-
科技英语翻译
1.1
翻译的标准
第
1
节
翻译练习
1
The power
plant is the heart of a ship.
The power
unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction
motor.
动力装置是船舶的心脏。
驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台
50
马力的感应电动机。
第
1
节
翻译练习
2
Semiconductor devices, called
transistors, are replacing tubes in many
applications.
Cramped conditions means
that passengers’ legs cannot move around
freely.
All bodies are known
to possess weight and occupy space.
半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。
我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。
空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。
第
1
节
翻译练习
3
The removal
of minerals from water is called softening.
A typical foliage leaf of a plant
belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two
principal parts:
blade and petiole.
去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。
双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。
1.2
对译者的要求
第
4
节
翻译练习
1
Einstein’s
relativity theory is the only one which
can explain such phenomena.
All four
(outer planets) probably have cores of metals,
silicates, and water.
爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的
唯一理论。
（直译）
这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。
（意译）
The designer must have access to
stock lists of the materials he employs.
Part adjustment and repair must be
performed on
regular basis
if an acceptable printed product is
to
be the end product.
设计师必须备有所使用材料的储备表。
（意译）
要使印刷品的质量达到要求，部
件调试及修理就必须定期进行。
（意译）
第
4
节
翻译练习
2
The most
important of the factors affecting plant growth is
that it requires the supply of water.
The doctor analyzed the blood sample
for anemia.
The apparent change in size
of the sun is caused by dust in the air near the
horizon.
植物生长的各因素中最重要的是水的供应。
（合译）
太阳的大小看起来有变化
，这是由于靠近地平线的空气中有尘粒而引起的。
（分译）
<
/p>
医生对血样作了分析，看是不是贫血症。
（分译）
These fragments of
rock and iron range from thousand kilometers in
diameter to less than one.
Manufacturing processes may be
classified as unit production with small
quantities being made
and mass
production with large numbers of identical parts
being produced.
这些石块和铁块的碎片大小不等，大的直径有
1000
公里，小的不到
1
< br>公里。
（分译）
制造过程可以
分为单件生产和大量生产。
前者指的是生产少量的零件，
后者则
是指生产大量
相同的零件。
（分译）
1
第
4
节
翻译练习
3
Cartography
is the science of making maps.
Many
elements in nature are found to be mixtures of
different isotopes.
制图学是研究绘制地图的科学。
（增译）
人们发现，
自然界里许多元素，都是各种不同的同位素的混合物。
（增译）
The two units used most frequently in
electricity are ampere and volt: this is the unit
of voltage
and that of current.
That like charges repel but opposite
charges attract is one of the fundamental laws of
electricity.
电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特：后者是电压的单位
，前者是电流的单位。
（增译）
同性
电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸是电学的一个基本规律。
（省译）
第
4
节
翻译练习
4
Almost
any
insulated
body
processes
to
some
extent
the
ability
to
retain
for
a
time
an
electric
charge.
The angular contact
bearing provides a greater thrust capacity.
The properties of the weld can be
altered by varying the grain orientation.
几乎任何一种绝缘体都多少具有保留电荷一段时间的能力。
向心推力轴承有较大的轴向承载能力。
通过改变晶粒的方向可以改变焊缝的性能。
2.1
词义的选择
第
1
节
翻译练习
1
The spindle
rotates simultaneously round two axes at right
angles to each other.
The earth isn’t
completely round; it is slightly
flattene
d at the poles.
In
each round of operation the particle picks up
energy from the oscillating electric field.
锭子同时绕两个互相垂直的轴旋转。
（介词）
粒子每运转一周都从振荡电场获取新的能量。
（名词）
地球并非完全是圆的，它的两极略扁平。<
/p>
（形容词）
An electron
is an extremely small corpuscle with negative
charge which rounds about the nucleus
of an atom.
Her waist
measures forty inches round.
电子是绕原子核转动且
带有负电荷的极其微小的粒子。
（动词）
她腰围
40
英寸。
（副词）
第
1
节
翻译练习
2
Rate of
penetration was found to be proportional to the
net pressure applied by the tool.
Scientists are constantly striving to
find fast and convenient way of obtaining
quantitative data.
To find the area of
a square or oblong, you merely multiply its length
by its width.
Certain isotopes are not
found in nature.
人们发现钻孔速度与工具所受的净压力成正比。
求一正方形或长方形的面积，你只需将其长度乘以宽度。
科学家们总是力求找到快速而简便的方法获得定量数据。
有些同位素在自然界中并不存在。
New fibers find expanding applications
in engineering and industry.
Kangaroos
are found in Australia.
This plant is
found in the sea near the mouth of rivers.
Microcomputers have found their
application in the production of genius sensors.
2
Plastics find wide
application in our daily life.
大袋鼠产于澳大利亚。
这种植物生长在近河口的海中。
新发明的纤维在工程和工业领域得到越来越广泛的应用。
微型计算机已经应用于智能传感器的生产中。
塑料在我们的日常生活中得到广泛应用。
第
2
节
翻译练习
1
The cause
of rolling resistance is the deformation of mating
surfaces of the rolling element and the
raceway on which it rolls.
Traditionally,
NC
programming
has
been
performed
offline
with
the
machine
commands
being
contained on a punched
tape.
The occurrence of large mats of
floating algae may result in the death of many
fish from lack of
oxygen.
滚动
阻力的起因在于滚动体的配合面和它滚动的滚道的变形。
（技术性引申）
通常，数控机床的编程是脱机完成的，指令载于穿
孔带上。
（技术性引申）
大片大片漂
浮的藻类的出现导致很多鱼因缺氧而死亡。
（修辞引申）
The
splitting
of
the
uranium
or
plutonium
nucleus
is
accompanied
by
the
release
of
very
considerable amount of
energy.
The major contributors in
component technology have been in the
semiconductor.
The distance between the
two plates is small compared with their linear
dimensions.
Just as different solids
and liquids vary in density, so do gases and
vapors.
元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。
（具
体化引申）
两板之间的距离相对于其宽度和长度而言比较小。
（具体化引申）
< br>随着铀核和钚核的裂变，会有极其巨大的能量释放处理。
（修辞性引申）
正像不同的固体和液体的密度不同一样，不同的气体和蒸汽的密度也不
同。
（具体化引申）
The
Curies believed that there was something in nature
that gave out radiation.
Obviously,
there is much room for the improvement in the
structure.
At present coal is the most
common food of a steam plant.
The facts
have been set down in black and white.
显然，其结构还有较大的改进余地。
（抽象化引申）
目前，煤是火电厂最常用的能源。
（抽象化引申）
居里夫妇坚信，自然界中有一种物质能放出辐射能。
（具体化引申）
这些事实已经清清楚楚地
记录下来了。
（抽象化引申）
2.3
词类的转换
第
3
节
翻译练习
1
Each time a
sample was drawn for color determination.
What is certain is that the oil spill
has delivered a devastating blow to the ecology of
the Persian
Gulf.
We should
get familiar with different systems of units.
每次取一个标本测定颜色。
可以肯定，这场石油泄漏事件对波斯湾的生态是个惨重的打击。
我们应该熟悉各种（计量）单位制。
These decision-making processes are
applicable to the entire field of engineering
design--- not just
to mechanical
engineering design.
3
Hydrogen instead of air is frequently
used for cooling large turbogenerators.
When
the
war
was
over,
it
was
discovered
that
the
Germans
were
nowhere
near
success
in
developing nuclear weapons.
常以氢气代替空气来冷却大型汽轮发电机。
< br>第二次世界大战结束后，人们发现德国人在研制核武器方面离成功还很远。
这些判定过程可以应用于工程设计的整个领域，而不仅仅限于
机械工程设计。
Various precautions
have been taken against leakage.
Once
inside the oven, panels are subjected to a
temperature of 365°
F.
Value
is defined as a numerical ratio, the ratio of the
function, or performance, to the cost.
This new model should appeal to
potential buyers.
一旦进入烘干炉，板材就处于
< br>365
华氏度的温度条件下。
价值的定义是功能或性能与成本的数值比。
已采取了各种措施防止渗漏。
这种新式样对潜在的买主肯定有吸引力。
Galileo’s
experiments
are
not
difficult,
nor
is
there
any
evidence
that
h
e
performed
them
with
exceptional skill.
Sometimes
a scientist observes an object and its features,
for example a star or a bird; sometimes
he observes an event, which is
something that happens at a particular time.
Earthquakes are generally more
destructive of life than volcanic eruptions.
有时科学家观察一物体及其特征，
例如一颗星或一只鸟；
< br>有时科学家观察某一事件，
即在一
特定时间所发生的事。
地震对于生命的破坏通常大于火山爆发。
伽利略的实验并不难，也没有证据表明他是以非凡的技能来做实验的。
Heat should be applied slowly to avoid
localized overheating.
How rapidly a
fuel burns depends on how thoroughly it is mixed
with oxygen or air.
This is why a coil
is often referred to as an inductor.
一种
燃料燃烧的速度有多快，取决于它与氧气或空气混合的均匀程度。
这就是线圈常被叫做电感器的原因。
应当慢慢加热，以避免发生局部过热现象。
第
3
节
翻译练习
2
Practically
all
of
the
useful
properties
of
materials
are
strongly
dependent
on
their
internal
structure.
The metal casts
well.
A wire for conducting electric
current is covered with plastic; the plastic is
insulation round the
wire.
几乎材料的一切有用特性都与其内部的结构有密切的关系。
这种金属有良好的铸造性能。
传导电流的导线包有塑料，该塑料便是导线周围的绝缘材料。
There are many ways of determining the
distribution of the magnetism about a magnet.
Good lubrication keeps the bearings
from being damaged.
Safety in a power
plant is of great importance.
Most
modern transmitters employ solid state circuits.
安全在电厂是非常重要的。
现代发报机大多采用固体电路。
4
有许多方法来确定磁场周围的磁力分布状况。
润滑良好可保护轴承不受损伤。
E-Chemmerce now offers two main levels
of online business intelligence on chemical,
plastic and
energy e-commerce.
These images tend to exaggerate the
robot’s similarity to human anatomy and
behavior.
