-
专题七
形容词和副词
形容词:说明或修饰名词和代词,表示人或事物性质、状态、特征
副词:修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句
一.形容词
·作用
1
)作定语
【拓】
1.
只做定语不做表语的形容词:
only very total specific chief exact main wooden
woolen
golen medical elder outer upper
former
2.
只做表语或后置定语不做前置定语的形容词
:
well ill gald sorry sure content
afraid alike alive
alone apart ashame
asleep
2
)作表语
3
)作补语
Many students find English idioms hard
to learn.
They married young.
The classroom is kept tidy.
4
)作状语
The little girl kept sitting at the
street corner,(
又冷又饿)
We arrived home very
late,(
安然无恙)
5
)作主语或宾语
The + true
,good,beattiful,bad,ugly,old,rich
表一类人或事用复数
,其他用单数
The
beautiful ------(be)not always the good.
The
old-----(be
)
respested in
China.
【拓】部分形容词可做名词,作介词的宾语。
No one knows for sure what really
happened.
大体上
特别,尤其
至少
每况愈下,越来越糟
简言之
徒劳的
简称
·位置
1
)单个形容词的位置:多数放在所修饰的名词前,但表语形容词
alive
afraid
awake
alone
asleep
在名词后
He is the mose famous scientisrt alive
in the world today.
Money alone
cant
’
t bring happoness
2
)形容词修饰不定代词
3
)
enough+n=n+enough
adj/adv+enough
The problem
is easy enough for me to solve.
1
4)
用
a
nd
或
or
连接的形容词短语修饰名词
要后置
All people
young and old are against the plan.
【拓】前置与后置意义区别
the
present members
the members
present
the responsible person
the
person responsible
the concerned
parents
the problems concerned
表语与定语意义区别
be
certain that
a certain apple
be ill
ill
effects
be
worthy
of
worthy cirizens
【拓】可以作副词修饰形容词的形容词:
dark red
light bule
icy/freezing
cold
表示情感的表语形容词后可接不定式
be+glad/d/sorrry,sad/sure/k
ind/ready/afraid/able/easy/difficult+to do sth
【基础】
主语是人或者用来修饰人时用
-ed
结
尾的形容词;
主语是物或者用来修
饰物时用
-ing
结尾的形容词;
interesting
与
interested,
exciting
与
excited,pleasant
与
pleased,boring
与
bored,
moving
与
moved,tiring
与
tired,fascinating
与
p>
fascinated,surprising
与
< br>surprised
二
副词
·作用
1
)作状语
Knowledge is weightless ,a treasure you
can carry easily
Bungee jumping is very
attractive to younger generation
Neither Tom nor Susan can swim very
well
The arrow hit the apple right in
the middle
The football player must be
well past thirty
Shortly after you ldft
mKate phoned you
Nearly everyone came
to the party
Fortunately ,I was in time
for the interview
2
)作表语
Jack is abroad
Class is over
I must be off now
3
)作定语
(
主要为表示时间地点
的副词,
后置定语:
here therer up
below downstairs now then)
Life here is
full of joy
The pictures below were
taken by Canada.
4
)做介词短语
Who is calling me from downstairs?
5
)作补语
Please let us in
Keep the
first on for a few minutes
2
【拓】评注型副词(修饰整个句子)常在句首,表示情感、
方式、
判断
luckily
unfortunately
personally
honestly
naturally
generally
unexpectedly
obviously
actually
definitely possibly
eventually
·分类
时间副词
地点副词
方式副词
程度副词
关系副词
疑问副词
连接副词
其他副词
·构成
1
)本身即为副词
rather
how
2
)与形容词同行的副词:
early
late high wode deep
3
)形容词
+ly:slowly
clearly
4
)一些形容词本身即可作副词,加
ly
后也为副词,但意义不同
late
lately
close
closely
deep
deeply
fair
fairly
hard
hardly
high
highly
wide
widely
free
freely
【基础】形容词变副词的法则
:
1.
