differences can
still be found in words that are very close in
meaning,
and a student should learn to
be quick in detecting such differences.
4.
A good carpenter is not distinguished
by the number of his tools, but by the
craftsmanship with which he uses
them.(1.90)
The number of tools alone
does not make a good carpenter; and it is the
skills he
has acquired that can.
Part3:Translation
1.
在举出许多事实并列出一些统计
数字后，
他终于把他的论点说清楚了。
（
drive
）
After citing many facts and giving a
number of statistical figures, he finally drove
home his point.
2.
差不多花了半年功夫，我们才完
成了那个研究项目。
（
more or
less
）
It took us
half a year more or less to carry through the
research project.
3.
他说的话如此微妙，我们很难理
解他的真实意图。
（
subtle
）<
/p>
What he said was so subtle
that we could hardly make out his true intention.
4.
他的
新书一针见血地审视了当代的社会问题。
（
squarely<
/p>
）
His new book
looks squarely at the contemporary social
problems.
5.
今日的年轻一代对互联网的最新知识很关注。
（
be alive to
）
The
younger generation today is very much alive to the
latest information found
on the
Internet.
6.
外语是不是在童年更容易学好？这是一个观点问题（
a
matter of
）
It is
a matter of opinion whether a foreign language is
more easily learned in one
’
s
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childhood or otherwise.
7.
在挫
折面前千万不要丧失信心；鼓起勇气坚定
不移地去克服它。
（<
/p>
take
courage
）
Never lose heart in the face of a
setback; take courage and deal with it squarely.
8.
适量
的米饭、肉类、蔬菜、水果构成均衡的饮食。
（
constit
ute
）
Adequate
amounts of rice, meat, vagetables, and fruit
constitute a balanced diet.
Unit2
Part1
1.
economy
: reduction in cost;
careful management of money, avoid waste
2.
motive
: reason(for an
action);something that makes a person choose to
act in a
particular way.
3.
manoeuvre:
move skilfully; drive a car
4.
paradox
:
a
statement
that
seems
impossible
because
it
contains
two
opposing
ideas that are both
true, like
“
more haste, less
speed” and
“
The more you learn, the
less you know
”
5.
entail
:
have
as
a
logical
consequence;
involve,
or
imply
as
a
necessary
part
or
result
6.
insularity and
self-containment
----
insularity: the
state of being isolated or detached (here)narrow-
mindedness
self-containment:one
who
does
not
seem
to
need
other
people
or
show
their
feelings; self-
absorbedness; selfishness; self-contentedness
7.
preponderance
: a superiority
in number or amount
8.
wary
: watchful, cautious, or
alert
9.
alienate
: cause to become
unfriendly or hostile; estrange
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Part2
1.
Economy
is
one
powerful
motive
for
camping,
since
after
the
initial
outlay
upon equipment, or through hiring it,
the total expense can be far less than
the cost of hotel(1.1)
To
spend
less
money
is
a
major
reason
why
people
choose
to
go
camping,
because once
the(camping) equipment is purchased or rented, the
total cost can be
much less compared
with that spent on staying in a hotel.
2.
Granted, a
snobbery of camping itself, based upon equipment
and techniques,
already exist; but it
is of a kind that, if he meets it, he can readily
understand
and deal with(1.15)
It
is true that people, who are better equipped and
more skilled at camping,
might feel
superior to those who are r, snobbery demonstrated
in such
circumstances is accepted more
easily and will not be taken seriously.
3.
The
opinion
does
not
survive
experience
of
a
popular
Continental
camping
place.(1.29)
When you go and see a popular
Continental camping place for yourself, you
will find this argument is not true.
4.
Granted, a preponderance of German is a
characteristic that seems common
to
most
Mediterranean
sites;
but
as
yet
there
is
no
overwhelmingly
specialized patronage(1.32)
It
is
typical
of
most
Mediterranean
camping
sites
that
Germans
from
the
majority of the travelers there, but so
far none of these sites have been visited by
travelers of one exclusive nationality.
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Part3 Translation
1.
我觉得曾见过他，但一时想不起
他的名字（
escape
）
I thought I had met him before, but his
name just escaped me at the moment.
2.
阔别多年，他已经不再是我记忆
中的那个纯真少年，而变成一个老于世故的
生意人。
（
sophisticated
）
After
years
of
separation,
he
was
no
longer
the
innocent
lad
that
I
had
remembered; rather he had turned into a
sophisticated businessman.
3.