Aluminum remained
an expensive rarity till the discovery of the
electrolytic process for reducing
aluminum in 1886.
这些概念常常夸大了机
器人与人类在形体和行为方面的相似之处。
《电子化工商务》
目前主要提供两个层次的有关化学、
塑料和能源电子商务的在线
商务信息
服务。
直到
1886
年人们发现电解法还原铝之前，铝一直是一种昂贵的珍品。
Since
some
materials
are
not
damaged
easily
as
others,
the
possibility
exists
of
developing
radiation-resistant parts.
由
于有些材料不像另一些那样容易被损坏，所以有可能研制出防辐射的零件。
2.4
词的增译
第
4
节
翻译练习
2
第
4
节
翻译练习
1
This action
externally appears like the discharge of a
capacitor.
Once out of the earth’s
gravity, an astronaut is affected by still another
problem
--- weightlessness.
By minimizing the microscopic
imperfections scientists are making far stronger
ceramics.
这一作用从外表上看来像电容器的放电现象。
一旦离开了地球的引力范围，宇航员又遇到了另一个问题
——
< br>失重。
科学家们正通过最大限度地减小微观缺陷来制造
强度高得多的陶瓷。
Atomic cells are
small and very light, as compared to ordinary dry
ones.
Transistors can make previously
large equipment much smaller.
Astronomers have evidence of a few
other stars too, which might have black holes as
companions.
天文学家有证据表明，还有其他一些恒星也可能有黑洞作为伴
星。
和普通电池相比，原子电池体积小、重量轻。
晶体管能使原先体积大的设备变得小得多。
The
key
to
the
new
materials
is
researchers’
increasing
ability
to
manipulate
substances
at
the
molecular level.
The largest
and most expensive products cannot, because of
their size, be testable in the factory.
Cold rolling enables the operators to
produce rolls of accuracy and uniformity, and with
a better
surface finish.
最大最贵的产品，因为体积大，在该工厂里是不能检验的。
<
/p>
开发新材料的关键在于研究人员不断提高在分子一级上处理物质的能力。
< br>
冷轧可使操作工生产出精确度高、均匀度好的轧制件，并具有更好的表面光洁度
。
All these factors play a
key role in formulation of the model.
PCs are not the most stable, and with
video editing you have to be extra careful.
This method makes it easy to identify
the various components.
在拟订模型时，所有这些因素都将起到关键性的作用。
这个方法使人们很容易识别各种不同的构成成分。
个人电脑一般并不太稳定，所以，进行视频编辑时需要加倍小心。
第
4
节
翻译练习
2
5
It was estimated that the power of an
average horse is equal to 500 feet-pounds per
second.
Panel patch is one gauge
heavier than thickness of original skin.
Studies
have
shown
that
information
can
be
communicated
to
people
many
times
faster
in
a
graphic form than in
written form.
据估
计，一匹普通马的功率等于
500
英尺
-
磅力
/
秒。
补块比原板的厚度大一号。
众多研究
表明，以图形表示的信息被人们接受的速度比以文字表示的快许多倍。
The chemist is making an analysis of
the poison.
It
appears
that
the
construction
of
the
dam
has
had
a
considerable
effect
on
the
ecology
of
the
region.
The receiver will operate reliably no
matter what happens.
无论发生什么情况，这台接收机都将可靠地工作。
药剂师正对毒性进行分析。
看来，建造水坝对这一地区的生态已经有相当大的影响。
Radiant, electrical and chemical
energies can all be turned into heat.
The frequency, wave length and speed of
sound are closely related.
Noise figure
is minimized by
parametric
amplifier.
频率、波长和声速三者是密切相关的。
辐射能、电能和化学能这三种能均可转变为热能。
采用参量放大器即可将噪音系数减小至最低限度。
In the absence of sufficient knowledge
confusion exists in classifying a specimen as a
butterfly or
a moth.
Lead
can be hammered into very thin sheets without
being broken.
There are a number of
devices that give an electric current when light
falls on them, without any
chemical
changes taking place.
如果没有足够的知识，就分不清标本是属蝶类还是蛾类。
有许多器件在受光照射时能产生电流，但不发生任何化学变化。
铅能被锤成很薄的薄片而不破裂。
2.5
词的省译
第
5
节
翻译练习
1
The fact
that the concrete is slow in setting is no sign
that it is of poor quality.
Such an
engine is called an internal combustion engine.
The symptoms of hepatitis are similar
no matter which virus is involved.
混凝土凝固得慢并不表示其质量差。
这种发动机成为内燃机。
肝炎不管是由何种病毒引起的，其症状均大同小异。
This critical deficiency was itself due
to three factors which interacted with each other
over the
entire period.
The
properties change in going from carbon to
graphite.
The design choices hinge upon
considerations of gain, noise figure, and so
forth.
设计选择的关键在于考虑增益、噪音系数等等。
这个关键性的逆差来源于三个始终互相影响的因素。
碳转变成石墨时，其性质也发生了变化。
Temperatures may reach 700°
C
and surface oxidation becomes critical.
6
If the atomic nucleus of a
heavy element is split, a large amount of energy
is released.
The discovery of enzymes
is very important because it gave impetus to a
series of experiments.
分裂一重元素的原子核，会释放出很大的能量。
温度高达
700
摄氏度，表面氧化便成为关键问题。
酶的发现很重要，因为它推动了一系列试验的进行。
Apart
from
the
fact
that
it
may
become
hot,
no
apparent
change
occurs
in
a
metal
when
it
is
carrying a
current.
This equipment forms an
integral part of many advanced systems.
There was a rise in temperature, and as
a result, the component failed.
金属有电流通过时，除了金属可能变热外没有什么显著变化。
温度升高了，结果元件出了故障。
这个设备是许多先进系统不可缺少的一部分。
If
there
is
little
cooling
water
available,
a
diesel
engine
makes
an
excellent
prime
mover
for
generation below 10,000 kV
A.
There was a block in the pipe and the
water could not flow away.
如果能利用的冷却水不多，
则柴油发动机可以成为极好的发电
10000
千伏安以下的原动
机。
水管被东西堵住，水流不出去。
2.6
重复法
第
6
节
翻译练习
1
The
properties of gas are quite different from those
of liquid.
The electric resistance of
copper is not so large as that of iron.
The three gas laws are true of all
gases, as well as of air.
气体的性质与液体的性质大不
相同。
（重复名词）
气体三定律不但
适用于空气，也适用于所有气体。
（重复动词）
铜的电阻不像铁的电阻那样大。
（重复名词）
Matter changes not only in state but
also in volume.
Continuous data can be
expressed in either fractions or whole numbers.
物质不仅形态改变而且体积也改变。
（重复动词）
< br>
连续资料可以用分数表示，也可以用整数表示。
（重复
动词）
3.1
名词的译法
第
1
节
翻译练习
1
In an
unusual application, this organization uses a
fingerprint scanner to monitor the comings and
goings of its residents.
A
capacitor is used to eliminate sparking when a
circuit containing inductance is suddenly opened.
一个不同寻常的用途是：这个机构使用指纹扫描器监视居住人员的进出。
当含有电感的电路突然断开时，可用电容器消除火花。
第
1
节
翻译练习
2
The
comparison reveals that the error is due to
aliasing.
The scans confirmed that the
subjects’ brains dealt with words in ways that
contradict one hoary
old idea.
The latest research with radioactive
isotopes has shown that this assumption is quite
wrong.
比较结果表明，误差是由于名称不同而造成的。
扫描结果证实，受试者的大脑处理词的方式同一种古老的旧观念不一致。
对放射性同位素的最新研究结果表明，这种设想是完全错误的。
7
Metals differ in the ease
with which they give up electrons and enter into
chemical combination.
Internal-shoe
drum brakes provide better protection from water
and dust.
People
on
earth
are
protected
from
the
dangerous
ultraviolet
radiation
of
the
sun
by
a
layer
or
ozone that spans the
planet and absorbs the radiation.
各种金属放出电子和参与化学反应的难易程度不一。
内蹄式鼓形制动器的防水、防尘性能比较好。
地球上的人们受到包围着地球并能吸收辐射的一层臭氧层的保护，
从而免受危险
的太阳紫外
线辐射的伤害。
According to the molecular theory the
temperature of an object depends on the average
speed of
its molecules.
Effectiveness of temperature control
depends upon the amount of lubricant supplied, the
ambient
temperature, and the external
cooling.
根据分子理论的原理，物体的温度取决于其分子的平均速度。
温度控制的效果取决于润滑剂的用量、环境温度以及外部的冷却设施。
< br>
第
1
节
翻译练习
3
Particular
attention should be given to hoses to ensure that
chafing does not occur.
The primary
concern of electrical engineering is the doing of
work by the delivery of energy.
Gene
piracy is not new.
All plants and
animals need carbon for growth.
要特别注意软管，保证没有擦伤。
窃取基因不是新鲜事。
电工学主要关注的是通过输送能量做功的情况。
所有动植物均需要碳才能生长。
第
1
节
翻译练习
4
The
experiment was a success.
Semiconductor
devices can perform a variety of control function
in electronic equipment.
这个试验是成功的。
半导体在电子设备中能起各种各样的控制作用。
3.2
冠词的译法
第
2
节
翻译练习
1
A polymer
is a substance of high molecular weight.
Being a good insulator, rubber is often
used in cables.
The patient was
administered the mixture twice a week.
These machines may be oiled once or
twice a month.
聚合物是一种高分子的物质。
这种混合剂病人每周服用两次。
橡胶是一种良好的绝缘体，所以经常使用在电缆上。
这些机器每个月可以加一次或两次油。
第
2
节
翻译练习
2
A
bearing
can
be
defined
as
a
member
specifically
designed
to
support
moving
machine
components.
Use a transformer and power at low
voltage can be changed into power at high voltage.
An object at rest has no kinetic
energy, its velocity being zero.
