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(质量保证)形容词和副词

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-02-13 15:41
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2021年2月13日发(作者:veny)


专题七



形容词和副词



形容词:说明或修饰名词和代词,表示人或事物性质、状态、特征



副词:修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句




一.形容词




·作用



1


)作定语



【拓】


1.


只做定语不做表语的形容词:


only very total specific chief exact main wooden woolen


golen medical elder outer upper former


2.


只做表语或后置定语不做前置定语的形容词 :


well ill gald sorry sure content afraid alike alive


alone apart ashame asleep


2


)作表语



3


)作补语



Many students find English idioms hard to learn.


They married young.


The classroom is kept tidy.



4


)作状语



The little girl kept sitting at the street corner,(


又冷又饿)



We arrived home very late,(


安然无恙)



5


)作主语或宾语



The + true ,good,beattiful,bad,ugly,old,rich


表一类人或事用复数



,其他用单数



The beautiful ------(be)not always the good.


The old-----(be



respested in China.


【拓】部分形容词可做名词,作介词的宾语。



No one knows for sure what really happened.


大体上



特别,尤其



至少



每况愈下,越来越糟



简言之



徒劳的



简称




·位置



1


)单个形容词的位置:多数放在所修饰的名词前,但表语形容词


alive


afraid


awake


alone


asleep


在名词后



He is the mose famous scientisrt alive in the world today.


Money alone cant



t bring happoness


2


)形容词修饰不定代词


< p>
3



enough+n=n+enough


adj/adv+enough


The problem is easy enough for me to solve.



1


4)



a nd



or


连接的形容词短语修饰名词 要后置




All people young and old are against the plan.


【拓】前置与后置意义区别



the present members






















the members present


the responsible person





















the person responsible


the concerned parents





















the problems concerned


表语与定语意义区别



be certain that



























a certain apple


be ill



































ill effects


be


worthy


of




























worthy cirizens



【拓】可以作副词修饰形容词的形容词:


dark red




light bule




icy/freezing cold


表示情感的表语形容词后可接不定式




be+glad/d/sorrry,sad/sure/k ind/ready/afraid/able/easy/difficult+to do sth




【基础】



主语是人或者用来修饰人时用


-ed


结 尾的形容词;




主语是物或者用来修 饰物时用


-ing


结尾的形容词;




interesting



interested,


exciting



excited,pleasant



pleased,boring



bored,


moving



moved,tiring



tired,fascinating



fascinated,surprising


< br>surprised





副词



·作用



1


)作状语



Knowledge is weightless ,a treasure you can carry easily


Bungee jumping is very attractive to younger generation


Neither Tom nor Susan can swim very well


The arrow hit the apple right in the middle


The football player must be well past thirty


Shortly after you ldft mKate phoned you


Nearly everyone came to the party


Fortunately ,I was in time for the interview


2


)作表语



Jack is abroad


Class is over


I must be off now


3


)作定语


(


主要为表示时间地点 的副词,


后置定语:


here therer up below downstairs now then)


Life here is full of joy


The pictures below were taken by Canada.


4


)做介词短语



Who is calling me from downstairs?


5


)作补语



Please let us in


Keep the first on for a few minutes




2


【拓】评注型副词(修饰整个句子)常在句首,表示情感、 方式、



判断



luckily


unfortunately


personally


honestly


naturally


generally


unexpectedly


obviously


actually


definitely possibly eventually





·分类



时间副词



地点副词



方式副词



程度副词



关系副词



疑问副词



连接副词



其他副词




·构成



1


)本身即为副词


rather how


2


)与形容词同行的副词:


early late high wode deep


3


)形容词


+ly:slowly clearly


4


)一些形容词本身即可作副词,加


ly


后也为副词,但意义不同



late






lately


close





closely


deep





deeply


fair






fairly


hard






hardly


high






highly


wide





widely


free





freely


【基础】形容词变副词的法则


:



1.


一般情况下直接加


ly;




2.


以 辅音字母加


y


结尾的形容词要变


y



i,


然后再加


- ly;



3.


ue


结尾的


,


< br>e


再加


-ly;


< p>
le


结尾的,去


e


再加< /p>


-y;


其它以


e


结尾的一律加


ly.


busy











angry











easy











true








terrible








happy









heavy









loud









real








quick









wise












polite










full








careful






glad











nice





hopeful











quiet













beautiful





【拓】


aim high


die hard


speak loud



speak loudly


sleep rough



3



gentle


possible





slow








































tell sb flat


take things easy


play fair


live rough


do wrong


do sb wrong


way too much



`


位置


< /p>


1


)副词


+


形容 词




副词


+


副词



2


)时间频率副词助


be


情后,实义动词前



3


)时 间副词地点副词常放在句首或句尾,同时出现时



先地点后时间





三.形容词副词的级



·构成




1


)以


er,ow,ble,ple,y


结尾的双音节词和单音节词:①一般在词尾直接加


er



est;



②以不发音的

< br>e


结尾的


,


在词尾加


r



st;


③以“辅 音字母


+y


”结尾,先把


y

< p>
变为


i


,再加


er



est;



< /p>



.


以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个 辅音字母的,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加


er/est.




pretty





shallow







2


)末尾不是以

er,ow,ble,ple,y


结尾的双音节词和所有多音节词直接在单词前加< /p>


more/most;



3

< p>
)以


-ly


结尾的副词和以


-ing/-ed


结尾的形容词直接在单词前加


more/m ost;



4)good/well-better- best








many/much-more/most














little-less-least



bad/badly/ill-worse-worst





far- farther/further-farthest/furthest





old- older/elder-oldest/eldest




·原级




1 .