“占领华尔街”运动的起因之一
是美国国内日益扩大的贫富差距（
affluent
）
One of the motives of the
“
Occupy Wall
Street” campaign
was the
ever-widening
gap between the affluent
and the impoverished in the U.S.
4.
由于这个灯塔附近有一个海军基
地，外国游客不得登塔。
（
deny
）
Foreign
visitors
are
denied
access
to
the
light-
house
as
there
is
a
naval
base
nearby.
5.
吸毒几乎毫无例外地和盗窃、卖淫联系在一起。
（
go hand in hand
）
Almost
without
exception,
drug
addiction
goes
hand
in
hand
with
robbery
and
prostitution.
6.
这个高尔夫俱乐部不对外开放，只为
VIP
会员服务。
（
exclusively
）
This golf club is not
open to the public; it serves exclusively VIP club
members.
7.
为讨得皇
帝欢心，这几个皇妃无所不为。
（
vie
）
In vying for the
king
’
s
affection
and favour, the imperial concubines resorted to
every means possible.
8.
他小时候被狗咬过，所以对狗一直有点戒心。
（
wary of
）
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He was bitten by a dog when
a child, so he has been wary of dogs ever since.
Unit3
Part1
1.
knack
: a nature/special
skill, talent or ability; trick or ruse
2.
awry
:
turned
or
twisted
toward
one
side;
askew;
away
from
the
expected
or
proper direction; wrong
3.
staggering
: shocking;
surprising; amazing; astounding
4.
vestige
: the smallest
possible amount/trace/remains
5.
prodigy
: an unusually gifted
or intelligent(young) person
6.
recalcitrant
: unruly;
difficult to manage, handle, control or operate
7.
a house of
cards
: a weak and fragile structure,
plan, or organization; a bubble
8.
ineffable
: incapable of
being expressed in words; indescribable;
unspeakable
Part2
1.
In
school,
though
his
teachers
saw
no
special
talent
in
him,
the
signs
were
already there.(1.23)
In
school,
his
teachers
did
not
find
him
any
more
distinguished
in
intelligence
than
all
his
classmates,
but
his
genius
was
actually
beginning
to
exhibit itself.
2.
Thus
we
got
to
know
merely
the
man
and
the
friend,
but
also
the
professional.(1.43)
And
so,
we
came
to
know
him
as
a
friend
and,
more,
as
a
man
of
special
expertise/knowledge
and genius in the science.
3.
The intensity
and depth of his concentration were fantastic.
When battling a
recalcitrant problem,
he worried it as an animal worries its prey.(1.45)
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He
had
a
penetrating
power
to
direct
all
his
thoughts
toward
one
particular
subject. When he
was tackling a difficult problem, his unquenchable
thirst for a
solution was as strong as
the eager desire of a hungry wolf for food.
4.
A
dreamy, faraway and yet inward look would come
over his face. There was
no appearance
of concentration, no furrowing of the brow-only a
placid inner
communion.(1.50)
There, on his face, revealed from his
inner heart an expression that was so
intangible and so imperceptible. He did
not look like being lost in thought, with his
brows knitted, and he was just
meditating calmly within himself.
Part3: Translation
< br>1.
他按了下汽车喇叭以引起路上行人的警觉（
aler
t
）
He honked his
car horn to alert the pedestrians.
2.
信息工程的迅速发展是人类努力做出尝试的一个突出事例。
（
endeavour
）
The
fast
development
of
information
technology
is
an
outstanding
example
of
human
endeavour.
试图找到恰
当的语言来表达她对老师的感激。
（
grope
）
Mary groped for the
appropriate words to express her indebtedness to
her teacher.
4.
学
校校长以平易的话语向年轻人传递了富有挑战性的信息。
（
co
nvey
）
The school
principal
’
s plain words
conveyed a message of challenge to the young
people.
5.
不要胡乱摆弄电线，要不然会引起电线短路。
（
te
mper with
）
Don
’
t temper with
the wires, or you may cause a short circuit.
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6.
他自以为在竞争中可以战胜任何
对手，但是过分的自信使他失败了。
（
fail
vt.
）
He
thought
he
could
beat
everyone
at
the
competition,
but
his
excessive
self-confidence failed him.
7.
他说的话似乎简单明了，但是其中暗含的意思我们没能理解
。
（
fathom
）
< br>
What he said seemed simple and
clear, but the meaning implied we could hardly
fathom.
8.
他试图把小组漫无目的的谈话引导到一些有建设性的话题上去。
（
steer
）
He
tried to steer the group
’
s
random talk towards some constructive subjects.
