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高中英语基础语法知识总结
(
名师总结基础语法知识点，建议下载练习
)
一、
词法
?
数量：
10
大类
?
分类依据：形式特征、意义、句法作用
词类
实词
名词
代词
动词
Noun
Pronoun
Verb
Adjective
Adverb
Numeral
Article
Proposition
Conjunction
Injection
定义
表示事物名称的词
代替名词或名词所有格的词
表示动作或状态的词
表示人或事物性质特征的词
表示动作、状态、性质的程度的词
表示数目或顺序的词
名词前，说明名词含义
名词或代词之间，表关系
连接，
“
关节
”
之意
情感态度的词
例词
Market,
people, water, information
I, me, we,
your, hers, all, nothing
Are, do, go,
eat
Young, fast, excellent
Very, well, always
One,
first, thousand
A, an, the
Of, to, after,
And, but, if
Oh, ah, well
英语语法框架概
Notional
形容词
word
副词
数词
虚词
Empty
word
冠词
介词
连词
感叹词
二、
句法
?
分类方法：
按成分、按类别
1.
句子成分
成分
主语
subject
——
“
谁
”“
什么
”
动作或状态的发出者
名词
人称代词
物主代词
指示代词
疑问代词
不定代词
基数词
序数词
形容词
不定式
动名词
从句
充当词
Noun
Personal pronoun
Possessive pronoun
Demonstrative pronoun
Interrogative pronoun
Indefinite pronoun
Cardinal
numeral
Ordinal numeral
Adjective
Infinitive
Gerund
clause
例句
The sun gives us light and heat.
We love life.
Your idea is
good, but mine is better.
This is my
favorite teacher.
What is the most
important thing in your life?
Nobody
can stop me studying.
Two of you are my
best students.
The second is my sister.
The old should be taken care of in our
country.
To talk is easier than to do.
Helping others can bring us happiness.
What you did is better than what you
said.
谓语
predicate
——
主语的动作或状态
宾语
object
——
及物动词或及物动词短
语的对象或内容
实意动词
联系动词
Notional
verb
Linking verb
We plan to
review our lessons in three months.
We
are Chinese.
名词
人称代词
反身代词
指示代词
疑问代词
不定代词
物主代词
相互代词
Noun
Personal pronoun
Reflexive pronoun
Demonstrative pronoun
Interrogative pronoun
Infinitive pronoun
Possessive pronoun
Reciprocal pronoun
Nowadays many foreigners are learning
Chinese.
He fools us all.
Believe in yourself.
I thank
you will like this.
Who are you waiting
for?
They got everything they want.
He is an old friends of hers.
We should learn to respect each other.
宾语补足语
object
complement
——
宾语之后，补充说明
形容词
副词
名词
Adjective
Adverb
Noun
That
news will make mother happy.
Let me
show you out.
We chose Tom our monitor.
Jerry found him in a strange world.
Do not force me to do anything
I don’t like.
Don’t keep me
waiting too
long.
They ran away and left the work
unfinished.
The mountains
are green.
介词短语
Prepositional phrase
不定式
现在分词
过去分词
Infinitive
Present participle
Past
participle
Adjective
形容词
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