高考英语易错题专题三阅读理解(含解析)

高考英语易错题专题三阅读理解

(

含解析

)

一、高中英语阅读理解

1

．

阅读理解

Plants are boring. They just sit there photosynthesizing (

光合作用

) while animals have all the

fun.

Right?

Not

so

much.

A

new

study

has

found

that

there

is

a

long

history

of

interactions

between ants and plants. The ant and plant co-evolution (

协同进化

) started with ants feeding on

plants and plants evolving ant-friendly features.

Plants make a number of different structures that are specific for ant use. Some plants have

evolved features that persuade ants into defending them from attack from other insects and even

mаmmаl?. Тhе?е ?nсludе hollow thorns that аnt? will live ?n??dе, or ехtra nесtаr (

琼浆

) оn lеаvе?

or stems for the ants to eat. Some ants will just cheat and take the nectar and run, but some will

stick around and attack anything that tries to hurt the plant. Other plants get ants to help them

move their seeds around, by providing them with rich food packets attached to the seeds. The

ant will pick up the seed and carry it away, eat the food packet, and leave the seed - often in a

nutrient- rich area where it'll grow better, and since it's farther away from its parent, they won't

have to compete for resources.

But

scientists

weren't

sure

how

the

evolutionary

relationship

between

ants

and

plants

got

started.

If

evolution

is

an

arms

race

between

species

developing

ways

to

make

use

of

their

neighbors,

then

scientists

wanted

to

know

whether

plants

or

ants

fired

the

first

shot.

It

was

a

chicken-and-egg

question,

whether

things

started

with

ants

developing

behaviors

to

take

advantage of plants, or plants evolving structures to take advantage of ants.

The history of ants and plants evolving together goes back to the time of the dinosaurs, and it's

not easy to tell from fossils who fired the first shot. However, it is a question of little significance.

Scientists say their study maters because it provides a look at how these widespread and complex

interactions evolved.

（

1

）

Some plants attach food packets to their seeds in order to .

the ants

a fool of ants

e nutrition for the seeds

the seeds moved around

（

2

< br>）

What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us?

plants and ants interact.

ants do to protect plants.

plants and ants survive attacks.

plants and ants need co-evolution.

（

3

）

Which is true about the evolutionary relationship between ants and plants?

depended more upon plants.

caused a race for better evolution.

it got started was uncertain.

was of little value for future studies.

（

4

）

What's the author's purpose of writing the passage?

introduce a science research method.

inform readers of a latest research finding

arouse readers' interest in science research.

criticize people's traditional views about plants.

【答案】

（

1

）

D

（

2

）

< br>A

（

3

）

C

（

4

）

B

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇说明文 ，一项新的研究发现，蚂蚁和植物之间的互动有着悠

久的历史。蚂蚁和植物的共同进化始 于蚂蚁以植物为食，植物进化出对蚂蚁友好的特征。

（

1

）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的

“Ot

her

plants

get

ants

to

help

them

move

their

seeds

around, by providing them with rich food packets attached to the seeds.”

其他植 物让蚂蚁帮助它

们移动种子，方法是在种子上附加丰富的食物包。故选

< br>D

。

（

2

）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的

“Plants make a number of different structures that are

specific

for

ant

use.”

植物有许多不同的 结构，这些结构是专门为蚂蚁使用的；以及

“Some

ants will just cheat and take the nectar and run, but some will stick around and attack anything

that

tries

to

hurt

the

plant.

Other

plants

get

ants

to

help

them

move

their

seeds

around,

by

providing them with rich food packe

ts attached to the seeds.”

< br>，有些蚂蚁会偷取花蜜逃跑，但

有些会留下来攻击任何试图伤害植物的东西。其他 植物让蚂蚁帮助它们移动种子，方法是

在种子上附加丰富的食物包。可知，第二段主要讲 了植物和蚂蚁如何互动，故选

A

。

（

3

）考查 细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的

“But

scientists

weren't

sure

how

the

evolutionary

relationship between ants and plants got started.”