一般情况下直接加
ly;
2.
以
辅音字母加
y
结尾的形容词要变
y
p>
为
i,
然后再加
-
ly;
3.
以
ue
结尾的
,
去
< br>e
再加
-ly;
以
le
结尾的,去
e
再加<
/p>
-y;
其它以
e
结尾的一律加
ly.
busy
angry
easy
true
terrible
happy
heavy
loud
real
quick
wise
polite
full
careful
glad
nice
hopeful
quiet
beautiful
【拓】
aim high
die
hard
speak loud
speak loudly
sleep rough
3
gentle
possible
slow
tell sb flat
take things easy
play fair
live rough
do wrong
do sb wrong
way too much
`
位置
<
/p>
1
)副词
+
形容
词
副词
+
副词
2
)时间频率副词助
be
情后,实义动词前
3
)时
间副词地点副词常放在句首或句尾,同时出现时
先地点后时间
三.形容词副词的级
·构成
1
)以
er,ow,ble,ple,y
结尾的双音节词和单音节词:①一般在词尾直接加
er
或
est;
②以不发音的
< br>e
结尾的
,
在词尾加
r
或
st;
③以“辅
音字母
+y
”结尾,先把
y
变为
i
,再加
er
或
est;
<
/p>
④
.
以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个
辅音字母的,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加
er/est.
pretty
shallow
2
)末尾不是以
er,ow,ble,ple,y
结尾的双音节词和所有多音节词直接在单词前加<
/p>
more/most;
3
)以
-ly
结尾的副词和以
-ing/-ed
结尾的形容词直接在单词前加
more/m
ost;
4)good/well-better-
best
many/much-more/most
little-less-least
bad/badly/ill-worse-worst
far-
farther/further-farthest/furthest
old-
older/elder-oldest/eldest
·原级
1
.
可以用
quite,very,so,too,enough
修饰原级;
2.
2. as+
原级
+as
3.
not+as/so+
原级
+as
4.
甲是乙的几倍
(
< br>甲
+is+
倍数
+as
?
as+
乙
)
This bridge is three times
as long as that one.
Your room is twice as large
as mine.
【高中】
as
??
as
结构,若加入名词,可放在结构中或结构前
I can
’
t
drink as sweet coffee as this=I
can
’
t drink this
·最高级
1.A>B
用比较级
+than
;
p>
2.
much,far,even,a little,a lot,a bit,a great
deal,slightly,any ,by far, somewhat,still,
< br>常用于比较级
之前;
4
/Who+
比较级,
A or B?
5.
甲
+b
e+the+
比较级
(+n)+of the two(
名词或代词)
(甲是两者中较?的)
She is the more cautious of
the two sisters.
6.
甲
< br>+be+
比较级
+than+any
other+
单数名词(甲比其它的任何一个都?)
7.
倍数
+
比较级
+than(
表示几倍于
)
This classroom is
two times bigger than that one.
8.
比较级
+and+
比较
级(越来越?)
a.
单音节词和以
er,ow,ble,ple,y
结尾
的双音节词
:
比较级
+and+
比较级
b.
p>
部分双音节词和多音节词:
more and
more+
多音节词原形
+
比较级??,
the+
比较级??(越??,就越??)
+
原级
+than
不如
This test is
less difficult than the last one
【拓】
no+
比较级
与
not+
比较级
no more
than=only
not more than=at most
no less than=as
much as
有??之多
not
less than=not fewer
than
不少于,也许不止
no+
比较级
+than
相反含义
John is not
wiser than Tom
John is no wiser than
Tom
·最高级
1.
句中出现≥
3
个比较对象
时,
用最高级;
副词前
the
可省,
常有
of
all,of the three,that I have
ever
seen
标志
, by far, nearly, almost,
yet,ever
修饰
3.
