河南历史中英文介绍

是唐高宗李治所创建，

它是龙门石窟中规模最大，

唐代雕刻艺术中最具有代表

性的作品。奉先寺造像布局为一佛、二弟子、二菩萨、二天 王、二力士等九尊大像。主像卢舍那大佛是

整个石窟最大的一尊佛像，通高

17.14

米。

古阳洞

位于龙门西山南段中部，

是龙门石窟开凿最早、

内容最丰富而规模宏大的一座石窟。

它开凿于公元

493

年或此之前。古阳洞内窟顶 及其余部位都布满了大小不等的各式各样的佛龛，南北两壁有计划的安

排成三列大型佛龛 ，且佛龛大多数都刻有“造像铭”，统计多达

800

多品，因而 古阳洞又是中国石窟保

存造像铭最多的一座洞窟。

药方洞

位于龙门西山南部。

在这个洞内因刻有古代的药方，

所以称为药方洞。

药方洞始建于北魏晚期，

经

东魏和北齐，至唐初仍有雕刻，药 方洞是龙门具有北齐造像风格的唯一大型洞窟。

另外在东山山 腰上还有一座香山寺，

该寺始建于北魏熙平元年

(

公元

516

年

)

其建筑古朴浑厚，

掩

映 于苍松翠柏之中。

唐文宗太和六年

(

公 元

832

年

)

，

白居易将给密友元稹撰写墓志铭的润笔费，

捐修香

12

年所写的八百首诗，编为十卷，取名《白氏洛中集》，放在香 山寺藏经堂内。白居易曾常住寺内，自号

“香山居士”。白居易死后家人便把他埋葬于此

Longmen Grottoes tourguide word

Luoyang, is the historical famous city which the Chinese and foreigners

well- known. She has glorious historical, bright cultural and the multitudinous cultural

relic historical site. In order to cause fellow guests at Luoyang period can has the

further understanding to this ancient city historical culture and the historical site, is

riding in a carriage the scenic spot visit on the way, I Luoyang's history and the

Longmen Grottoes approximate situation, will make the simple introduction to

everybody. Luoyang is located west Henan Province, theYellow River middle reaches

Nanan. Because of is situated at north shore the Luohe river to acquire fame, Italy is

positive for the Luo river water.

Luoyang in the history once was the city which the multitudinous dynasty founds

a capital, is known to be

historical perpetual flow, Luoyang once the long time took Chinese the politics,

cultural, the economical center. Today, we visit the world famous Longmen

Grottoesthen are one of multitudinous cultural relic historical sites.

The Longmen Grottoes, in the Luoyang Nan jiao's Dragon Gate mountain pass

place, are apart from the urban district 12.5 kilometers, too and19 years opens cutting

from Northern Wei Dynasty, up to now some more than 1,500 years history, it with

the Dunhuang Mogao Caves, the Datong cloud hillock rock cave, together has

composed our country famous three big rock caves art treasure house.

Dragon Gate, in the Spring and Autumn Period Warring States time called

Xiangshan (Dongshan) (Xishan) the thing confronts with Longmen Mountain, the

Iraqi water from the average, has formed a grand gate

Latter because is in the Sui

and Tang dynasties empire south, also calls Dragon Gate.

So-called

perhaps natural forms the pit hole, with hides or stores food and the thing. As early as

in primitive society, the people have used the natural pit hole description

zoomorphism and thelife scene, however by the phenomenon appears and the place

which as the buddhist, the clergy worships buddha and leads a pious life, actually is

starts Buddhism after ancient India to appear.

As a result of wooded mountain lonesome and quiet, mystical, rock cave warm

in winter and cool in summer, the rock cave uses the temple convenience according to

Shan Diaozao which the bricks and stones builds to be more durable than, therefore

appeared the collection building, the drawing, the vulture in ancient India has chiselle

d

artto accomplish

This kind of art, does missionary work the activity along with

the clergy to spread to our country the border area and the inland, with our country

national characteristics and the traditional each kind of artistic technique style fusion

connection, becomes our country one kind of unique carving, the colored drawing on

pottery craft. We must look today the Longmen Grottoes are one of in our country

multitudinous temple group treasures.