轴承可以定义为一种专门用于支撑运动着的机器零件的构件。
8
静止的物体没有动能，因为它的速度为零。
使用变压器可将低压电转变为高压电。
第
2
节
翻译练习
3
作为固定词组时的省译：
on a
large scale
a majority of
a wealth of
as a
result
结果，因此
大规模地
大多数的
大量的
第
2
节
翻译练习
4
The machine
is intended for grinding the top and bottom
surfaces of tungsten carbide tips.
The
mechanism has been termed cumulative feedback
inhibition.
该机床是供磨削硬质合金刀片上下表面用的。
这种机制就叫做累加反馈抑制。
第
2
节
翻译练习
5
The basic
job of the computer is the processing of
information.
The main effect is to
raise the fundamental slosh mode frequency.
计算机的基本任务是处理信息。
主要作用在于提高基本的晃动频率。
第
3
章
总复习题
Other
factors affect the configuration of the total
system.
In normal flight the hatch
doors fair into the fuselage.
Energy
can neither be created, nor destroyed by any means
known to man.
另一些因素则将影响整个系统的结构。
飞行正常时，舱门与机身平整贴合。
用人们已知的方法，既不能创造能量也不能消灭能量。
It is customary to refer to design
levels as high or low on component complexity.
The main economy of the system stems
from the ability to move cars in a continuous
train without
uncoupling.
He
is a stranger to the operation of the electronic
computer.
他对电子计算机的操作是陌生的。
习惯上根据部件的复杂程度把设计级称为高设计级和低设计级。
此系统的主要经济之处在于它能移动列车的车厢而不必将它们脱钩分开。
A key element in system capacity
planning is the financial cost of performance.
The assembler can expand the key words
in the assembly code into their full instruction
set.
The flame does not touch the flask
directly.
这种汇编程序能把汇编码中的关键字扩展成完整的指令集。
系统能力计划中关键因素是性能的金融成本。
火焰没有直接接触烧瓶。
The
study of the strength of solids involves the study
of the defects in the crystalline structure.
The problem was solved by the provision
of a compensating jet.
9
The
rusting of iron is the slow chemical combination
of the elements iron and oxygen in moist
atmosphere.
研究固体的强度，就必须研究晶体结构中的缺陷。
铁生锈是铁元素和氧元素在湿空气中缓慢化合的现象。
通过安装一个补偿喷嘴，解决了这个问题。
The decay of organic matter is a slow
oxidation by oxygen in the air.
In
order
to
improve
a
certain
kind
of
battery,
Edison
spent
almost
ten
years
and
made
nearly
50,000 experiments.
有机物的腐烂是空气中的氧引起的一种缓慢氧化过程。
为了改善一种电池的性能，爱迪生花了差不多十年时间，做了近
500
00
次试验。
4.1
代词的一般译法
第
1
节
翻译练习
1
In this
cell the light incident on the sensitive surface
of the cell causes the photo-electric emission
of electrons from the surface, and
these electrons are attracted to the other
electrode.
The owl can hear a mouse
chewing and fly down on it, even though it is
hidden from sight under a
pile of
leaves.
在这种电池中，照在电池光敏表面光电效应而发射电子，而这些电子被
吸引到另一电极。
即使老鼠躲藏在一堆叶子下看不见的地方，
猫头鹰也能听见老鼠咀嚼的声音而飞下来袭击
它。
This might be compared with the mumble
of wavelengths of sound that go to make up
ordinary
noise.
这可以与杂乱的声波相比，
一般的噪音就是由这种杂乱的声波组成的。
第
1
节
翻译练习
2
Drawing
electrons away from the atom causes it to have a
net positive electric charge.
Each
crystal should have a shape as much like that of
the other crystals as possible.
将电子与原子分离会使原子带上纯净正电荷。
每一结晶的形状应与其他结晶的形状尽可能相似。
第
1
节
翻译练习
3
Every
element retains its identity no matter how it is
finely divided.
Astronomers can
estimate the size and brightness of a star by its
color.
每种元素不论分得怎样细小，它仍保持其特征。
天文学家根据恒星的颜色可以估计它的大小和亮度。
第
1
节
翻译练习
4
Many
processes
have
already
been
proposed,
and
one
possible
future
process
is
a
smelting
reduction.
It is possible to work backward from
the known strength and determine what factor of
safety was
used.
Each is a
solid sphere with a metallic core surrounded by
silicate shells.
我们能够由已知的强度反过来求出所用的安全系数。
它们每一颗都是由硅酸盐外壳包围着金属内核的固态球体。
<
/p>
人们已经提出了很多方法，未来可能的选择之一就是熔融还原法。
第
1
节
翻译练习
5
In this
chapter our task is to find out what the air is
made of.
Today we have a fairly clear
idea of what goes on inside of atom.
10
Practically all of the heat energy
received by the earth comes from the sun.
现在我们对原子内部的情况已相当清楚了。
地球所得到的热能几乎都来自于太阳。
在这一章中，我们的任务是弄清空气的构成成分。
4.2
人称代词的译法
第
2
节
翻译练习
1
You can
decide what resolution and compression level is
best for your output.
We’ll do
everything possible to improve the supply of
el
ectricity.
You can find
the density of a body providing you know its mass
and volume.
We must be very careful to
avoid trying to express energy in terms of power
units.
我们将尽一切努力来改善电力供应。
只要知道物体的质量和体积，就可求出物体的密度。
你可以决定哪种溶解和压缩程度对成品最好。
必须注意避免用功率单位表示能量。
第
2
节
翻译练习
2
It may
require the taking of a large sample as in macro
analysis.
If an atom contains three
protons, it must have three electrons to be
electrically neutral.
如果一个原子有三个质子，这个原子必
然有三个电子来使其呈电中性。
它可能要求像宏观分析中那样采用大的样本。
4.3
形容词性物主代词的译法
第
3
节
翻译练习
1
The density
of anything is its mass per unit volume.
Each substance shows an individual
structure of its own.
One of the
drawbacks of the early lasers was their inability
to operate continuously.
每一种物质都显示出它自己的独特结构。
任何物体的密度是它的每单位体积的质量。
早期激光器的缺点之一是它们不能连续地工作。
第
3
节
翻译练习
2
In their
workshop there is no one who understands how a
computer uses its tubes.
Transistors
are more advantageous to vacuum tubes for their
being small and light.
The transformer
cannot be called a machine because of its having
no moving parts.
晶体管优于真空管，因为它尺寸小、重量轻。
在他们车间，无人能理解计算机是怎样使用其电子管的。
变压器不能称为机器，因为它没有转动的部件。
第
3
节
翻译练习
3
According
to
their
ability
to
conduct
electric
current,
all
materials
may
be
classified
into
three
major
categories: conductors, semiconductors and
insulators.
You shouldn’t have touched
the wi
re with your wet hands.
你不该用湿手触摸导线。
根据导电的
性能不同，所有的材料可分为三大类：导体、半导体和绝缘体。
第
3
节
翻译练习
4
Heating
semiconductors means increasing their
conductivity.
Triangles can be
classified according to their angles or the
relative lengths of their sides.
According to their composition, these
raw materials may be separated into three groups.
11
The brain has its
managing system.
三角形可按照其角度或其相对边长来分类。
根据这些原材料的构成成分，它们可以分为三种类型。
加热半导体就会增加其导电率。
大脑有自己的管理系统。
4.4
指示代词的译法
第
4
节
翻译练习
1
All atoms,
except those of hydrogen, contain one or more
neutrons in the nucleus.
The speed of
the object approaches that of light.
The geometry of the test specimens
differs from the geometry of those used in tension
tests.
所用试件的形状和尺寸与拉伸试验的试件不同。
除了氢原子外，所有的原子都有一个或几个中子。
该物体的速度接近光速。
第
4
节
翻译练习
2
It
diffracts the diffracted beam and this means that
it generates an inverse transform.
Heat
is a form of energy and that is known to all of
us.
They used the transformers of poor
quality, and this caused the whole power supply
system break
down.
他们用了一批劣质的变压器，使得整个供电系统陷于瘫痪。
热是能的一种形式，这是大家都知道的。
它对衍射光束发生衍射，这意味着它产生了一个逆变换。
第
4
节
翻译练习
3
This is a
simple criterion that guarantees the existence of
such a representation.
The percentage
of such cases among surgical patients can be
determined in the following manner.
在接受
手术的病人中，这样的病例所占的百分比可用下述方法确定。
这是确保这种等值表达式存在的一个简单标准。
第
4
节
翻译练习
4
As
a
rule
solids
and
liquids
expand
when
heated,
water
does
the
same
except
near
its
freezing
point.
The same is true when an alternating
voltage is applied to a resistance.
按照固
体和液体遇热膨胀的原理，水除了接近其冰点的情况之外也是如此。
当交流电压加在电阻上时，情况也是一样的。
第
4
节
翻译练习
5
All motion
in this universe is the form of successively
rising and falling.
Series do have the
advantage of increasing resistance to reduce
current when this is desirable.
串联电路的确有
这样的优点：在需要时可以增加电阻来减少电流。
宇宙内的一切运动，均处在连续上升和下降的状态中。
4.5
不定代词的译法
第
5
节
翻译练习
1
All these
elements can be used in semiconductor manufacture.
All transformers and electric machinery
use magnetic material.
All the shafts
were cut from heavy planks of wood.
所有的变压器和电机都使用磁性材料。
在半导体生产中，所有这些元件都能用上。
12
箭杆都是用厚木板削制而成的。
Almost all who die of AIDS actually die
of starvation.
All the currents at node
were not to add up to zero.
Not all the
energy from an antenna is radiated in the main
beam.
Not all people who test positive
for the AIDS antibody get the disease AIDS.
几乎所有丧命爱滋病的患者都是死于饥饿。
并非所有节点上的电流总和为零。
天线能量并不都是由主波束辐射的。
并不是所有的爱滋病抗体试验为阳性的人都患有爱滋病。
第
5
节
翻译练习
2
The
equipment will compensate for any dimensional
variations caused by wheel wear.
Any
portion of the flight control system may be
readily removed in any sequence by the removal
of attaching bolts and nuts.
Which, if any, of the three statements
below are false?
