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中国英语学习者语料库CLEC(桂诗春杨惠中)

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2021-02-13 18:21
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2021年2月13日发(作者:临时翻译)


实用标准文档



中国英语学习者语料库



CLEC


收集了包括中学生、大学英语


4


级和


6


级、专业英语低年级和高年级在内



5


种学生的语料一百多万词,


并对言语失误进 行标注。


其目的就是观察各类学


生的英语特征和言语失误的情况 ,


希望通过定量和定性的方法对中国学习者英语


作出较为精确的 描写,为我国学生的英语教学提供有用的反馈信息。




1 CLEC


语料分布



类型



词次



ST2


208088



ST3


209043



ST4


212855



ST5


214510



ST6


226106



总计



1070602







言语失误标注


原则





1.











简单合理,易于系统操作。


参与标注的人比较多,分类表过于繁


复,就难于掌握。我们采取两级分类,第一级有


11


类:词形(


fm


)、动词短语



vp


)、名词短语(


np

< p>
)、代词(


pr


)、形容词短语(


aj


)、副词(


ad


)、介词


短语(


pp


)、连词(


cj


)、词汇(


wd


)、搭配 (


cc


)、句子(


sn


)。每一类里再


用数目字细分。如


[cc]

< p>
为词语搭配不当,


[cc1]


表示名词和名词的搭 配,


[cc2]


表示名词和动词的搭配,


[cc3]


表示动词和名词的搭配,等等。




2.











分类表 的类别要适中。


过粗容易统一,但信息太少,不利于分析


学习者 的失误


/


过细难以统一,容易把同一种失误归到不同类别。目前 我们采取


的办法是对常见的失误从细(如


vp

< br>和


np


都有


9

< br>小类),对少见的失误从粗(如


cj


只有两小类)。现在 的分类表有


61


个失误码,是属于中等规模的分类表。




提供足够的失误信息


(失误本身、


失误类型和失误发生范围)


< br>例如


In


the


past,


people


are


[vp6, 4-] kind to each other



,


失误用方括号表示,放在失误


之后。


[vp6]



vp


(动词)第


6


种(时态)失误,


4-


为失误发生的范围,


-


表示


失误的位 置,


4


表示失误前有


4


个词。要联系这


4


个词,才能判断

are


这个词用


错了。




开放性。


容许研究者根据需要对失误 类型进行补充或进一步再分出细类。


例如


[sn8]

< p>
为句子结构有缺陷,研究者可以对这种失误再分为若干细类来研究。这需


要 把


sn8


的失误全部检索出来,然后定出第三级的分类范畴,如


sn81



sn82

< br>,


等等。



文案大全



实用标准文档



5.











对语体或失误的来由暂不作标注,


因为这需要标注者较多的主观判


断,更难以统一。



言语失误分类表(总数:


61



词形







类型







vp1



fm1


Spelling



fm2



word building



vp2



fm3



capitalization



vp3



动词短语




类型




pattern



set phrase



agreement



finite/non- fi


nite



non- finite



tense



voice






np1



np2



np3



np4



np5



np6



np7



名词短语




类型




pattern



set phrase



agreement



case






代词




类型




pr1



Reference



pr2



anticipato


ry


it




pr3



Agreement



pr4



Case































vp4



vp5



vp6



vp7



countability



pr5



wh-



number



article



pr6



Indefinite









vp8



mood



np8



quantifiers













vp9



modal/auxilia


np9



other












ry



determiners



形容词短语




副词




介词短语




连词







类型







类型







类型







类型




pattern



ad1



order



pp1



pattern



cj1



pattern



aj1


aj2



set


ad2



modification



pp2



set phrase



cj2



set phrase



phrase



aj3



degree



ad3



degree















aj4



-ed/-ing




















confusion



aj5



predicati




















ve/attrib


utive



词语







类型




order



part of


speech



wd3



wd4



wd5



wd6



wd7



文案大全



搭配







cc1



cc2



cc3



cc4



类型




noun/noun



noun/verb



verb/noun



adj/noun



verb/adv



adv/adj






sn1



sn2



sn3



sn4



sn5



sn6



sn7



句子




类型




run-on


sentence



sentence


fragment



dangling


modifier



illogical


comparison



topic


prominence



Coordination



Subordinatio


wd1


wd2



substitutio


n



absence



redundancy



cc5



repetition



cc6



ambiguity









实用标准文档



n




































sn8



sn9



structural


deficiency



Punctuation











标注说明






















fm1


word


Spelling


(拼写)



spelling, coinage, abbreviation,


apostrophe


fm2


word


word building


derivation, inflection, compounding,


(构词)



plurality


(noun),


irregularity(verb),


3rd person singular form(verb),


syllabification, hyphenation, word


division or fusion





fm3


vp1


word


Capitali zation


(大小写)



vb phr


Pattern


(及物性


型式 )





lower


initial


letter


for


upper


initial


letter or vice versa


error


in


transitivity(


vi



as


vt



or


vice


versa), transitive verb pattern/


grammatical(cf


Oxford advanced


learner



s dictionary of current


English


edited by A. S. Hornby)


vp2


vp3


vp4


vp5


vb phr


set


phrase


(固定


词组)



vb phr


Agreement


(主谓


一致性)



vb phr


finite/non- fini


te


(定式)



vb phr


non- finite


(不定


式)



phrasal verb and verbal phrase: error


in form or use


number agreement with its subject


(noun or pronoun)


finite


verb


for


non-finite


verb


or


vice


versa


infinitive error: form and use/


infinitive for participle or vice


versa/ -ed participle for -ing


participle or vice versa


error in tense use within a sentence/


the sequence of tenses between


sentences


error in the use of voice: active for


passive or vice versa


error in the use of mood: imperative,


vp6


vb phr


Tense


(时态)



vp7


vp8


文案大全



vb phr


voice


(语态)



vb phr


Mood


(语气)