The Longmen Grottoes group carving, the advantage which said besides front,

but also has the noticeable natural condition. The Iraqi water both banks cliff all

belonged to the Paleozoic Era cambrian period and the Ordovician discipline lime

rock layer. Its lithical hard, the structure is close, not suitably makes decent and the

big area suits very much to the artistic statue, compares with other granulated

substance rocks, has is suitable for preserved the advantage.

After Luoyang Longmen Grottoes opening cutting is continues Gansu

theDunhuang rock cave, the Shanxi Datong's cloud hillock rock cave an large-scale

group which opens cutting by the imperia lfamily, constructs to Northern Wei

Dynasty too with the year, successively has been through repeatedly the Eastern Wei

Dynasty, Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Qi Dynasty, the Northern ZhouDynasty,

Sui and Tang dynasties, five generations delays until the Qing Dynasty. Around more

than 400 years. Large-scale, effectiveness builds calculates roughly about for 150

years, separately appears in Northern Wei Dynasty (occupies for more than 40 years)

(to approximately compose about for 110 years) with Sui and Tang dynasties the time.

The Longmen Grottoes

niche for a statue of Buddha, the statue spread all over along

Iraqi water both banks in the Dragon Gate thing two mountains on, the north and

south long amount to 1 kilometer.

Fellow friends, we approximately use 1.5 - 2 hours time at the Longmen

Grottoes visit, in this, our each minute may see to 1,000 images of Buddha. According

to 1962 Dragon Gate preservation of cultural relics statistics, two mountains extant

holes niche more than2,100. Size statue 100,000, pagoda 40, statue prefatory remarks

inscribed text approximately more than 2,870 blocks. Statue by Northern Wei

Dynasty (Eastern Wei Dynasty, Northern Qi Dynasty), Sui,Tang primarily. Northern

Wei Dynasty approximately composes about 30%, Sui and Tang dynasties account for

about 60%. The Longmen Grottoesbiggest statue for presents first temple Lu Shenei

the

Buddha. TheLongmen Grottoes group, the majority of centralisms in Iraqi water

West bank on, including 7 large-scale caverns. Because of the Dragon Gate

Dongshan's rock layer compared to Xishan's thin, the inconvenient vulture chisels the

large-scale statue. In the Longmen Grottoes, the Northern Wei Dynasty time cavern

has representatively is in the ancient positive hole, Binyang the hole, the lotus flower

hole and so on. The Sui representative is south Binyang the hole. The Tang Dynasty

has the representative cavern to include: Dives north the brook temple, Binyang the

hole, Wan Fudong, presents first thetemple and so on.

The Longmen Grottoes statue, not only is all previous dynasties working people

and the artist infinite wisdom and the blood and sweat crystallization, also is rare and

beautiful flowers which external cultural and our country culture union becomes.

These carving is undertaking for god Buddha and the king statue mission, actually

boldly broke through the religion and the Confucianism

the massive real life in the carving process, living has displayed each kind of

character statue touching scene. If joyful, gentle, dignified, acts with constraint, the

pain, down to took to high immeasurable control Buddha dignified solemn and

respectful, coerces waits on the person and reverently provides for the person to be

tranquil, does not have one is not the artists to the reality

observation, unifies the expression means using the realism and the romanticism,

performs highly to summarize the centralized result. Really it may be said is true to

life which the Buddha and the person displays in carving art general, lifelike. But

forms in one's mind the layout integrity, imposing manner concentrating on, overall

solid powerful, disposition change diverse, facial expression vivid lifelike, the clothes

grain lines mooth is exquisite and so on, was in 1100 in the artistic practice tradition

foundation, the massive models external culture, the result which in the technique, the

style the careful creation, the massive innovations, the breakthrough tradition,

sedulously managed. The rich talent ancient times artisan and the carving design artist,

facing the bare sheer precipice, was utilizing simple chise lling, carved the so palatial

magnificent careful community image of Buddha, this in at that time the productive

forces and under the production tool extremely backward condition, truly made one

sigh for

The Longmen Grottoes look like richly colorful, the comprehensive big museum,

for research and so on our country history, religion, culture, art, medicine, has

provided the extremely precious material.

