建筑结构英语常用词汇

建筑、结构专业常用英文词汇

总体设计

General design

设计依据

Contour line

相对标高

Relative elevation

日照

Sunshine

天然采光

Sunshade

恒温恒湿

Constant

temperature

&

constant

Design basis

建筑红线

Building line

建筑系数

Coefficient

of

building

occupation

界区

Battery limited

有效面积

Effective area

使用面积

Usable area

结构面积

Structural area

建筑面积

Building area

建筑面积密度

Density of building area

竖向布置

Vertical planning

高程

Altitude

等高线

绝对标高

Absolute altitude

地震基本烈度

Basic earthquake intensity

抗震设防烈度

Fortification intensity

风玫瑰

Wind rose

建筑朝向

Building orientation

建筑间距

Building distance

公顷

Hectare

指北针

North arrow

测北

Geophical north

建北

Plant north

气象

Meteorology

Natural lighting

人工照明

Artificant

light;

illumination

照度

Degree of illumination

通风

Ventilation

正压通风

Positive ventilating

噪声

Noise

隔声

Sound insulation

吸声

Sound absorption

保温隔热

Heat insulation

露点

Dewpoint

冷桥

Cold-bridge

遮阳

artificial

humidity

消声

Noise

elimination;

reduction

防振

antivibration

4.2

建筑一般词汇

Conventional

terms

architecture

方案

Scheme; draft

草图

Sketch

透视图

Perspective drawing

建筑构图

Architectural composition

坐标

Coordinate

纵坐标

Ordinate

横坐标

noise

of

2

Abscissa

Stair well

Grade of brick; strength of brick

防潮层

跨度

Span

开关

Bay

进深

Depth

层高

Floor height

净高

Clear height; headroom

横数

Module; modulus

裙房

Skirt building

楼梯

Stair

梯段

Stair slab

楼梯平台

Stair landing

安全出口

Safety exit

疏散楼梯

Escape staircase

楼梯间

封闭楼梯间

Enclosure staircase

防烟楼梯间

Smoke prevention stair well

消防电梯间

Emergency elevators well

自动扶梯

Escalator

中庭

Atrium

疏散走道

Escape corridor; escape way

耐火等级

Fire- resistive grade

生产类别

Classification of production

耐火极限

Duration of fire-resistance

防火间距

File-break distance

泄压面积

Area of pressure release

闷顶

Mezanine; mezzanine

砖标号

承重墙

Bearing wall

非承重墙

Non-bearing wall

挡土墙

Retaining wall

填充墙

Filler wall

围护墙

Curtain

wall;

cladding

enclosure wall

女儿墙

Parapet wall

隔墙

Partition

（浴室、厕所）隔断

Stall

窗间墙

Pier

墙垛

Pillar

过梁

Lintel

圈梁

Gird; girt; girth

Damp-proof course

勒脚

Plinth

横梁

Transverse beam

纵横

Longitudinal wall

山墙

Gable; gable wall

wall;

防火墙

Fire wall

压顶

Coping

勾缝

Pointing

砖砌平拱

Brick flat arch

预埋件

Embedded inserts

直抓梯

Ladder

栏杆

Railing

防腐蚀

Corrosion resistant; Anticorrosion

化学溶蚀

Chemical erosion

膨胀腐蚀

Expansion corrosion

化学腐蚀

Chemical corrosion

电化学腐蚀

Electro-chemical corrosion

晶间腐蚀

Intergranular corrosion

气相腐蚀

Gaseous corrosion

液相腐蚀

Liquidoid corrosion

固相腐蚀

Solid corrosion

腐蚀裕度

Allowance for corrosion

锈蚀

rusting

4.3

建筑材料

Building materials

级配砂石

Graded sand & gravel

素土夯实

Rammed earth

灰土

Lime-soil

素混凝土

Plain concrete

钢筋混凝土

Reinforced concrete(R.C)