实用标准文档



subjunctive/ improper structure of


conditional sentences


vp9


vb phr


modal/auxiliary


misuse


of


modal/auxiliary


verbs/


wrong


(情态)



form of modal verb(or auxiliary verb)


and verb combination (e.g tense form,


voice form, etc)


np1


nn phr


Pattern


(名词型


Error in combination with other


式)



words/grammatical


np2


nn phr


set


phrase


(固定


omission or replacement of a fixed


词组)



element


that


goes


after


a


certain


noun


np3


nn phr


Agreem ent


(主谓


number agreement of a noun with its


一致性)



determiner or


a word that refers to it


np4


nn phr


Case


(格)



possessive case error: form or use


np5


nn phr


Counta bility


(可


uncountable noun used as countable


数性)



noun


np6


nn phr


Number


(数)



countable


noun


used


with


no


determiner


or


-s


/


a


or


-s


with plural noun


np7


nn phr


Article


(冠词)



a/an



confusion


or


definite/indefinite



confusion


np8


nn phr


Quantifiers


(数


misuse


or


confusion


between


many/much,


量词)



(a) few/(a) little, some/any


, etc


np9


nn phr


other


misuse


or


confusion


of


demonstratives,


determiners


(其


wh- determiners, numerals, etc.


他限定词)



pr1


pron


Reference


(指称)



incorrect/ambiguous pronoun


reference/anaphoric


pr2


pron


anticipatory


it


improper or wrong use of anticipatory


(先行


it




it


/


it


replaced by a demonstrative,


etc


pr3


pron


Agreement


(主谓


number


agreement


with


a


noun


it


refers


一致性)



to


pr4


pron


Case


(格)



case error of any personal pronoun


pr5


pron


wh-

< p>


wh-


代词)



misuse or confusion of interrogative,


relative and conjunctive pronouns


pr6


pron


Indefini te


(不定


misuse or confusion of indefinite


式)



pronouns such as


all/both,


few/little,


some/any,


either/neither,



etc



aj1


adj


Pattern


(形容词


error in the combination with other


型式)



words/grammatical


aj2


adj


set


phrase


(固定


error in the idiomatic use of an


词组)



adjectival phrase/ omission or


replacement of a fixed element that


goes after a certain adjective


文案大全



实用标准文档



aj3


aj4


adj


adj


aj5


adj


ad1


ad2


ad3


pp1


pp2


cj1


cj2


wd1


wd2


wd3


adv


adv


adv


prep


prep


conj


conj


word


word


word


Degree


(级)



-ed/-ing


confusion



-ed/-ing


混淆)



predicative/att


ributive

< br>(谓语


/


定语)



Order


(词序)



Modification


(修


饰语)



Degree


(级)



Pattern


(介词型


式)



set


phrase


( 固定


词组)



Pattern


(连词型


式)



set


phrase


(固定


词组)

< p>


Order


(词序)



part of speech


(词类)



Substi tution


(替


代)



Absence


(缺少)


< p>
Redundancy


(冗


余)

< br>


Repetition


(重


复 )



Ambiguity


(歧义)



n/n collocation


(名词


/


名词)



n/v colloca tion


(名词


/


动词)



v/n collocation


(动词


/


名词)



a/n c ollocation


(形容词


/


名词 )



v/ad


collocatio n


(动



/


副 词)



adjective degree error: form and use


-ed adjective for -ing adjective or


vice versa


predicative adjective used as


attributive adjective


improper adverb placement/wrong


position


adjective modifier used as verb


modifier/ other kinds of confusion


adverb degree error: form and use


unacceptable combination with other


words/grammatical


error in the formation or use of an


idiomatic prepositional phrase


unacceptable combination with other


words/grammatical


error in the formation or use of a


phrase functioning as a conjunction


misplacement


of


any


word


other


than


an


adverb


error


in


part


of


speech:


right


root


but


wrong word class


error


in


word


choice:


right


word


class


but wrong selection (any part of


speech)


omission


of


a


word(any


part


of


speech)


oversuppliance of a word(any part of


speech)


unnecessary repeating of a word


not clear word meaning/semantic


improper noun(phrase) and


noun(phrase) combination/semantic


improper noun(phrase) and


verb(phrase) combination/semantic


improper verb and noun(phrase)


combination/semantic


improper adjective and noun(phrase)


combination/semantic


improper verb and adverb (or ad/v)


combination/semantic


wd4


wd5


wd6


wd7


cc1


cc2


cc3


cc4


cc5


word


word


word


word


notiona


l


notiona


l


notiona


l


notiona


l


notiona


l


文案大全


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