Unit4
Part1
1.
adventure
: an unusual or exciting
experience: an adventure in dining
2.
curiosity
: an eager desire to know or
learn;
inquisitiveness
3.
rudiments
:
the
first
simple
facts
or
rules
of
anything:
to
learn
the
rudiments
of
cookery
4.
fanatic
:
a
person
whose
enthusiasm
or
zeal
for
something
is
extreme
or
beyond
normal limits
5.
underline
: emphasize or cause to stand
out; underscore
6. balk
:
stop or turn away abruptly or unexpectedly; avoid
deliberately
7. essential
truth
: absolute truth
8.
relish
:(n) pleasure; enjoyment; an
appetite for something; a strong appreciation or
liking: a relish for luxury
(v)take pleasure in; like; enjoy
.
Part2
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1.
When I came up to Berkeley for the
entrance examinations at the University
of California I failed in Greek, Latin,
and enough other subjects to be put off
for a year(1.1)
I
went
to
Berkeley
to
take
my
entrance
examinations
at
the
University
of
California, in which I
was not able to pass Greek and Latin exams. This
constituted
reason enough for the
college to refuse to enroll
me, and I
had to wait for another
year before
taking another chance.
2.
They are the boys(and they become the men)that the
schools,colleges,and the
world are made
for(1.7)
They
are
the
kind
of
kids
(and
they
are
now
grown-up
students)
the
schools,
colleges and the
world would be glad to accept, all prepared to be
taught as they are
told to.
one tried to interest me in them; they
were put before me as things that I
had
to have to get into college.
Nobody
attempted
to
make
me
interested
in
the
subject
and
topics
under
discussion, which were exactly what I
needed to learn at college.
4.
“
Go to, boy.
the world is yours. Nothing is done, nothing is
known. The greatest
poem
isn
’
t written, the best
railroad isn
’
t build yet,
the perfect state hasn
’
t
been
thought of. Everything remains to
be done-right,
everything.
”<
/p>
(1.75)
“
Come on,
boy. The world belongs to
you.
It’s
just like a blank sheet of paper
with
everything waiting to be explored
and discovered. The most beautiful picture is yet
to
be painted and the most melodious
song to be composed. There is so much remaining
to be accomplished. The world needs to
be perfected.
”
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Part3 Translation
1.
您能理解他那夸夸其谈的长篇大论的意义吗？
(make
out)
Can you make out the meaning of
his long-winded harangue?
2.
他正在为考试结果担忧，因此根
本没用心听访问教授的讲课。
（
not
in
the
least
）
Being
worried
about
his
exam
results,
he
was
not
in
the
least
attentive
to
the
visiting
professor
’
s lecture.
3.
是儿
童还是成人能更容易地在短期内学会一门外语的基础知识？这是一个
有争议的问题。
（
rudiments
）
< br>
Is
it
easier
to
for
a
child
or
a
grown-up
to
acquire
the
rudiments
of
a
foreign
language in a short
period of time? This is a controversial question.
4.
他所说的关于短训班的事对你有吸引力吗？（
appeal
to
）
Did what he
said about the short-term training course appeal
to you?
5.
史蒂夫。乔布斯的传纪鼓舞着他在研究工作中作出更多有创意的努力。
（<
/p>
inspire
）
The
biography
of
Steve
Jobs
inspired
him
to
greater
creative
efforts
in
doing
research.
6.
对西部贫困地区没有机会接受正
常教育的孩子我们应该不
闻不问吗？
（
indifferent
）
Should
we
be
indifferent
to
the
children
who
are
denied
the
opportunity
of
a
normal education in the impoverished
regions in the west?
7.
校委会最近作出的决定对我们的课程设置没有什么影响。
（
bear on
）
The
decision
made
recently
by
the
school
board
had
little
to
bear
on
our
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curriculum.
8.
这条船造得很牢固，经得起任何风暴的袭击（
withstand
）
The
ship was so strongly built that it can withstand
any storm.
Unit5
Part1
1.
attributed to:
considered or believed
to be done or caused by
2.
savant:
a learned man/scholar; someone
who knows a lot about a subject; someone
who has mental problems and may have
lower intelligence than average, but can do
one thing very well, such as adding
numbers very quickly.
3.
corollary:
something
that
is
the
direct
result
of
something
else;
a
practical
consequence that follows naturally.
4. shoddy:
cheap and
inferior(in quality);made or done cheaply and
badly.