可以用


quite,very,so,too,enough


修饰原级;



2.


2. as+


原级


+as



3. not+as/so+


原级


+as



4.


甲是乙的几倍


(

< br>甲


+is+


倍数


+as


?


as+



)



This bridge is three times as long as that one.





Your room is twice as large as mine.


【高中】


as


??


as


结构,若加入名词,可放在结构中或结构前



I can



t drink as sweet coffee as this=I can



t drink this



·最高级




1.A>B


用比较级


+than





2. much,far,even,a little,a lot,a bit,a great deal,slightly,any ,by far, somewhat,still,

< br>常用于比较级


之前;





4


/Who+


比较级,


A or B?



5.



+b e+the+


比较级


(+n)+of the two(


名词或代词)


(甲是两者中较?的)




She is the more cautious of the two sisters.


6.


< br>+be+


比较级


+than+any other+


单数名词(甲比其它的任何一个都?)




7.


倍数


+


比较级


+than(


表示几倍于


)



This classroom is two times bigger than that one.



8.


比较级


+and+


比较 级(越来越?)




a.


单音节词和以


er,ow,ble,ple,y


结尾 的双音节词


:


比较级


+and+


比较级




b.


部分双音节词和多音节词:


more and more+


多音节词原形




+


比较级??,


the+


比较级??(越??,就越??)



+


原级


+than




不如





This test is less difficult than the last one


【拓】


no+


比较级





not+


比较级



no more than=only


not more than=at most




no less than=as much as


有??之多



not less than=not fewer than


不少于,也许不止




no+


比较级


+than


相反含义



John is not wiser than Tom


John is no wiser than Tom



·最高级



1.


句中出现≥


3


个比较对象 时,


用最高级;



副词前


the


可省,


常有


of all,of the three,that I have


ever seen


标志




, by far, nearly, almost,


yet,ever


修饰



3.


形容词最高级前一般要加


the



但若最高级前出现了形容词性物主代词或名词所有格形式,

< br>则不再用


the.



/Who +is+the+


最高级,甲、乙


or


丙?




5.


表示最??之一,要用“


one of+the+


形容词最高级


+


复数名 词


+


表示范围的介词短语”




6.


序数词后的形容词一般要用最高 级


(


表示第几最??


) The Yellow River is the second longest


river in China.



【高中】比较级形式表达最高级概念



比较级


+than+any


other+


单名















all the other +


复名















anyone/anything else














any of the other +


复名




China is larger than any country in Europe




【高中】否定词< /p>


+


比较级



Noting is more precious than health


Your performance couldn



t have been better.



5


一、


how long, how soon, how often


的比较





how long


是问某个动作或状 态延续了多久,用“


(for+)


时间段”来回答;

< p>


how soon


是问某个

动词要过多久之后才发生或结束,用“


in+


时间段”来回 答;


how often


是问某个动作每隔多

< br>久发生一次,或者一个单位时间里发生次数的多少,用“次数


(

< br>如


once, twice)


+单位时间


(



a day, a month)


”或


usually, sometimes


等来回答。如:




How ________ can you finish the drawing? (


全国卷


) A. often




B. soon



C. long




D. rapid



【分析】答案选


B


。句意是:过多久以后你才能画完 ?





二、


no longer / more, not any


?


longer / more


的比较





表示时间上的


“不再”



no more


通常放在句末,

< br>且一般只与非延续性动词


go, come, see, return


等连用,


一般不用于系表结构中;


no lon ger(


一般位于行为动词之前或者


be


动词、


情态动词、


助动词之后


)


和更口语化的


not


?

any longer / more


既可与延续性动词连用也可与非延续性动


词连用。如:





1.



Will you give this message to Mr White, please?





Sorry, I can



t. He ________. (


全国卷


) A. doesn



t any more work here B. doesn



t any longer


her work C. doesn



t work any more here D. doesn



t work here any longer


【分析】


答案选


D



any longer / more


要位于句末。





2.



Excuse me, is this Mr Brown



s office?




I



m sorry, but Mr Brown ________ works here. He left about three months ago. (


全国卷


)



A. not now





B. no more



C. not still D. no longer


< /p>


【分析】答案选


D


。在行为动词前要用< /p>


no longer





注:


①涉及到数量时用


no more



如:


There is no more bread on the plate. (


盘子里没有面包了。


)



no more


还可表示

< p>
“也不”



相当于


nei ther



nor


< br>如:


He couldn



t lift the table and no more


could I.


他拿不动那张桌子,我也拿不动。





三、三、


fairly, quite, rather, pretty


的比较






rat her


一般表示不合意,有时也可表示合意的;


fairly< /p>


表示令人满意的;


pretty



very


意思


接近,可表示合意或不合意。值 得注意的是:




1.



too


或比较级连用只能用


rather


,如


rather colder(


有点冷


), rather too larg e(


稍大一点


)



quite better(


好多了

)


是个例外;




2. quite



rather


可位于冠词前,其它两个则不能;




3.


表示“完全,十分


(=comp letely)


”时要用


quite


。 如


quite


agree(


完全同意


)


,但不说


quite


disagree






四、


much too, too much


的比较





much


too

< br>就是


too


的强势语,用来修饰形容词或副词,意为“太 ?”



too


much


就是


much


的强势语,用来修饰不可数名词或动词


(


后面不接任何词


)

< br>,意为“太多


(


?


)

< p>


。如:





1. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was ________ to carry all the way home. (


全国卷


)




6

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