拆卸了原装的螺钉及螺母，便可很快地按任意顺序
拆除飞机控制系统的任何部分。
该装置对砂轮磨损引起的任何尺寸误差给予补偿。
下面三种说法中如果有错，那么是其中的哪一种？
What, if any, effect do you feel the
imports of Canadian gas will have on the American
producer?
There are few, if any, of
them know the construction of the transformer.
你觉得进口加拿大的天然气对美国的生产者可能产生什么影响吗？
他们当中几乎没人懂得变压器的结构。
第
5
节
翻译练习
3
Both
alternatives are presented on the screen.
Velocity is a vector quantity involving
both magnitude and direction.
速度是一种矢量，既有大小，又有方向。
两种选择都在屏幕上显示出来了。
第
5
节
翻译练习
4
Each of the
bits has a different optimum cutting speed.
There are many types of efficient water
pumps, each designed to meet a specific need.
Every element, no matter how it is
finely divided, retains its identity.
效率高的水泵有多种类型，每一种都用来满足某个特定的需要。
每个钻头都有一个不同的最佳切割速度。
每种元素不论分得怎样细小，仍保持该元素的特征。
One half of the medium was renewed
every three days.
It has an error rate
of one or two words in every hundred.
Not every minute difference is noted.
每三天更换一半溶剂。
误差率是每百字有一两个错误。
并非每一个细微的差别都被注意到了。
第
5
节
翻译练习
5
Without
electricity neither machine could be stared.
I believe either method will do.
我看两种方法中的任何一种都行。
没有电，这两台机器都开动不了。
13
第
5
节
翻译练习
6
Sometimes
one finds in fossil stones the imprint of a leaf.
The last sound to reach the receiving
ship is the one that hits the basement.
Neutrinos from a subsidiary decay
process are the ones to be detected.
传到接收船上的最后的声音就是碰到底层的声音。
有时人们能在化石里发现一片树叶的痕迹。
有待探测的中微子来自次要的衰变过程。
Driving machines are always the
opposite of driven ones.
One of the
most successful methods of achieving this depends
on the use of fluidization.
One of the
uses of the triode is that it can amplify.
主动机和从动机总是相反的。
达到这一目的的最成功的方法之一就是采用流化技术。
三极管的用途之一是放大。
Ones
who make the decisions on what went into the
system are programmers.
Ones who claim
ECT is both effective and safe, in fact, cannot
prove it.
There are two 300MW thermal
power units in this power plant. One is made in
China; the other is
imported from
Germany.
决定要把什么写进系统的人是专业编程人员。
那些宣称电痉挛疗法既有效又安全的人，实际上并无法证明他们的观点。
这家电厂有两台
30
千瓦火力发电机组，一
台是国产的，另一台是从德国进口的。
There
are
two
kinds
of
electric
currents.
One
is
the
direct
current;
the
other
is
the
alternating
current.
电流有两种，一种是直流电流，另一种是交流电流。
第
5
节
翻译练习
7
This
chemical is poisonous. Others are poisonous, too.
Some parts require a hard, tough metal
and others may be made of softer metals.
The coolant serves no other purpose
than to remove excess heat.
Some atomic
nuclei undergo spontaneous disintegration while
others do not.
冷却剂除了排除多余的热以外没有任何其他用处。
这些化学制品有毒，别的化学制品也有毒。
< br>有些零件需要由硬的韧性金属制成，而有些则可由软的金属制成。
有的原子核会同时裂变，而另外一些却不会。
第
5
节
翻译练习
8
Another
method is available to increase the system
capacity.
Heat
is
always
being
transferred
in
one
way
or
another,
where
there
is
any
difference
in
temperature.
凡有温差的地方，热都会以这样或那样的方式传输。
还有另一种可增加系统容量的方法。
第
5
节
翻译练习
9
Some metals
burn more readily than others.
To
specify a distance, we must use some unit of
length.
When an object is warmer than
the surrounding region, it loses some of its heat
by radiation.
The particles require
some a day to reach the earth.
为了确定距离，我们必须使用某种长度单位。
14
有些金属比另一些金属更容易燃烧。
当一个物体比周围环境热时，该物体会通过辐射失去它的一些热量。
这些粒子大约需要一天的时间才能到达地球。
4.6 it
及其句型的译法
第
6
节
翻译练习
1
It moves or
rotates by a fixed amount each time an electrical
pulse is applied to it.
To help avoid
information overload, it (virtual convergence)
will do this intelligently.
The earth
rotates as it travels through space.
As
current flows through a conductor, it sets up a
magnetic field.
为了避免信息过载，它（虚拟连接）将会智能化地进行操作。
对它每加一个电脉冲，它就移动或旋转一个固定的量。
地球在空间运行时，它还要自转。
电流通过导体，便产生磁场。
第
6
节
翻译练习
2
It
is
a
$$12-billion
industry
whose
factories,
numbering
in
the
hundreds,
are
found
all
over
the
world.
It is twenty meters in height.
< br>那个行业资金达
120
亿美元，工厂有上千家，遍布世界
各地。
高度为
20
< br>米。
第
6
节
翻译练习
3
It is very
far to the airport.
It is raining hard.
到机场很远。
雨下得很大。
第
6
节
翻译练习
4
It is
recommended that the screw be used to increase
accuracy of measurement.
By using a
laser, it is possible to throw very large and very
clear television pictures on to a screen.
It was pointed out that while the lead
obtained from the disintegration of radium
possessed all the
characteristics of
ordinary lead, it differed from it in atomic
weight.
使用激光器，可以将很大很清晰的电视图像投射到屏幕上。
建议使用螺杆调节，以提高测量的精确度。
< br>前已指出，虽然由镭蜕变而获得的铅具有普通铅的一切特性，但其原子量与普通铅不同。
< br>
第
6
节
翻译练习
5
It
necessitates careful design of the apparatus to
get rid of the heat.
It is unknown when
to begin to make transportable transformers.
It
is
interesting
to
compare
the
energy
needed
to
place
a
satellite
in
orbit
with
the
energy
that
would be required to cause it to
escape.
什么时候开始制造移动式变压器还不知道。
除热需要对设备进行仔细设计。
把一
颗卫星送入轨道所需的能量和使卫星脱离地球所需要的能量进行比较是很有意思的。
第
6
节
翻译练习
6
It
used
to
be
thought
that
when
you
see
a
word
and
speak
it,
several
stages
of
processing
are
involved.
It
must
be
remembered
that
the
condition
may
be
silent
until
haematemesis,
melaena
or
15
perforation
occurs.
It is known that electronic
computers play an important part in science and
technology.
大家必须记住，在呕血、黑便，或穿孔发生之前，该病可能无
症状。
过去人们常常认为一个词从看见到念出来包括好几个处理阶段。
我们知道，电子计算机在科学和技术方面起着重要作用。
第
6
节
翻译练习
7
It
follows
that
any
form
of
preheat
adds
to
the
welder’s
difficulties
and
causes
discomfort,
particularly
when welding at high preheat temperature levels
inside vessels.
It can be concluded
that temperatures on the surface of Venus is too
hot for life as known on earth.
It had
been calculated that actual error probability for
the value was of the order of 0.5 percent.
由此可见，
任何形式的预热都会增加焊工的困难，
使他
们身感不适，
在容器内高温预热下施
焊时尤其如此。
可以断定，金星表面的温度过热，地球上的生物是不能适应的。
据计算，这个数值的实际误差概率约为
0.5%
。
第
6
节
翻译练习
8
It makes no
difference when inducing an e.m.f., which moves,
the coil or the magnet.
It is essential
that the body of the machine is effectively
earthed.
在感应出电动势时，是线圈运动还是磁铁运动，这没有区别。
这机器的机身必须有效接地，这一点十分重要。
第
6
节
翻译练习
9
The heating
effect makes it possible to produce the light.
We find it possible to transform a.c.
into d.c. by using a rectifier.
We
think it true that the human body is also a good
conductor.
热效应使产生光成为可能。
我们发现能用整流器将交流电变成直流电。
人体也是一种良好的导体，我们认为这点是正确的。
第
6
节
翻译练习
10
It is the
voltmeter which we use to measure the voltage.
It
is
through
this
interface
that
the
substation
operator
must
control
and
monitor
the
entire
substation.
It was not until I came in that he
began to repair the old generator.
我们用来测量电压的就是伏特计。
变电站运行人员正是通过这个界面控制和监视整个变电站的。
直到我进来，他才开始修理那台老式发电机。
It was not until the 19th century that
heat was considered as a form of energy.
直到
19
世纪，热才被认为是能的一种形式。
第
4
章
总复习题
The rise in
temperature could not have happened of itself.
Be the shape of a body complicated, it
is possible to find out its volume.
The
more energy we desire to send, the higher we make
the voltage.
The most typical humanlike
characteristic of a robot is its arm.
温度上升不可能是出于自身的原因。
不论物体的形状如何复杂，人们均可求出它的体积。
要求输送的电能越多，就得使电压升得越高。
16
机器人最具人性化的特点就是它的机械臂。
In
our
studies
of
the
implications
for
the
First
Law,
we
were
able
to
see
the
importance
of
the
distinction between state and path
functions.
The first job of an electron
tube is to get the electrons apart from their
nuclei.
That type of turbine usually
rotates at a very low speed.
那种汽轮机通常以非常低的速度运转。
我们研究第一定律时，可以明白区分状态函数和路径函数的重要性。
电子管的第一项工作就是使电子与其原子核分开。
Small objects such as dust particles
and water droplets fall only small distances
before losing most
of their
acceleration.
The same has happened to
the central control system.
There’s
hardly any room for any impurities in such a
microfiber.
中心控制系统也发生过同样的事故。
小物体，比如尘粒和水珠，仅仅下落了一小段距离后便失去了其大部分的加速度。
在这种微纤维中，杂质几乎没有存在的可能。
His instances were Lennard and Stark,
both of them were Nobel laureates but later became
fervent
followers of Hitler.
The primacy function of a regulator is
to supply constant pressure to each device.
The best use of these equations is in
checking the theoretical analyses using the other
approaches.