5. forestall:
prevent
from happening or arising; make impossible; act in
advance of;
deal with ahead of time
6. do the trick:
perform the
function; make/be effective
7.
seaworthiness:
fitness for a sea
voyage; fitness to traverse the seas
:
produce or call forth
(emotions,feelings,and responses)
9.
fashion:
make something from something,
using hands or only a few tools
10.
alienation from the company and its products:
a feeling of not belonging to the
company and not being involved in the
production of goods
Part2
of human existence consist of efforts
aimed at making sure that things
don
’
t go wrong,
fall apart, break down, or stop running until a
decent interval
has elapsed after their
manufacture.(1.5)
We have, for most of
our lifetime, been striving hard to prevent our
things from
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malfunctioning or getting
broken down at least till after a relatively
longer period of
their application.
gadgets
and
sampling
alone
will
never
do
the
trick
since
these
items
are
also subject to
Murphy
’
s Law.(1.10)
To
avoid
the
effect
of
Murphy
’
s
Law,
one
cannot
depend
on
special
quality-control instruments and
scientific sampling procedures only, because they
are
also governed by the same law.
unskilled
or
uncaring
hands
a
handmade
basket
or
boat
can
fall
apart
as
quickly as baskets or boats made by
machines.(1.24)
Machine-made
and handmade basket
or boats
alike may soon be broken
when
put to application by
an inattentive and reckless user.
lager the company and the more complex
its division of labor, the greater
the
sum of uncaring relationships and hence the
greater the effect of
Murphy
’
s
Law.(1.51)
In large
companies with a more refined work-sharing system,
relations between
people tend to be
less so cared for, and
Murphy
’
s Law, therefore, is
likely to be more
applicable.
Part3
Translation
1.
无法回避的严酷现实浇灭了他们
对美好未来的浪漫憧憬。
（
dispel
）
The harsh reality they
could not evade dispelled all their romantic hopes
for a rosy
future.
< br>2.
由于不可预料的天气，我们的运动会将延期到下周举行。
（
postpone
）
Our
sports
meet
will
be
postponed
to
next
week
because
of
the
unpredictable
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weather.
3.
凡是来参观展览会的人，不论是谁都必须出示他
.
她的身份证。
（
no
matter
）
Every
visitor
to
this
exhibition
must
show
his/her
identity
card
no
matter
who
he/she
is.
4.
旧城中心的改造计划要
得到市政府的批准。
（
be subject
to
）
The
renovation
plan
for
the
old
city
centre
is
subject
to
the
approval
of
the
municipal government.
5.
一次又一次的挫折和失败并没有使他的希望破灭。
（
wither
）
The experience of repeated setbacks and
failures did not wither away his hopes.
6.
电子邮件传递信息又快又便利，
已经在相当大的程度上替代了传统的邮递。
（
replace<
/p>
）
E-mail is so
quick and convenient in sending message that it
has already replaced
traditional mail
service to a large extent.
7.
看到长城使他产生一种惊讶的感觉。
（
evoke
）
The
sight of the Great Wall evoked a sense of wonder
in him.
8.
质量控制工具
的保养是会很昂贵的。
（
maintenance
）
The maintenance of
quality-control instruments can be very costly.
Unit6
Part1
sive:
making an all-out effort to win or
succeed; competitive(an aggressive
basketball player); vigorously
energetic, the use of initiative and
forcefulness(an
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]
aggressive salesperson)
: sound
/proved/reliable/dependable (solid facts/
evidence/citizen)
nize:
look at critically or
searchingly, or in minute detail
4.
ingredient:
an element in a mixture or
compound
e:
use up
(supplies, money, energy, etc);reduce or exhaust;
empty entirely or
partially
6. roundup:
a collection or
summary of news items, such as a weather roundup,
news
roundup, etc.(Tune in at eleven
for a roundup of the day
’
s
news);the act of gathering
together
livestock, esp. cattle, so that they may be
branded, counted, or sold
7.
envision:
imagine
something
that
you
think
might
happen
in
the
future,
esp.
something that will be good
8. caricature:
a
representation of a person in literature or art
made so that parts of his
body appear
more noticeable, odd, or amusing
9.
transmit:
send or convey from one
person or place to another; convey by or as if
by inheritance or heredity
Part2
news
media
seem
to
operate
on
the
philosophy
that
all
news
is
bad
news.(1.15)
The
belief
that
all
news
is
bad
news
seems
to
be
the
working
principle/concept
upon which day-to-day media activities
are carried out.
zation is
a lot more than the sun total of its
catastrophes.(1.24)
Events about
intellectual, cultural, and moral
refinement/advancement/progress in
our
culture/civilization today prevail over negative
events.