细石混凝土

Fine aggregate concrete

轻质混凝土

Lightweight concrete

加气混凝土

Aerocrete; Aerocrete concrete

陶粒混凝土

Ceramsite concrete

水泥膨胀珍珠岩

Cement & expended pearlite

岩棉

Mineral wool; mine wool

沥青

asphalt

卷材

Felt

玛蹄脂

Asphalt mastic

粘土砖

Clay brick

釉面砖

Porcelain enamel brick

空心砖

Hollow brick

砌块

Block

缸砖

guarry brick

锦砖

mosac

地面砖

paving brick

防滑地砖

non-slip brick

耐酸砖（板）

acidbrick (acidtile)

胶泥

mastic

粘土瓦

Cloy tile

玻璃瓦

enamelled tile

波形镀锌钢板

galvanized corrugate steel sheet

玻璃钢瓦

glass-fiber reinforced plastic tile

3

彩色压型钢（铅）板

coloured

corrugate

steel

(aluminium) plat;

profiuing

coloured

stccl

(aluminium) plat

石棉水泥瓦

ashestos- cement sheet

水磨石

terrajjo

水刷石

granite plaster

花岗石

granite

磨光花岗石

polished granite

剁斧石

artificial stone

大理石

marble

水泥砂浆抹面

cement plaster

石灰砂浆抹面

lime plaster

水泥石灰砂浆抹面

cement- lime plaster

刀灰打底

4

hemp-cut and lime as base

原木

Log

中空玻璃

hollow glass

钢化玻璃

insulation course

活动地板

raising

floor;

movable

floor;

skylight

天棚

ceiling

方木

square timber

板材

plank

胶合板

plywood

三夹板

3plywood

五夹板

5plywood

平板玻璃

flat glass

浮法玻璃

float-process glass

磨砂玻璃

ground glass; frosted glass

起

玻璃

prism glass

夹丝玻璃

Wire glass

夹层玻璃

sandwich glass

reinforced glass

镀膜玻璃

coating glass

有机玻璃

organic glass

4.4

建筑构造及配件

Building

construction

component

铺砌

paving

地坪

grade

基层

bedding

素土夯实

rammed earth

垫层

base

结合层

bonding course

面层

Covering

隔离层

access floor

篦子板

grating

地面提示块

ground prompt

&

遮阳板

sunshade

窗套

Window moulding

护角

curb guard

防水层

water-proof course

找平层

Leveling course

隔热层

heat insulation course

保温层

thermal insulation course

檩条

purlin

天窗

吊顶

suspending ceiling

吊顶龙骨

ceiling joist

雨水口

drain gulley

水斗

Lead head

雨水管

Leader; downspout

天沟

Valley

挑檐

overhanging eave

檐口

eave

泛水

flashing

分水线

watershed

檐沟

eave gutter

汇水面积

catchment area

雨罩

canopy

散水

apron

坡道

ramp

台阶

entrance steps

保温门

thermal insulation door

隔声门（窗）

sound insulation door (window);

acoustical door (window)

防火门（窗）

fire door (window)

冷藏门

freezer door

安全门

exit door

防护门（窗）

protection door (window)

屏蔽门（窗）

Shield door (window)

防风砂门

radiation resisting door (window)

密闭门（窗）

weather tight door

泄压门（窗）

pressure release door (window)

壁柜门

closet door

变压器间门

transformer room door

围墙门

gate

车库门

garage door

保险门

safe door

引风门

ventilation door

检修门

access door

平开门（窗）

side-hung door

推拉门（窗）

sliding door

弹簧门

swing door

折迭门

folding door

卷帘门

rolling door

转门

revolving door

夹板门

plywood door

拼板门

FLB

door

(framed,

Ledged

and

battened door);

matchboard door

实拼门

solid door

镶板门

panel door

镶玻璃门

glazed door

玻璃门

glass door

钢木门

steel & wooden door

百页门

shutter door

连窗门

door with side window

传递窗

delivery window

5

观察窗

observation window

换气窗

vent sast

上悬窗

top-hung window

中悬窗

center-pivoted window

下悬窗

bottom-hung window

立转窗

vertically pivoted window

固定窗

fixed window

单层窗

single window

双层窗

double window

百页窗

shutter

带形窗

continuous window

子母扇窗

attached sash window

组合窗

composite window

落地窗

French window

玻璃幕墙

glazed curtain wall

门（窗）框

door (window) frame

拼樘料

transom

（横），

mullion

门（窗）扇

door (window) leaf

(

平开窗扇

casement sash)