他举出勒纳德及史塔克为例子。
这两
个人都得过诺贝尔奖，
但后来却成了狂热的希特勒信徒。
这些方程式最大的用处是可对采用了其他方法的理论分析进行检验。
调节器的基本功能是给每个装置提供稳定的电压。
It is desirable to characterize
electrical noise as accurately as possible.
It
is
known
that
local
weather
can
be
affected
within
a
few
days
by
meteorological
conditions
thousands of miles away from here.
需要尽可能准确地表征电噪音。
我们
知道，当地的天气在几天内会受到几千英里以外地区气象状况的影响。
5.1
数词的译法
第
1
节
翻译练习
1
Liquid
bromine boils at 58°
C at which
temperature it changes into a reddish-brown gas.
Move to the next operation after the
voltage reaches 150V
.
Tests
have shown that the energy saving can rise about
40 percent.
液态溴在
58
摄氏度时沸腾，在这个温度它变成红褐色的气体。
等电压到
了
150
伏时，进行下一个操作。
<
/p>
试验证明，能量节约可增加
40%
左右。
第
1
节
翻译练习
2
Of many
thousands spare parts does not come up to the
standard but one.
A lot of counties
have set up power stations, chemical fertilizer
plants and a hundred and one other
factories.
The periodic
table contains more than one hundred chemical
elements belonging to eight families.
在几千个备件中，只有一个不合格。
许多县已建立了发电站、化肥厂以及许多别的工厂。
元素周期表由属于
8
个族的
100
多个化学元素组成。
These materials become quite soft and
flexible below 150°
C.
17
An increase in the oxygen content of
coal by 1% reduces that calorific value by some
1.7%.
Nearly 25 neurotransmitters have
been found so far.
这些材料在
150<
/p>
摄氏度以下变得十分柔软、易于弯曲。
煤的含氧量每增加
1%
，其热值就下降约
1.7%
。
迄今为止，已经发现了
大约
25
种神经传递素。
第
1
节
翻译练习
3
With the
result of automation, productivity has increased
by 5 times in that factory.
The sales
of industrial electronic products have increased
to six times.
The output of the machine
tools has multiplied four times.
The
current has increased by a factor of three.
由于自动化的结果，那个工厂的生产率提高到
5
倍。
工业电子产品的销售额增加了
5
倍。
机床产量增加了
3
倍。
电流增加了
2
倍。
第
1
节
翻译练习
4
This type
of furnace uses 4 times more electricity than that
type does.
This rod is 4 times longer
than that one.
The oxygen atom is
nearly 16 times as heavy as the hydrogen atom.
这种炉的耗电量是那种炉耗电量的
4
倍。
这根杆比那根长
3
倍。
氧原子的原子量几乎是氢原子量的
16
倍。
The atomic
weight of helium is four times heavier than that
of hydrogen.
In rolling bearing the
starting friction is about twice the running
friction.
氦原子量比氢原子量重
3
倍。
滚动轴承的启动摩擦大概是转动摩擦的
2
倍。
第
1
节
翻译练习
5
The leads
of the new condenser are shortened by six times.
The operation of cost decreased by five
times.
The loss of electricity was
reduced by a factor of four.
The pipe
is four times lighter than that one.
新型
电容器的引线缩短了
5/6
。
成本运行降至
1/5
。
这根管子重量是那根的
1/4
。<
/p>
电损减少了
3/4
。
第
1
节
翻译练习
6
Weld
strength can be increased by 45 percent.
Tests have shown that the energy
consuming can be reduced by 30 percent.
The loss of energy has been reduced to
less than 10 percent.
焊接强度可增加
45%
。
试验证明，能量消耗可减
低
30%
。
能量损耗可减至不足
10%
。
Its grain output was 18 percent higher
than that in 1998.
The steel output is
30 percent higher than that of last year.
< br>其粮食产量比
1998
年高出
1
8%
。
18
钢产比去年增加了
30%
。
第
1
节
翻译练习
7
Ten to one,
the experiment is unlikely to produce good
results.
These figures show that the
improvement of molecular refraction is within a
factor of ten.
十有八九，这项试验不可能得出好的结果。
这些数字表明分子折射度的改进值为一个数量级。
5.2
形容词的译法
第
2
节
翻译练习
1
Suitable
treatment shall be given as soon as possible to
avoid hydrogen embrittlement.
Complex
computer systems are prone to software hitches.
The parts must be very strong so that
they may not break in use.
This kind of
steel becomes very hard and very brittle when
hardened.
尽快予以适当的处理，以免氢蚀脆化。
复杂的计算机系统容易出现软件故障。
零件必须十分坚固，才不会在使用中破损。
这种钢淬火后就变得很硬很脆。
第
2
节
翻译练习
2
Hydrogen is
about one-fourteenth as dense as air.
Helium is a very light gas, only twice
as heavy as hydrogen.
Ice floats
because it is not as dense as water.
氢的
密度大约是空气密度的
1/14
。
<
/p>
氦气是一种很轻的气体，重量仅为氢气的
2
倍。
冰浮起是因为它的密度比水的密度小。
第
2
节
翻译练习
3
In
the
thermosciences
area,
the
mechanical
engineer
is
concerned
with
thermodynamics,
fluid
mechanics, and heat transfer.
This in a large measure is responsible
for the high accuracy obtainable from such
systems.
The
transmission
ratio
is
dependent
upon
the
ratio
of
the
number
of
teeth
of
the
meshing
gear
wheels.
在热学领域，机械工程师关心的是热力学、流体力学和传热学。
在很大程度上，这是从这类系统中获得高精度的原因。
传动比取决于两个啮合齿轮的齿数比。
Once the engine is underway, these
auxiliaries are turned off.
发动机一旦启动，这些辅助设备就关闭了。
第
2
节
翻译练习
4
Recent
discoveries have been made concerning the peculiar
properties of certain semiconductors.
Research and development is of
particular importance to aerospace industry.
In copper and most pure metals there is
an appreciable increase in resistance with an
increase in
temperature.
最近，对于某些半导体的奇怪特性有一些发现。
研究和发展对航空航天工业非常重要。
在铜和大部分纯金属中，随着温度的升高，电阻也会明显增大。
One of the drawbacks of the early
lasers was their inability of continuous
operation.
These metal ions interfere
with electron flow and cause a great decrease in
electron motion.
19
Lubricating oils are used to ensure the
smooth running of the machine.
早期激光器的缺点之一是它不能连续工作。
这些金属离子阻碍电子流动，引起电子运动大幅减弱。
使用润滑油是为了确保机器正常运转。
第
2
节
翻译练习
5
The
most
common
application
for
bearing
is
the
support
of
a
rotating
shaft
that
is
transmitting
power from one
location to another.
The World Wide Web
is a unique medium for communication and for
publishing.
轴承最常见的应用是支撑旋转轴将功率从一处传至另一处。
万维网是一个独特的通讯和出版媒体。
第
2
节
翻译练习
6
A practical
means of transferring geothermal energy is to
convert it to electric power.
An
electron, if moving, produces a magnetic field.
将地热能转变成电能是输送这种能量的一种切实可行的办法。
电子如果运动，就会产生磁场。
第
2
节
翻译练习
7
Needle
bearings have a high load capacity.
Considerable
effort
must
be
expended
to
ensure
consistent
blast
volume,
humidity
and
temperature.
滚针轴承的承载能力大。
还要在确保风量、湿度和温度稳定方面做出相当大的努力。
第
2
节
翻译练习
8
The gear
teeth should have the strength sufficient to
operate.
We’ll do everything possible
to improve the su
pply of electricity.
We hope everything ready for the
operation.
Scientists have found a
method of measurement suitable for most island
waters and coastal areas.
齿轮的齿必须具备足够的运转强度。
我们将尽一切努力来改善电力供应。
我们希望一切在开工之前就绪。
科学
家们已经找到了一种适合大多数岛屿的近海和沿海地区的测量方法。
Coal is a kind of fuel suitable for
power generation.
The only transformer
available is produced in Shanghai.
煤是一种适合发电的燃料。
唯一可用的变压器是上海产的。
第
2
节
翻译练习
9
The
resistance of the load is too high for the
amplifier.
For this reason the
switching signal should be no steeper or larger
than necessary.
The capacity to store
water in their leaves is typical of desert plant.
He is quite familiar with state
function.
负载的电阻对于放大器来说太高。
因此激励信号的斜率及宽度不应超过所要求的数值。
在叶子中储存水的能力是沙漠植物的特性。
他非常熟悉状态函数。
第
3
节
翻译练习
1
20
Deserted soils are sparsely covered
with shrubs and grass.
The
relationships used are briefly outlined.
荒漠上稀疏地覆盖着灌木丛和杂草。
这些用到了的关系已简要地概括出来了。
5.3
副词的译法
第
3
节
翻译练习
2
The
resulting flux is confined essentially to the
ring.
Actually, and metal or alloy can
be cast by precision casting.
Normally
the whole mass of the atom is concentrated in the
nucleus.
所产生的磁通基本上被限制在环内。
实际上，任何金属或合金都可以进行精密铸造。
在正常情况下，原子的整个质量都集中在原子核里。
第
3
节
翻译练习
3
Admittedly,
the term temporal coherence seems to imply an
effect which is exclusively temporal.
The
most
important
advantages
of
rolling
bearings
over
sliding
bearings
is
the
most
complete
elimination of
friction.
不可否认，时间相干性这个术语似乎意味着一种只属于时间的效应
。
滚动轴承优于滑动轴承的最重要的优点在于几乎完全消除了
摩擦。
第
3
节
翻译练习
4
We are
certain that neutrons act differently from
protons.
To detect gases, a sample of
air can be analyzed chemically.
Slopes
orientated differently receive direct solar
radiation in different amounts.
我们确信中子的作用和质子的是不同的。
为了检测各种气体，可以对空气试样进行化学分析。
朝向不相同的山坡，直接接收到的太阳辐射量是不同的。
第
3
节
翻译练习
5
The salts
should be heated electrically, if possible.
The methods of controlling pests
chemically often have undesirable side effects;
for this reason it
is likely that the
methods of controlling biologically will be
applied increasingly in the future.
Evaporation takes place only at the
surface of a liquid; boiling takes place
throughout the liquid.