3

：清明上河园导游词

清明上河园是国家首批

AAAA

级旅游景区，

一座以宋文化为主题的大型历史文化公园。

它是依照北宋著名画家张择 端的传世之作《清明上河图》为蓝本建造的。

1998

年

10

月

28

日正式对 外开放。景区占地

600

余亩，其中水面

180

亩，大小古船

50

多艘，房屋

400

余

间，景观建筑面积

多平方米，形成了中原地区最大的仿宋古建筑群，成为中原大黄

河旅游线上的一个重要景区（点），先后被国家评为全国旅游知名品牌、全国文明景区示

范点、全国旅游系统先进集体、河南省文化旅游示范基地、河南经济最具成长力企业以及

河南游客最喜爱的景区等诸多称号。

清明上河园不仅以恢宏的气势再现了《清明上河图》，而且用巧妙的创意把宋代历

史活化 ，使游人进入清明上河园，仿佛穿越时空隧道走进了一幅活动的历史画卷。徜徉其

间，常 令人有

“

一朝步入画卷，一日梦回千年

”

的时光倒流之感。景区白天主要分两大展示

区，

南苑市井风情、

民俗文化区；

北苑皇家园林、

宫廷娱乐区。

为了更好的满足游客需求，

延长 旅游产业链条，

增加景区丰富的文化内涵，

景区投资

亿元重磅推出核心夜游产品

大型水上实景 演出

《大宋

·

东京梦华》

，

以八阕经典宋词和一幅

《清明上河图》

展示了北宋王朝繁荣昌盛的景象。

经过

10

年的磨砺，清明上河园景区以 宏大的规模、丰富的宋文化内涵、全新的古代

娱乐设施、新颖独特的表演剧目、全新的休 闲度假理念，引领中原文化旅游产业的发展方

向。

Qingming Riverside Landscape Garden

Have you ever dreamed of going back in time to Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127) in China an

d savor the prosperity and culture of those years? If so, come to Millennium City Park (also calle

d Qingming Riverside Landscape Garden) located in the old city of Kaifeng (the former Bianjing

) in Henan Province. Find yourself in the spectacular scenery there and you are sure to realize tha

t dream.

Millennium City Park located on the west bank of Dragon Pavilion Lake is a grand cultural gard

en. It covers an area of 600 mu (about 98 acre

)

and the construction area is more than 30,000 square meters (about 7.4 acres). The built area con

sists of several architectural complexes which are re-creations based on the famous twelfth centu

ry painting by Zhang Zeduan of 'The Qingming Festival by the Riverside'. This picture is a paint

ed

scrollwhich is 525 cm (about 17 feet) in length and 25.5 cm (9.5 inches) in width depictingl

ife along Bian River during the Qingming Festival. The scenes in this painting are highly detaile

d and the spectacle is magnificent. There are large numbers of people and buildings. The people

are shown in a variety of contemporary

clothes that indicate their social standing and occupation

s. The lively throng includes many animals and it is not difficult to imagine the sounds in the stre

et scenes where the people are crowded and noisy

. We can almost hear someone bargaining with

a shop owner while others are cheering entertainers. The picture is like a live symphony of life d

uring the Song Dynasty (960-1279).

When you enter the Millennium City Park, a statue which is 16 meters (about 52 feet) tall comes

into view. This figure is none other than the artist Zhang Zeduan, who holds his famous drawing

of 'The Qingming Festival by the Riverside'. Now we can find these scenic spots such as City Ga

te Tower, Rainbow Bridge, distinctive shops and others which are re-created in the Park accordin