2016年12月英语四级真题及答案(卷二)

故不难推测出要做图来进行比对，

因此该空的答案为

picture

。

31

空后面有

naval

这样的字眼，

故能联想到该空应该与< /p>

ships

有关，

因此该空的答案为

voyage

。

能与介词

with

搭配的形容词，通观所有的选项，只有

combine d

，

combined

with

意为结合，

该短语在句中做插入语。

Fossil

< br>fuel

为矿物燃料，

燃烧矿物燃料排放出的废气会导致 温室效应，

故

该空应该选择

emissions

。

More than 700 meters

是一个长度，再看前文，亦有提示

----its depths,

故该空的答案为

depth

< br>，

at a depth of

?意为在??的深度。

35

空应填入一个形容词，

再结合后面的宾语从句的引导词

whether

，

故将

答案锁定为

< br>unsure

，

要注意

sure

和

unsure

的宾语从句的引导词是不同的，

sure

的宾语从句引导词为

that

，

unsure

的宾语从句的引导词为

whether

，

类

似的词语还有

doubt

，考生要注意区分。

Part

Ⅲ

Reading Section B(

卷二

)

The Secret to Raising Smart Kids

author's experiment shows that students with a fixed

mind-set believe having to work hard is an indication of low ability.

【答案】

[F]

As

predicted,

the

students

with

a

growth

mind-set

felt

that learning was more important goal than getting good grades. In

addition, they held hard work in high regard, They understood that even

geniuses

have

to

work

hard.

Confronted

by

a

setback

such

as

a

disappointing

test

grade,

students with

a

growth

mind-set

said

they

would

study

harder

or try a different strategy. The students who held a fixed mind-set,

however,

were

concerned

about

looking

smart

with

less

regard

for

learning.

They

had

negative

views

of

effort,

believing

that

having

to

work

hard

was

a sign of low ability. They thought that a person with talent or

intelligence

did

not

need

to

work

hard

to

do

well.

Attributing

a

bad

grade

to

their

own

lack

of

ability,

those

with

a

fixed

mind-set

said

that

would

study

less

in

the

future,

try

never

to

take

that

subject

again

and

consider

cheating on future tests.

ng on effort is effective in helping children overcome

frustration and achieve success.

【答案】

[C]

In

particular,

attributing

poor

performance

to

a

lack

of ability depresses motivation more than does the belief that lack of

effort is to blame. When I told a group of school children who displayed

helpless behavior that a lack of effort led to their mistakes in math,

they learned to keep trying when the problems got tough. Another group

of

helpless

children

who

were

simply

rewarded

for

their

success

on

easier

problems

did

not

improve

their

ability

to

solve

harm

math

problems.

These

experiments

indicated

that

a

focus

on

effort

can

help

resolve

helplessness

and generate success.

can cultivate a growth mind-set in children by telling

success stories that emphasize hard work love of learning.

【答案】

[I]

How

do

we

transmit

a

growth

mind-set

to

our

children?

One way is by telling stories about achievements that result from hard

work. For instance, talking about mathematical geniuses

Who were more or less born that way puts students in a fixed

mind- set, but mathematicians who fell in love with math and developed

amazing skills produce a growth mind-set.

ts

’

belief about the cause of their failure explains

their attitude toward setbacks.

【答案】

[F]As

predicted,

the

students

with

a

growth

mind-set

felt

that learning was more important goal than getting good grades. In

addition, they held hard work in high regard, They understood that even

geniuses

have

to

work

hard.

Confronted

by

a

setback

such

as

a

disappointing

test

grade,

students with

a

growth

mind-set

said

they

would

study

harder

or try a different strategy. The students who held a fixed mind-set,

however,

were

concerned

about

looking

smart

with

less

regard

for

learning.

They

had

negative

views

of

effort,

believing

that

having

to

work

hard

was

a sign of low ability. They thought that a person with talent or

intelligence

did

not

need

to

work

hard

to

do

well.

Attributing

a

bad

grade

to

their

own

lack

of

ability,

those

with

a

fixed

mind-set

said

that

would

study

less

in

the

future,

try

never

to

take

that

subject

again

and

consider

cheating on future tests.

the author

’

s experiment, student with a growth mind-set

showed greater perseverance in solving difficult math problems.

【答案】

[G] Such different outlook had a dramatic impact on

performance.

At

the

start

of

junior

high,

the

math

achievement

test

scores

of the students with a growth mind-set were comparable to the those of

students who displayed a fixed mind-set. But as the work became more

difficult,

the

students

with

a

growth

mind-set

showed

greater

persistence.

As a result, their math grades overtook those of the other students by

the

end

of

the

first

semester-and

the

gap

between

the

two

groups

continued

to widen during the two years we followed them.

author conducted an experiment to find out about the

influence of students

’

mind-sets on math learning.

【答案】

[E] We validated these expectations in a study in which

two

other

psychologists

and

I

monitored

373

student

for

two

years

during

the transition to junior high school, when the work gets more difficult

and

the

grading

more

strict,

to

determine

how

their

mind-sets

might

affect

their math grades. At the beginning of seventh grade, we assessed the

students' mind-sets by asking them to agree or disagree with statements

such

as

intelligence

is

something

very

basic

about

you

that

you

can't

really change.

learning and looked to see what happened to their grades.

failing again and again, most animals give up hope.

【答案】

[A] I first began to investigate the basis of human

motivation-and how people persevere after setbacks-as a psychology

graduate student at Yale University in the 1960s. Animal experiments by

psychologists at the University of Pennsylvania had shown that after

repeated

failures,

most

animals

conclude

that

a

situation

is

hopeless

and

beyond their control. After such an experience an animal often remains

passive even when it can effect change-a state they called learned

helplessness.

ing students about the brain as a learning machine is

a good strategy to enhance their motivation for learning.

【答案】

[J] In addition, parents and teachers can help children

by

providing

explicit

instruction

regarding

the

mind

as

a

learning

machine,

I designed an eight-session workshop for 91 students whose math grades

were declining in their first year of junior high. Forty-eight of the

students received instruction in study skills only, whereas the others

attended

a

combination

of

study

skills

sessions

and

classes

in

which

they

learned about the growth mind-set and how to apply it to schoolwork. In

the growth mind-set classes, students read and discussed an article

entitled “You Can Grow

Your Brain.” They

were taught that

the brain is

like a muscle that gets stronger with use and that learning prompts the

brain

to

grow

new

connections.

From

such

instruction,

many

students

began

to

see

themselves

as

agents

of

their

own

brain

development.

Despite

being

unaware that there were two types of instruction, teachers reported

significant motivational changes in 27% of the children in the growth

mind-set workshop as compared with only 9% of students in the control

group.

with

a

fixed

mind-set

believe

that

one

’

s

intelligence

is unchangeable.