如果可能的话，这些盐应该用电来加热。
用化学品控制害虫的方法常有不良的副作用，因此将来会越来越多地采用生物学方法。
蒸发只是发生在液体表面，沸腾发生在液体各处。
第
3
节
翻译练习
6
The CPU
also controls the flow of data to and from the
peripheral devices.
It
is
also
possible
to
check
the
temperature
distribution
at
the
top
of
the
burden,
although
the
burden at the top of the furnace is not
evenly distributed.
There is also an
increased excretion of nitrogen, inorganic
phosphorus, and sodium chloride (salt).
CPU
还控制着流向和来自外部设备的数据流。
尽管炉顶炉料的分布方式是不均匀的，但炉顶炉料的温度分布也还是可以检测的。
< br>
推拿还促进氮、无机磷和氯化钠（盐）的排放。
第
3
节
翻译练习
7
A
relatively small explosion would be enough to send
a ship off at a very fast rate.
When
the
core
of
this
cloud
became
dense
enough,
gravity
triggered
the
collapse
of
its
inner
21
layers.
Satellites---
some
large
enough
to
be
planets
in
their
own
right---
either
formed
along
with
the
giants or were captured
later.
一次较小的爆炸就足以将飞船以极快的速度发射出去。
当这个分子团的核心变得十分稠密时，重力引起分子团的内层崩溃。
至于卫星，
有些大的足以称得上行星，
它们或是与这些巨大的行星同时形成，
或是后来被猎
获的。
第
3
节
翻译练习
8
The watt is
a small unit of power, so we use the kilowatt
instead.
Instead of working with the
space variable for electric field intensity we can
work directly with
voltage.
瓦特是一个很小的功率单位，因此我们就改用千瓦代之。
我们可以直接用电压来代替电场强度这个空间变量。
第
3
节
翻译练习
9
The
experimental result was just the opposite of what
I had expected.
The introduction of
laser into industry has only just begun.
实验结果与我预料的刚好相反。
激光用于工业还仅仅刚开始。
第
3
节
翻译练习
10
Never lay
tools or workpieces on the ways of a lathe.
Man has never made a machine that, of
itself, will continue in a state of uniform
motion.
Up to now, atomic energy has
never been used for aircraft propulsion.
绝不要把工具或工件放在车床的导轨上。
人类从未制成过一台能自行永久保持匀速运动状态的机器。
到目前为止，原子能从来没有被用于飞机的推进。
第
3
节
翻译练习
11
An
electric current is only a shifting of
electricity.
What we call mass is only
another manifestation of energy.
Only
when an object moves, is work done.
电流仅仅是电的移动。
我们所说的质量只是能的另一种表现形式。
物体只有移动时才做功。
第
3
节
翻译练习
12
Gravity
keeps the satellite in orbit. Otherwise, it would
drift off into space.
His inspection of
the transmission lines revealed some possible
faults that might otherwise have
been
overlooked.
引力使卫星保持在轨道上，否则卫星就会偏离而进入太空。
<
/p>
他对输电线路进行检查，查出了一些故障，否则这些潜在的故障就会被忽视。
第
3
节
翻译练习
13
In a
mathematical sense the impulse response is a
rather sophisticated concept.
Process
depends on identifying radio stars with some kind
of object emitting visible light--- but
radio astronomers can give their
optical colleagues only rather imprecise
directions as to where to
look.
The operation of our generating unit
was no better but rather worse.
22
从数学意义上讲，冲量反应是个相当微妙的概念。
进一步的进展取决于能否确定射电星是一种能发射可见光的天体，
然而射电
天文学家只能给
光学天文学家提供很不精确的观测方向。
我们机组运行的情况没有见好，相反更糟了。
The temperature did not go up, as one
had expected, but rather went down.
They are encouraged in designing a
turbine rather than repairing it.
In
deciding where an airplane actually is in the sky,
we believe our eyes rather than our ears.
温度没有像人们预料的那样上升，反而下降了。
他们从事涡轮机的设计工作，而不是修理涡轮机。
要判断飞机在空中的确切位置，我们与其相信自己的耳朵不如相信自己的眼睛。
第
3
节
翻译练习
14
Just as
the feed-water supply system can be controlled, so
the coal handling equipment can also be
computer-controlled.
It is
for this reason that so much care has to be given
to the burden preparation by sintering and by
the blending of fluxes and coke.
So many devices have utilized these
processes.
正如给水系统可由计算机控制那样，输煤设备也可以这样做。
正因为如此，必须通过优良烧结以及助熔剂和焦炭来精心准备高炉的炉料。
如此之多的装置现已采用了这些工艺。
第
3
节
翻译练习
15
Attention
is given to the transformer, too.
Too
many women ignore the amount of iron they take in.
Such particles are far too tiny to be
seen with the strongest microscope.
Hardened steel is too hard and too
brittle for many tools.
同时也注意变压器。
太多的女性忽视了自己摄入的铁离子含量。
这种粒子太小，即使用最高倍的显微镜也看不见。
硬化钢太硬、太脆，对许多工具的制作都不适宜。
第
3
节
翻译练习
16
Many
natural phenomena yet remain to be investigated.
The cause of this wear have not yet
been established.
If the temperature is
high, the resistance of a wire becomes yet
greater.
尚有许多自然现象有待研究。
这种磨损的原因尚未查明。
如果温度升高，导线的电阻会更大。
This could turn out to be our biggest
mistake yet.
This is the biggest
underground lake yet discovered.
这是我们到目前为止所犯的最大错误。
这是迄今已发现的最大的底下湖。
5.4
形容词和副词比较级的译法
第
4
节
翻译练习
1
The roads
in our power plant are with a new kind of
material, the strength of which is as great as
that of concrete.
Metals do
not change their form as easily as plastic bodies
do.
23
我们电厂的道路是一种新材料铺设的，这种新材
料的强度与水泥的强度一样高。
金属不像塑料物体那样容易变形。
第
4
节
翻译练习
2
This
material can withstand higher stresses under
repeated loading.
Given
a
higher
capital
cost
for
electric
buses,
the
cash
grant
payable
would
be
higher
for
a
conventional vehicle.
If one
has an attitude of respect for the equipment, the
end product will be more satisfactory.
这种材料在交变载荷下可以承受较高的应力。
即使电瓶巴士投资成本高于传统车辆，传统车辆应支付的现金补贴也会更高。
如果人们对生产设备持尊重态度，那么其生产出的成品也会更加令人满意。
第
4
节
翻译练习
3
The
right
genetic
material,
weight
for
weight,
can
be
more
valuable
than
precious
metals
and
jewels.
Three of the giant
planets radiate more heat back into space than
they absorb from the sun.
恰当的遗传物质，就其重要性
来说，要比贵金属和珠宝更有价值。
巨大的外层行星中有三颗
射向太空的热量超过它们从太阳那里吸收的能量。
第
4
节
翻译练习
4
Even
quite
small
amounts
of
some
impurities
can
make
copper
a
much
poorer
conductor
of
electricity.
Aluminum and
copper are far more corrosion-resistant than
ordinary steel.
甚至很少量的杂质都可能会使铜成为性能差得多的导电体。
铝和铜的抗腐蚀能力比普通钢高得多。
第
4
节
翻译练习
5
Nuclear
energy is being used more and more widely.
More and more nuclear power stations
are built up.
核能用得越来越广泛了。
建设了越来越多的核电站。
第
4
节
翻译练习
6
The greater
the bearing load, the shorter will be the life of
the bearing in revolutions.
The farther
out the line of the momentum extends, the greater
the angular momentum.
The greater the
cross-sectional area, the greater the strength
will be.
轴承的载荷越大，其以转数为单位的寿命就越短。
动量作用线伸展得越远，角动量就越大。
截面越大，强度越大。
5.5
形容词和副词最高级的译法
第
5
节
翻译练习
1:
Polyacetylene is the simplest possible
conjugated polymer.
Pain is the most
prominent symptom of surgical disease.
聚乙炔可能是最简单的共轭聚合物。
疼痛是外科疾病最突出的症状。
第
5
章
总复习题
This seems
to indicate that further research would be
necessary.
An a.c. motor is similar in
construction to a d.c. motor.
Natural
environment can be easily ruined by inappropriate
exploration.
24
Negative
charges are moving counterclockwise.
这似乎表明进一步研究的必要性。
交流电动机与直流电动机结构相似。
开发不当容易毁坏自然资源。
负电荷按逆时针方向流动。
The
average value of voltage can be measured point by
point.
The problem of materials is
eased by the lower boiling point.
As a
result, although there is minimal friction
present, a lubricant is still absolutely
essential.
Removal procedure for left-
hand and right-hand cyclic cylinders is
essentially the same.
因此，虽然有很小的摩擦，但润滑剂仍旧是非常必要的。
电压的平均值可以逐点测量。
由于沸点较低，材料问题容易解决。
左右两边循环气缸的拆卸步骤基本上相同。
Substantially,
anthecyanin,
the
pigment
that
turns
leaves---
and
apples---
red,
is
produced
by
sugars that remain after
the nutrients are choked off.
Massage
will affect muscles throughout the body.
In this test the major part is backed
off electrically.
It is also good for
shock and impact loads.
The term
minimum life is also used to mean rating life.
在此项实验中，主要部分被电补偿。
本质上，使树叶和苹果变红的色素
——
花色素苷是营养去除后剩
余的糖分产生的。
它还适用于振动和冲击载荷。
推拿将会对全身的肌肉组织产生影响。
最小寿命这个术语也指额定寿命。
Usually, a 2cm adjustment of the
machine is enough to bring the pressure back to
normal.
Statistics is a rather modern
branch of mathematics.
Computers
provide
the
means
for
greater
speed
and
accuracy
in
working
with
ideas
than
had
previously been possible.
Less than a quarter of the energy of a
human engine is converted into mechanical energy.
Hydrogen is the lightest gas, its
density being 0.0894 g/l.