3.I
am
not
suggesting
that
“positive”
news
be
contrived
as
an
antidote
to
the
disasters on page one.(1.35)
I am not saying that arrangements
should be made, as a remedy, to have the front
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page devoted exclusively to
the reportage of
“positive”
news
.
world is
a splendid combination of heaven and hell, and
both sectors call
for attention and
scrutiny.(1.39)
There are good
happenings and bad happenings perceived in this
world of today,
which should be given
equal importance to in both our observation and
study.
Part3
Translation
1.
如果对这台器械有不清楚的地方
，
你可以写信到我们总公司去询问。
（
address
）
If there
is anything you are not clear about the device,
address your inquiry to our
head
office.
2.
在执行计划之
前，我们最好把它的每一个方面考虑仔细，看看是否切实可行。
（
scrutinize
）
Before we put the new plan into
practice, we had better scrutinize every aspect of
it to make sure that it is practicable.
3.
新的规章执行后，我们预期这地
区的治安情况会有好转。
（
a
change
for
the
better
）
We expect that there will be a change
for the better in the security situation of
this area after the new regulations are
implemented.
4.
不
要把他的话当真。他不过是开个玩笑而已。
（
literall
y
）
Don
’
t take his
words
literally. He’s
just
cracking a joke.
5.
< br>在农业中应用固炎作用（
nitrogen fixation
< br>）的前景良好。
（
prospect
）
The prospect of
employing nitrogen fixation in agriculture is
promising.
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6.
他想发明一种不留痕迹的涂改液
，但却以失败而告终。
（
contrive
）
His
attempt
at
contriving
a
correcting
fluid
which
leaves
no
marks
on
paper
ended in failure.
7.
那个外国人不会说汉语，他用手势表达他的要求，但是无法把意思表达出来。<
/p>
（
get sth.
across
）
The
foreigner who did not speak Chinese gestured to
make a request, but he just
couldn
’
t get his
idea across.
8.
他
不考虑这件事有多么紧迫而断然拒绝，不留一丝余地。
（
onc
e and for all
）
Without considering the urgency of the
matter, he gave us a flat refusal, once and
for all.
Unit 7
Part1:
1.
dramatic
(
line29):sudden, surprising and notice.
e.g. dramatic development/rise/change
2.
clutch
< br>(to/onto/at)(line31):hold something tightly lest it should get lost
e.g.
1)Terrified by the noise ,the small child
clutched(onto)her mother
’
s
hand.
2) Feeling himself drowning, the man
clutched at a straw.
3.
transience
(line 33):short-
time/brief continuity as in
“
the transience of
fame
”
e.g.
1)Kate, a famous English poet, expresses the
notion of the permanence of art
and
transience of human life in his masterpiece
“
Ode on Grecian
Urn
”
2)Some people believe that each
birthday is another step toward the end, and
what we celebrate at birthday gathering
is not only our growth, but our transience.
4. embed
（
in/with
usu. pass.
）
(line43): fix
firmly and deeply in (a mass of surrounding
matter);cause to be an integral part of
a surrounding whole.
e.g. 1)a gold crown embedded with
jewels.
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2) That
terrible day will be forever embedded in my
memory.
5. boutique
(line64): a small shop that sells
fashionable clothes ,shoes, jewellery, etc.
6. sumptuous
(line66):very
impressive and expensive; luxurious and showing
wealth
e.g. 1)a sumptuous
feast/palace.
2)
The guests turned up in sumptuous evening gowns.
7. devil-may-care
(line75):easygoing/carefree;
careless/reckless/unconcerned
e.g. 1)He
drive that sports car of his in a devil-may-care
manner.
2)
Seeing his son
’
s
“
devil-may-
care
”
sort of attitude
towards the problem, he
suddenly sank
into his armchair.
8.
mentality
(lin80):the state or quality
of mental or intellectual ability; a way of
thinking; a habitual or characteristic
mental attitude(that determines how one
interprets and responds to situations.)
e.g. 1)His weird mentality/get-rich-
quick mentality.
2)
I can
’
t understand the
mentality of anyone who would do a terrible thing
like
that.
nt
(line84):take the place or
move into the position of a person or thing, often
by tricks or deceit.
e.g. 1)Smith supplanted
Miller as CEO after Miller left.
2)The computer
has supplanted the slide rule.
Part2:
girls adore Barbie
because she is highly realistic and eminently
dress-update.(l.3)
The reason why
Barbie appeals so much to little girls is that she
looks
extremely like a real person in
real life, who can be dressed upin a way they wish
to.
2. The ocean
of man-made physical objects that surrounds us is
set within a
larger ocean of natural
objects. But increasingly, it is the
technologically
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