形容词最高级前一般要加
the
,
但若最高级前出现了形容词性物主代词或名词所有格形式,
< br>则不再用
the.
/Who
+is+the+
最高级,甲、乙
or
丙?
5.
表示最??之一,要用“
one
of+the+
形容词最高级
+
复数名
词
+
表示范围的介词短语”
6.
序数词后的形容词一般要用最高
级
(
表示第几最??
) The
Yellow River is the second longest
river in China.
【高中】比较级形式表达最高级概念
比较级
+than+any
other+
单名
all
the other +
复名
anyone/anything else
any
of the other +
复名
China is larger than any country in
Europe
【高中】否定词<
/p>
+
比较级
Noting is more precious than health
Your performance
couldn
’
t have been better.
5
一、
how long, how soon, how
often
的比较
how long
是问某个动作或状
态延续了多久,用“
(for+)
时间段”来回答;
how soon
是问某个
动词要过多久之后才发生或结束,用“
in+
时间段”来回
答;
how often
是问某个动作每隔多
< br>久发生一次,或者一个单位时间里发生次数的多少,用“次数
(
< br>如
once, twice)
+单位时间
(
如
a day, a
month)
”或
usually,
sometimes
等来回答。如:
How ________ can you finish the
drawing? (
全国卷
) A. often
B. soon
C. long
D. rapid
【分析】答案选
B
。句意是:过多久以后你才能画完
?
二、
no longer / more, not
any
?
longer /
more
的比较
表示时间上的
“不再”
,
no more
通常放在句末,
< br>且一般只与非延续性动词
go, come, see, return
等连用,
一般不用于系表结构中;
no lon
ger(
一般位于行为动词之前或者
be
动词、
情态动词、
助动词之后
)
p>
和更口语化的
not
?
any longer / more
既可与延续性动词连用也可与非延续性动
p>
词连用。如:
1.
—
Will you give
this message to Mr White, please?
—
Sorry, I
can
’
t. He ________.
(
全国卷
) A.
doesn
’
t any more work here
B. doesn
’
t any longer
her work C.
doesn
’
t work any more here
D. doesn
’
t work here any
longer
【分析】
答案选
D
p>
。
any longer /
more
要位于句末。
2.
—
Excuse me, is this Mr
Brown
’
s office?
—
I
’
m
sorry, but Mr Brown ________ works here. He left
about three months ago.
(
全国卷
)
A. not now
B. no more
C. not still D. no longer
<
/p>
【分析】答案选
D
。在行为动词前要用<
/p>
no longer
。
注:
①涉及到数量时用
no
more
。
如:
There is
no more bread on the plate.
(
盘子里没有面包了。
)
②
no more
还可表示
“也不”
,
相当于
nei
ther
或
nor
。
< br>如:
He couldn
’
t
lift the table and no more
could I.
他拿不动那张桌子,我也拿不动。
三、三、
fairly,
quite, rather, pretty
的比较
rat
her
一般表示不合意,有时也可表示合意的;
fairly<
/p>
表示令人满意的;
pretty
与
very
意思
接近,可表示合意或不合意。值
得注意的是:
1.
与
too
或比较级连用只能用
rather
,如
rather
colder(
有点冷
), rather too larg
e(
稍大一点
)
,
但
quite better(
好多了
)
是个例外;
2. quite
和
rather
p>
可位于冠词前,其它两个则不能;
3.
表示“完全,十分
(=comp
letely)
”时要用
quite
。
如
quite
agree(
完全同意
)
,但不说
quite
disagree
。
四、
much too, too
much
的比较
much
too
< br>就是
too
的强势语,用来修饰形容词或副词,意为“太
?”
;
too
much
就是
much
的强势语,用来修饰不可数名词或动词
(
后面不接任何词
)
< br>,意为“太多
(
?
)
”
。如:
1. Allen had to call a taxi
because the box was ________ to carry all the way
home. (
全国卷
)
6