但是 科学家们并不确定蚂蚁和植物之间的进

化关系是如何开始的。故选

C

。

（

4

）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的

“ A

new

study

has

found

that

there

is

a

long

history

of

interactions

between

ants

and

plants.”

一项新的研究发现，蚂蚁和植物之间的互动有着悠久

的历史。是 全文的主题句，由此推断出，作者写这篇文章的目的是告知读者最新的研究结

果，故选< /p>

B

。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需

要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2

．

阅读理解

Coral

reefs

(

珊瑚礁

)

are

an

integral

part

of

sea

life

and

sustain

it

by

providing

shelter

and

habitat to various organisms. They also supply and recycle nutrients as well as enable a growing

fish population, along with other species, for a healthy and diverse ecosystem. However, the rise

in average water temperatures due to climate change has resulted in more frequent and longtime

coral bleaching (

白化现象

) events that damage their health, causing fish and other sea species to

abandon them.

In order to restore this delicate ecosystem, scientists from the UK and Australia conducted a

study

that

involved

using

loudspeakers

underwater

near

damaged

coral

reefs

to

make

them

sound healthy and attract fish, potentially kick- starting the natural recovery process of coral reefs

and their dependent life forms. The location for this experiment was the Great Barrier Reef in the

Coral Sea, found alongside the east coast of Queensland, Australia. The site is noted to have the

largest coral reef system in the world.

coral

reefs

are

remarkably

noisy

places-the

crackle

of

snapping

shrimp

and

the

whoops and grunts of fish. Young fish concentrate on these sounds when they're looking for a

place to settle,

UK.

By

using

loudspeakers

to

copy

such

sounds,

parts

of

dead

coral

reefs

were

found

to

attract

twice as many fish, compared to places where no sounds were played.

crucial

for

coral

reefs

to

function

as

healthy

ecosystems.

Boosting

fish

populations

in

this

way

could help to kick-start natural recovery processes, preventing the damage we're seeing on many

coral reefs around the world,

（

1

< br>）

What causes the phenomenon of coral bleaching?

e species.

pollution.

g industry.

ng temperatures.

（

2< /p>

）

What approach is introduced to recover the coral reefs?

ng damaged coral reefs.

loudspeakers to keep fish away.

ng new homes for sea species.

g certain sounds to appeal to fish.

（

3

）

Why are Steve Simpson's words quoted?

provide some findings of the study.

show the progress of the experiment.

explain reasons for the new approach.

give another solution to the problem.

（

4

）

What can we infer from the last paragraph?

attempts are in vain.

l recovery is impossible.

l success has been achieved.

coral reefs have returned to normal.

【答案】

（

1

）

D

（< /p>

2

）

D

（

3

）

C

（

4

）

C

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇说明文 ，由于气候变化导致的平均水温上升导致了更频繁、

更长期的珊瑚白化事件，而为了恢复 这一脆弱的生态系统，科学家们在受损的珊瑚礁附近

使用水下扩音器，让珊瑚听起来更健 康，从而能够吸引鱼类。作者解释了采用这一方法的

原因以及这一新方法获得了初步成功 。

（

1< /p>

）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的

“However,

the

rise

in average water

temperatures

du

e

to

climate

change

has

resulted

in

more

frequent

and

longtime

u

coral

bleaching

events

that

damage their health, causing fish and other sea species to abandon them .”

然而，由于气候变化

导致的平均水温上升导致了更频繁、更 长期的珊瑚白化事件，损害了它们的健康，导致鱼

类和其他海洋物种抛弃它们，可知，气 温攀升是导致珊瑚白化现象的原因。故选

D

。

< br>

（

2

）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的

“In

order

to

restore

this

delicate

ecosystem,

scientists

from the UK and Australia conducted a study that involved using loudspeakers underwater near

damaged

coral reefs

to

make

them

sound

healthy

and attract

fish,

potentially

kick-starting

the

natural recovery process of coral reefs and their dependent life forms.”

