-
大学英
语四级考试阅读习题及答案解析
(2)
导读：
本文大学英语四级考试阅读习题及答案解析
(2)
，仅供参考，
如果觉
得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。
篇章词汇题型的特点
篇章词汇
( Banked Cloze
)
考一篇长度为
220
个单词左右的文章，
在文章当
中去除了
10
个单词，后面由
15
个单词选项，要求考生选择正确的单词填入
文章。
这种题型的测试重点在于把握文章的结构，
主
要考查考生对诸如连贯性，
一致性，逻辑联系等语篇，语段整体特征以及单词在实际语境
中的理解，即要
求考生在理解全文的基础上弄清文章的宏观结构和具体细化到每个单词的
微观
理解。
篇章词汇
VS
完形填空
应该说，篇章词汇是完形填空的一
种形式。完形填空的测试面更宽泛，涉
及连词，介词等更多的语法知识，而篇章词汇的考
查项都是实词
(
动词，名词，
形容词，
副词
)
。篇章词汇更侧重于从篇章层面考查对单词的理解和应用
。另外
一个较为明显的区别就是，篇章词汇是集合式选项，所有的选项都集中在一起
;
而完形填空是分组式选项，各道题目的选项互不干扰。
篇章词汇
VS
词汇题
篇章词汇与原来的老题型词汇题相比，更注重对词汇的实际运用的考查，
从单一的一句话考查上升到篇章的理解。
Passage 2
Psychologists
take opposing views of how external rewards, from
warm praise
to
cold
cash,
affect
motivation
and
creativity.
Behaviorists,
who
study
the
relation
between actions
and their consequences, argue that rewards can
__1__ performance
at work and school.
Cognitive(
认识派的
)
researchers, who study various aspects
of
mental
life,
maintain
that
rewards
often
destroy
creativity
by
encouraging
dependence on __2__ and gifts from
others.
The
latter
view
has
gained
many
supporters,
__3__
among
educators.
But
the
careful
use
of
small
__4__
rewards
speaks
creativity
in
grade
school
children,
suggesting that
properly presented inducements(
刺激
) indeed
__5__inventiveness,
according to a
study in the June Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology.
“
If kids know
they
’
re working for a reward
and can focus on a relatively __6__
task, they show the most
creativity,
”
says
Robert Eisenberger of the University of
Delaware in Newark.
“
But
it
’
s easy to __7__
creativity by giving rewards for poor
performance or creating too much
anticipation for rewards.
A
teacher
who
continually
draws
attention
to
rewards
or
who
hands
our
high
grades for __8__
achievement ends up with uninspired students,
Eisenberger holds.
As an example of the
latter point, he notes growing efforts at
major universities to
tighten grading standards and __9__
failing grades.
In early grades, the use of
so
-
called token economies,
in which students handle
challenging
problems and receive
performance
-
based points to
ward valued rewards,
shows __10__ in
raising efforts and creativity, the Delaware
psychologist claims.
A)mental B)promise C)kill
D)avoid
E)hope F)especially G)aid
H)ordinary
I)approval J)monetary K)generally
L)improve
M)challenging N)restore
O)excellent