研究生英语教材 部分课程书后翻译

L1

For English is killer. It is English that has

killed

off

Cumbric,

Cornish,

Norn

and

Manx. There are still parts of these islands

where

sizeable

communities

speak

languages

that

were

there

before

English.

Yet English is everywhere in everyday use

and

understood

by

all

or

virtually

all,

constituting

such

a

threat

to

the

three

remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish

Gaelic,

and

Welsh

…

that

their

long- term

future

must

be

considered

…

very

greatly

at risk.

因为英语是个杀手。正式英语造成了坎

伯兰语、康 沃尔语、诺恩语和马恩语等

语言的消亡。在这些岛上还有相当多的

人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语

言。

然而，

英语在日常生活中无处不在。

所有的人或几乎所有人都懂英语。英语

在显存的凯尔特语：爱尔兰语、苏格兰

盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之 大，

他们的未来岌岌可危。

He

also

associated

such

policies

with

a

prejudice

which

he

calls

linguicism

(a

condition

parallel

to

racism

and

sexism).

As

Phillipson

sees

it,

leading

institutions

and

individuals

within

the

predominantly

“

white

”

English- speaking world, have (by

design

or

default)

encouraged

or

at

least

tolerated---and

certainly

have

not

opposed---the

hegemonic

spread

of

English, a spread which began some three

centuries

ago

as

economic

and

colonial

expansion.

同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言

歧视（和种族歧视、性别歧视的情况类

似）

的偏见密切相关。

在菲利普森看来，

在以白人英语为主导的 世界，最重要的

机构和个人（有意或无意地）鼓励或者

至少是容 忍了（肯定没有反对）英语霸

权主义式的传播。这种传播始于三个世

纪之前的经济及殖民扩张。

By and large, we now view them as more

or

less

benign,

and

often

talk

with

admiration

and

appreciation

about

the

cultures

associated

with

them

and

what

they

have

given

to

the

world.

And

it

is

fairly

safe

to

do

this,

because

none

of

them now poses much of a threat.

总的来说，我们现在或多或少地把这些

语言看作有利的语言。在谈到与之相关

的文化及其未世界所作的贡献时，我们

常怀有崇敬与赞赏，而且 这样做也没有

太大的风险，因为这些语言现在亦不会

构成什么威 胁。

Yet many people see English as a blessing.

Let

me

leave

aside

here

the

obvious

advantages

possessed

by

any

world

language,

such

as

a

large

communicative

network,

a

strong

literary

and

media

complex,

and

a

powerful

cultural

and

educational apparatus. < /p>

然而许多人把英语看成是一件幸事。在

此我暂且不谈任何世界语言 所具有的明

显优势，例如广泛的通信网，强大的文

化传媒体系，

及强有力的文化教育机构。

English-speaking

South

Africans

of

British decent were not particularly strong

in opposing the apartheid regime, and the

black

opposition,

whose

members

had

many

languages,

was

at

first

weak

and

disorganized.

讲英语的南非英国后裔并不反对 种族隔

离政权，而黑人反对力量，其成员讲多

种语言，在初期软 弱无力且缺乏组织。

Such symbolism suggests that the users of

the

world

’

s

lingua

franca

should

seek

to

benefit

as

fully

as

possible

from

the

blessing

and

as

far

as

possible

avoid

invoking the curse.

这一象征表明这种 世界通用语言的使用

者应充分发掘这一幸事为我们带来的好

处， 同事尽可能避免找来灾难。

L2

Early

2002

，

President

Bush

sighed

the

mammoth No child Left Behind Act

2002

年初布什总统签署了一项《不让一

个孩子落 后》

的重大法案，

誓言要把

“困

在那些教育质量不佳又不进行改革的学

校里的孩子”解放出来。

2002

年

7

月

1

日美国教育部宣布有

8652