纱扇

screen sash

亮子

transom, fanlight

门心板

pancl

披水板

weather board

贴脸板

trim

筒子板

Lining

窗台板

sill plate

防护铁栅

barricade; iron grille; grating

合页

butts; hinges; butt hinges

执手

knob

撑档

catch

滑道

sliding track

插销

bolt

拉手

pull

推板

push plate

门锁

mortice lock; door lock

执手锁

mortice lock with knob

4.5

建筑结构

Building structure

4.5.1

荷载

Load

活荷载

Live load

静荷载，恒载

Dead load

静力荷载

Static load

移动荷载

Moving load

动力荷载

Dynamic load

冲击荷载

impact load

附加荷载

Superimposed load

规定荷载（又称标准荷载）

Specified Load

集中荷载

Concentrated Load

分布荷载

Distributed Load

设计荷载

Design Load

轴向荷载

Axial Load

偏心荷载

Eccentric Load

风荷载

Wind Load

6

风力、风压

Wind force

、

Wind Pressure

雪荷载

Snow Load

屋面积灰荷载

Roof ash Load

（吊车）最大轮压

Maximum Wheel Load

吊车荷载

Crane Load

安装荷载

Erection Load

施工荷载

Construction Load

不对称荷载

Unsymmetrical Loading

重复荷载

Repeated Load

刚性荷载

Rigid Load

柔性荷载

Flexible Load

临界荷载

Critical Load

容许荷载

Admissible

Load,

Allowable

（竖）

Load safe Load

极限荷载

Ultimate Load

条形荷载

Strip Load

破坏荷载

Failure Load, Load at failure

地震荷载

Seismic Load; Earthquake load

荷载组合

Combination of load

4.5.2

地基和基础

Soil and foundation

地基

(Bed)soil

天然地基

Natural ground

人工地基

Artificial ground

混凝土基础

Concrete

foundation;

Concrete

footing

毛石基础

Rubble masonry footing;

(Rubble) stone footing

砖基础

Brickwork footing

桩基础

Pile foundation

设备基础

Equipment foundation

机器基础

Machine foundation

独立基础

Individual

footing,

Isolated

foundation

Pad foundation

联合基础

Combined footing

大块式基础

Massive foundation

条形基础

Strip foundation; Strip footing

Strap footing; Continuous footing

方形基础

Square footing

杯形基础

Footing socket

板式基础

Slab- foundation; Mat footing

阶梯形基础

Stepped

foundation;

Benched

foundation

(Stepped footing)

扩展基础

spread footing

扩底基础

Under-reamed foundation

浮伐基地

Raft

foundation;

Buoyant

foundation

Floating foundation

沉箱（井）基础

Caisson foundation

构架式基础

Frame foundation

深基础

Deep foundation

基础

Footing Foundation

基槽

Foundation

ditch;

Foundation

trench

基坑

Foundation pit

基础板

Foundation slab

基础梁

7

Foundation beam Footing beam

基础底面

Foundation base

基础底板

Foundation mat

基础垫层

Foundation- bed

基础埋置深度

Depth of embedment foundation

地下连续墙

Undelground continuous wall

打桩

Pile driving

打桩机

Pile

engine;

Pile

driver;

Ram

mactuine

钢桩

Steel pile

水桩

Wood pile; Timber pile

钢筋混凝土桩

Reinforced concrete pile

砂桩

Sand pile

石灰桩

Lime

pile;

Lime

column;