统计学是一门相当新的数学分支。
人
体发出的不到
1/4
的能量转变为机械能。
计算机处理意念时所提供方法的速度和精确度都超过了以往所能达到的水平。
氢是最轻的气体，其密度为
0.0894
克
/
升。
<
/p>
通常，把机器调整
2
厘米就足以使压力恢
复正常。
6.1
介词的一般译法
第
1
节
翻译练习
1
In general,
man serves as the source of infection while
animals act as such only occasionally.
An industrial robot shares many
attributes in common with a numerical control
machine tool.
一般来说，人可作为感染源，而动物只是偶然如此。
工业用机器人与数控机床有许多共同的特性。
第
1
节
翻译练习
2
With
non-changeover
control
both
the
boiler
plant
and
the
chiller
plant
operate
to
provide
simultaneous heating
and cooling throughout the year.
25
The
online
service
delivers
substantially
more
value
to
our
global
audience
of
e-business
professionals in the chemical, plastics
and allied industries.
This device can
mimic photosynthesis to produce usable energy from
sunlight.
采用非转换控制，锅炉设备和制冷装置都在运行，全年可同时供暖
和制冷。
该网络服务主要向全球从事化学、塑料及相关工业的
专业电子商务用户提供更有价值的服
务。
这种装置能够模拟光合作用，利用阳光产生可用的能源。
第
1
节
翻译练习
3
The
longitudinal axis of the turbine generator is
perpendicular to the axis of the steam generator.
In the right conditions, membranes are
self-assembling.
Winding of the spring
induces residual stresses through bending.
汽轮发电机的纵轴与锅炉轴线垂直。
当条件适宜时，细胞膜会自行聚集。
卷绕弹簧时因为弯曲引起了残余应力。
第
1
节
翻译练习
4
If leakage
occurs around output shaft, replace seal and
packing.
So they give off a stronger
signal to sensitive radiation detec
tors
mounted over the subject’s head.
如输出轴周围漏油，应更换密封件及填料。
< br>因而它向安装在受试者头部上方的灵敏的辐射探测器发出的信号比较强。
第
1
节
翻译练习
5
It is
customary to use electromagnets rather than
permanent magnets for the field.
This
flat screen technology eliminates curvature on the
screen surface.
All the charge on a
conductor lies on its surface.
通常磁场用的都是电磁铁而不是永久磁铁。
这种纯平面技术可以消除屏幕表面的弯曲。
导体的全部电荷都在其表面。
6.2
介词短语的译法
第
2
节
翻译练习
1
For ease of
assembly and removal of the wheels, the outer
races are press-fitted in the wheel hubs.
With the length much greater than its
width, the coil is called
solenoid.
With only about
half as many moving parts as a conventional
engine, a Wankel is only half the
size
and weight, and almost completely vibrationless.
为了便于车轮安装和拆卸，把外套圈压入配合到轮毂里。
如果长度远远超过了宽度，这种线圈就称为螺线管。
由于其运动机件数几乎仅为一般发动机的一半，
汪克尔发动机只有一般发
动机的一半大、
一
半重，而且几乎完全没有振动。
Without an electric field
applied, a dielectric atom is symmetrical.
Despite changes in the load, the
voltage applied to it remains fairly constant.
For
more
information
on
the
improvements
we’ve
made,
scroll
down
to
New
Features
&
Functionality.
如果没有外加电场，电介质原子是对称的。
不管负载如何变化，加在负载上的电压都仍然相当稳定。
要想对我们的改进有更多的了解，请往下看
“
新特点与新功能
”
。
第
2
节
翻译练习
2
26
Singularity functions do not occur in
physical systems.
A fair amount of
theoretical and experimental work has been devoted
at this agency to a better
understanding of non-stationary
aerodynmics.
物理系统不存在奇异函数。
该机构为更好地了解非定常气体动力学作了大量的理论研究和试验工作。
第
2
节
翻译练习
3
Animals are
always losing carbon by respiration as against
plants always gaining carbon.
The most
effective method of reducing friction is to use
rolling friction instead of sliding friction.
动物通过呼吸排除碳，而植物却吸收碳。
减少摩擦力的最有效的方法是采用滚动摩擦，而不是采用滑动摩擦。
第
2
节
翻译练习
4
The
shape
of
the
electron
spectrum
in
beta
decay
is
not
dominated
by
properties
of
the
matrix
element.
Pressure in a
liquid is at right angles to the walls of
container.
β
衰变的电子谱的形状不取决于矩阵元
的性质。
液体的压力与容器壁垂直。
第
2
节
翻译练习
5
Hysteresis
energy is a useful basis for the establishment of
failure criteria in fatigue.
Physical
chemistry applies the methods of physics to the
study of chemical systems.
在建立疲劳破坏准则时，迟滞能量是一个有用的依据。
物理化学是应用物理学的方法研究化学体系。
6.3
常用介词的译法
第
3
节
翻译练习
1
Little
information is given about the origin of life.
A basic change in thinking about force
and mass is required.
Fluoride damage
is generally restricted to areas about
manufacturing plants.
The vacuum was
created about the exit.
关于生命起源方面的资料极少。
对于力和质量的看法需要做根本的改变。
氟化物的危害一般仅限于制造厂附近。
在出口附近产生真空。
第
3
节
翻译练习
2
All of its
circuit elements are bonded together after being
manufactured.
Line reams new bushings
after installation.
After all logic
events have been completed, the automatic control
unit initiates the machine after
the
instruction.
将所有的电路元件在制成之后都连结在一起。
安装后对新轴套绞同心孔。
在所有的
逻辑事件完成之后，自动控制器按照指令再次启动该机器。
Those machines are made after the
model.
After all its changeable forms,
energy can never be destroyed.
那些机器是按该模型制成的。
尽管能的形式是可以改变的，但绝不会消失。
第
3
节
翻译练习
3
27
Working instruments are verified for
calibration against reference instruments.
The current in a transmitting antenna
when plotted against time is usually a sine wave.
The process was against any basic laws
of physics.
Force is necessary to drive
an electric current against a resistance.
工业用的仪表要根据基准仪表来校验其刻度。
将发射天线中的电流相对于时间来描述出来，常是一正弦波。
该过程违背了物理学的基本原理。
驱动电流克服电阻需要有电动势。
One of the chief uses of zinc is to
protect the surface of iron against rust.
Lightening rods are used to protect
electrical devices against lightening.
It is necessary to prevent induction
motors against overload and undervoltage.
The advantages and disadvantages of
each algorithm have to be weighted against each
other in the
light of the particular
application.
锌的主要用途之一是防止铁表面生锈。
避雷针用来保护电器设备不受雷击。
必须保护感应电动机，防止过载及欠压。
每一种算法都必须根据具体应用相互对比才能权衡其优劣。
第
3
节
翻译练习
4
The
second
phase
of
the
restoration
project
will
be
to
lay
down
a
stabilization
ring
around
the
tower’s foundation.
The separating force on the mill was
calculated to be around 10 million 1b.
The arch dam is economical in narrow
canyons where the top chord length is around two
to three
times the height of the dam.
修复工程的第二阶段是在塔基周围建造一环形稳固基。
此轧机的轧制力量估计大约一千万磅左右。
截面越大，强度越大。
第
3
节
翻译练习
5
Each
observation
could
be
weighted
inversely
as
the
distance
or
as
the
square
root
of
the
frequency.
If the electric lines are parallel to
the earth, the wave is referred to as horizontally
polarized.
每次观测可以倒过来加权，作为距离或频率的平方根。
如果电力线与地面平行，其电波就称为水平极化电波。
第
3
节
翻译练习
6
At the
beginning of its operation, this turbine is only
about 50 percent efficient.
It is usual
to provide a flowmeter at the column outlet.
A small hole is provided at the lock
ring groove to facilitate removal of the lock
ring.
在开始运行的时候，这台涡轮机的效率只有
50%
。
在柱子出口处常常要安装一个流量器。
为使锁定环拆卸方便，可在其沟槽内开一小孔。
The shunt motor operates nearly at
constant speed.
Women of child-bearing
age are at greatest risk, since their monthly
bleeding is a major source of
iron
loss.
并励电动机差不多恒速运行。
育龄女性危险最大，因为月经是铁流失重要原因之一。
28
第
3
节
翻译练习
7
And
offshore drilling is made possible by using huge
quantities of gaseous nitrogen and oxygen to
provide a livable atmosphere deep under
water.
Every
metal
possesses
certain
properties,
or
characteristics
or
qualities
which
we
can
find
by
experiment.
All materials are deformed to some
extent by the application of an external force.
用大量的氮气和氧气形成在深水中能够生活的环境，才有可能进行海底石油钻探。
每一种金属都具有某些性能，或特性、性质，而这些我们可以通过实验检
验出来。
所有材料多少都会由于外力而变形。
（练习
8
用法）
Nd
By the Law of
Universal Gravitation, all bodies attract each
other.
By this theory we can explain
the phenomenon for which the old view of matter
did not account.
按照万有引力定律，一切物体都相互吸引。
根据这一学说，我们就能解释旧的物质观没有说明的现象。
第
3
节
翻译练习
8
The machine
tool is directly driven by the main drive motor.
The pituitary gland is constituted by
two lobes.
The energy possessed by an
object by virtue of its motion is called kinetic
energy, or energy of
motion.
The production capacity has greatly
increased by the development of the control of
manufacturing
processes by computers.
机床由主电机直接启动。
物体由于运动而获得的能量称为动能，或称为运动能量。
由于采用了计算机控制制造过程，因而生产能力大大提高。
垂腺体由两个叶组成。
第
3
节
翻译练习
9
We may not
have eliminated cigarette smoking completely by
the end of this century.
The faculty
line must be repaired by the time of the summer
harvest.
The current in an inductor
lags the voltage by 90°
or, what is the
same thing, the voltage leads the
current by 90 °
.
The experts calculate that this will
straighten up the tower by several centimeters.
到本世纪末我们或许还不能完全消除吸烟现象。
夏收之前，故障线路必须修好。
根据专家们的计算，这将使斜塔取直几厘米。
电感器中的电流落后于电压
90°
，或者说，电压超前
于电流
90 °
。
第
3
节
翻译练习
10
By hPa we
mean an international standardized pressure unit.
By conductivity we mean the ability to
conduct an electric current.