为了恢复这一脆 弱的生

态系统，来自英国和澳大利亚的科学家们进行了一项研究，他们在受损的珊瑚礁附 近使用

水下扩音器，让它们听起来更健康，吸引鱼类，这可能会启动珊瑚礁的自然恢复过 程及其

依赖的生命形式，可知，应当采用播放某些声音来吸引鱼的方法来恢复珊瑚礁。故 选

D

。

< /p>

（

3

）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中 的

“Healthy

coral

reefs

are

remarkab

ly

noisy

places-

the crackle of snapping shrimp and the whoops and grunts of fish. ”

健康的珊瑚礁是非常吵杂的

地方

——

虾的噼啪声和鱼的呼噜呼噜声，可知，引用

Steve

Simpson

的话是为了解释采用这

一新方 法的原因。故选

C

。

（

4

）考查 推理判断。根据最后一段中的

“By using loudspeakers to copy such sounds, parts of

dead coral reefs were found to attract twice as many fish, compared to places where no sounds

were played.”

通过使用扩音器来模仿这些声音，人们发现部分死去的珊瑚礁比没有声 音的地

方能吸引两倍多的鱼，可推知这一新方法初步取得了成功。故选

< br>C

。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需

要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3

．

阅读下 列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（

A

、

B

、

C

和

D< /p>

）中，选出最佳选项。

These

days,

I

walk

down

the

steps

leading

toward

the

south

end

of

the

All

England

Club

in

Wimbledon,

and

still

look

for

the

Crow's

Nest,

a

small

green

observation

tower

with

an

outer

ladder that I used to climb on for a wide view of the grounds, but which has since been knocked

down.

The Crow's Nest was a particularly useful point, because it allowed a tennis writer to keep track

of the action on as many as 10 outside courts at a time. At days end, reporters from different

nations would share notes on what they had observed all over the grounds.

Twenty-seven years later, the press room has touch screens that allow us to watch live videos

from

any

court,

and even

go

back

to watch

key

moments

in

key

matches

long

after

they

have

finished. You could cover Wimbledon without leaving your seat. But that is a bit like spending all

your time ordering room service and looking up fun facts on Wikipedia.

More than at any other tennis tournament, there is also an appetite for stories that deal with

the setting, the history and the traditions.

If they change the price of the fish tacos (

鱼肉卷饼

) at the United States Open, it's not a story.

If

they

change

the

price

of the

strawberries

and

cream,

the

signature

treat

at Wimbledon.

It's

time to email your editor using capital letters.

The new retractable (

可伸缩的

) roof was put in place in 2009. Until then, you always had to

have a rainy-day story in your notebook because there were no guarantees any matches would be

played. Now tennis is a sure thing on Centre Court, which has made tennis reporters a bit less

creative. But at least it guarantees us daily access to the most atmospheric place in the sport.

So much has changed, but Centre Court remains true to its original spirit: more a theater than a

stadium. Catching that feeling is part of covering Wimbledon, too.

（

1

）

What did the author do on the Crow's Nest in the past?

A. He made friends with reporters.

B. He reported on tennis matches.

C. He appreciated the beautiful scenery. D. He exchanged experiences with tennis players.

（

2

）

What does the author think of the new way of covering Wimbledon?

A. It lacks fun. B. It is expensive C. It is not convenient. D. It is not quick enough

（

3

）

Why does the author mention strawberries and cream?

A. To compare popular foods. B. To introduce the typical treat at Wimbledon.

C. To describe people's craze for traditional dishes.

D. To show the traditions of Wimbledon

are an attraction.

（

4

）

What difference does the new roof make?

A. Audiences have easier access to a tennis court.

B. There's less fun in watching Wimbledon

indoors.

C. Reporters

are

struggling

to

find

original

material.

D. rainy- day

stories

about

Wimbledon

have become history.

【答案】

（

1

）

B

2

）

A

（

3

）

D

（

4

）

D

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇记叙文 。作者追忆对温网的报道。虽然发生了很大的变化，

但中心球场仍然忠于它的原始精神： 与其说是体育场，不如说是一座剧院。捕捉这种感觉

也是报道温网的一部分。