所谓百帕，是国际上通用的表示气压的单位。
所谓导电率，是指传导电流的能力。
Nd
第
3
节
翻译练习
11
The
electric drive system is made detachable for ease
of transportation and installation.
CFCs
and
other
ozone-depleting
chemicals
were
first
mass-
produced
in
the
1950s
for
use
as
29
refrigerants, industrial solvents,
cleaning fluids and agents in making foam
products.
These data are the basis for
important decisions.
They will build
two power plants here, which can meet the demands
for power supply.
为了便于运输和安装，电力驱动系统做成可拆式。
20
世纪
50
年代，氟里
昂和其他消耗臭氧的化工产品首次批量生产，它们主要用作制冷剂、
工业溶剂、清洗液以
及制造泡沫产品的制剂。
这些数据上做出重要决策的依据。
他们将在这里建两座电厂，这样便可以满足对电力的需求。
Nd
第
3
节
翻译练习
12
The
temperature was too high for the boiler to
withstand.
A
visual
inspection
must
be
done
carefully
for
the
materials,
especially
for
those
to
be
used
in
fabrication of pressure vessels.
For this reason, be very careful when
you take antibiotics.
The first
passengers came to ground, none the worse for
their experience, 3,000 meters from their
standing point.
温度提高，致使锅炉承受不了。
必须
对材料仔细进行外观检查，对制造压力容器所用材料尤需如此。
由于这个原因，当你用抗生素时务必非常小心。
第一批乘客在离出发点
3000
米处着陆，并没有因
这一
遭遇而发生不良反应。
Nd
第
3
节
翻译练习
13
Make water
do duty for alcohol as a solvent.
They
succeeded in substituting a synthetic rubber for
the natural rubber.
Electricity
compensates for barometric pressure as well as
system pressure variations.
用水代替酒精当溶剂用。
他们在用合成橡胶代替天然橡胶方面取得了成功。
用电补偿大气压力和系统压力的变化。
Nd
The disease
raged through the city for months.
The
mixture was cured at room temperature for 8-14
days.
这种疾病在这座城市猖獗了几个月。
混合物在室温下需熟化
8-14
天。
第
3
节
翻译练习
14
For
all
their
great
stableness
under
ordinary
circumstances,
insulating
materials
may
change
radically in characteristics under
extreme conditions of voltage stress or
temperature or under the
action of
certain chemicals.
For all its
invisible shield, the ozone layer can be measured
in a number of ways.
For all our
advice, he insists on carrying out ignition
experiment.
尽管在正常的情形下绝缘材料的性能很稳定，
但在极端情况下，
比如电压过高、
高温或在某
种化学物质作用下，绝缘材料的性能会遭到完全破坏。
尽管臭氧层是一种不可见的保护层，但还是有多种测量它的方法。
尽管我们劝阻他，他仍然坚持要进行点火实验。
Nd
30
第
3
节
翻译练习
15
This
reduces the resistance to current flowing from the
wire through the rubber to copper strips
below the tubes.
A user may
jump from one document to another in a nonlinear,
associative way.
From the information
in this table, we can easily compute an estimate
of the value of the mean of
this
grouped data.
Having no compass, he got
his bearings from the sun.
轴承的载荷越大，其以转数为单位的寿命就越短。
动量作用线伸展得越远，角动量就越大。
截面越大，强度越大。
Nd
第
3
节
翻译练习
16
Fabricate
a shield from 12cm aluminum alloy to the
dimensions shown on Figure 11.
The
electronic device is made from semiconductor.
Dead time is the time a worker losses
from lack of materials or equipment breakdown.
A similar error arises from neglect of
multiple causes.
按图
11
所示，用
12
厘米厚的铝合金制造防护罩。
这只电子器件是用半导体做的。
无效时间是指工人因无原料或设备故障而失去的时间。
类似的错误可能由于忽视了多种原因而产生。
Nd
第
3
节
翻译练习
17
The
hardened washer shall be prevented from turning
during locknut tightening.
Washers
shall be from burrs and sharp edges.
The triggering circuit is immune from
noise.
The mixture are distinct from
compounds.
Data is often distinguished
from information and from programs.
当自锁螺母拧紧时应防止淬火垫圈转动。
这个触发电路不受杂音影响。
混合物不同于化合物。
垫圈不应带有毛刺和尖角。
数据通常有别于信息和程序。
Nd
第
3
节
翻译练习
18
Highly
poisonous insecticides should be kept from
ordinary insecticides.
Electrolysis is
the liberation of free elements from a liquid by
passing an electric current through
it.
Place these parts in a plastic bag, and
keep separate from other bearing assemblies.
剧毒农药和普通农药要严格分开置放。
电解就是让电流通过液体，从而使游离元素从液体中分离出来的过程。
将这些零件装进塑料袋中，和其他轴承部件分开置放。
Nd
第
3
节
翻译练习
19
Canadian
scientists looked for ozone thinning in the
Arctic.
31
In Canada,
governments are also starting programs to recycle
and recover CFCs.
The uses of
industrial gases in our high-tech world are
numerous and varied.
加拿大科学家在北极区寻找臭氧层变薄的迹象。
在加拿大，政府正在开展工作回收和循环使用氟里昂。
在我们这个技术高度发达的社会中工业气体的用途是多种多样的。
Nd
The
hummingbird has the highest metabolic rate per
unit of body weight in the avian world.
Although in recent years the liquid
state has been the subject of intense study, the
several books
treat mainly the physics
of this state.
In the 1970s, the focus
of designing hardware was the creation of
circuitry.
在鸟类世界中，单位体重的新陈代谢以蜂鸟为最高。
虽然近年来液态已成为努力研究的课题，但是这些书主要是谈论液态的物理特征。
在
20
世纪
70
年代，硬件设计的焦点是生成电路。
第
3
节
翻译练习
20
The
decision to repair is not easy, especially in
borderline cases.
All molecules are in
constant motion.
In
the
study
of
lubrication
and
journal
bearings,
additional
fundamental
knowledge
must
be
utilized.
In order to
prevent any damage or injury to human eyes in
training, a laser energy attenuator may
be mounted on the laser exit window.
做出返修的决定不是容易的，在可修可不修的情况下尤其如此。
在研究润滑和滑动轴承时，尚需用到另外的基础知识。
在训练时，为防止误伤人眼，可在激光输出窗口上装上激光能量衰减器。
一切分子都处在永恒的运动状态之中。
Nd
第
3
节
翻译练习
21
The
electric power which is consumed in an electric
circuit is measured in watts or kilowatts.
Energy and work are both measured in
joules. Power, being the amount of work done per
second,
is measured in watts
(joules/sec).
电路中消耗的电力是以瓦或千瓦计量的。
能和功都用焦耳计量。功率是每秒钟所做的功，所以用瓦特（焦耳
/
秒）计量。
Nd
第
3
节
翻译练习
22
Objects
sink down into fluids until the upthrust equals
the weight of the object.
If a
permanent magnets is plunged into the coil the
meter registers a momentary current.
It
is only recently that astronomers have begun
specific research into black holes.
物体沉入流体，直到向上的推力与物体的重量相等。
如果把永久磁铁插入线圈，电表会记录到一次瞬间电流。
只是在最近，天文学家才开始对黑洞进行具体的研究。
Nd
Physics gives
us power to adventure into the unknown.
Heat transforms ice into water and
water into steam.
The process converts
iron and steel scraps into metal powder.
物理学给予我们探索未知世界的能力。
32
热使冰变成水，使水变成蒸汽。
此法可把钢铁切屑变成金属粉末。
第
3
节
翻译练习
23
Considerable literature has grown up
relating to experimental confirmation of
elastohydrodynamic
theory.
The successful launching of space
rockets has added much to man’s
k
nowledge of the upper strata
of the atmosphere.
The
processor is in over-all control of the system.
关于弹性流体动力润滑理论的实验证明，已涌现出大量文献。
宇宙火箭发射的成功大大增加了人类对大气上层的知识。
处理器对系统实施全面控制。
Nd
第
3
节
翻译练习
24
These
compounds are of the same family of organic
materials.
All the type
s of
memory we have discussed are of “random
access”.
It might be thought
that these two effects would be of the same order
of magnitude.
Today of the four only
Earth is known to be tectonically active.
这些化合物属于同族有机物。
上述的
各类储存期都属于
“
随机存取
”
类型。
人们可能会以为这两个效力的大小属于同一个数量级。
今天，在这四颗行星中，据人们所知只有地球的地壳构造仍在活动。
Nd
Of all forms
of energy electricity is the most important.
在所有形式的能量中，电能是最重要的。
第
3
节
翻译练习
25
A magnetic
system is made of wrought iron arranged as in Fig.
8-16.
Flat belts are usually made of
either oak-tanned leather or a fabric, such as
cotton or rayon, which
has been
impregnated with rubber.
The motor
consists of two parts, the stator and the rotor. <
/p>
磁系统是由熟铁制成，如图
8-16
所示
。
平型带通常用橡树皮鞣革或浸渍过橡胶的棉织品或人造纤维
织品制成。
电动机由定子和转子两部分构成。
Nd
Each stage
requires a different set of tools and sometimes
requires different equipment and skills.
每一步都要求有一套不同的工具，有时还要求有不同的设备和技术。
第
3
节
翻译练习
26
This chart
may be plotted on semilog paper or on log-log
paper.
Apply a small amount of the
adhesive liquid on the face of the gasket.
Final
composition
of
the
Theater
List
is
normally
decided
by
the
surgeon
on
the
day
prior
to
operation.
On freezing,
water does not contract, but instead it expands.
此曲线图可绘于半对数图纸或对数图纸上。
在密封垫表面上涂少许粘着剂。
接受
手术人员的最后名单一般由外科大夫在手术前一天做出决定。
33
水结冰时，并不收缩，而是膨胀。
Nd
第
3
节
翻译练习
27
Further
research
on
this
subject
may
suggest
ways
in
which
earthquakes
can
be
predicted
and
prevented.
A
good
example
of
the
local
effects
of
pollution on
weather
is
the
increase
in
rainfall
found
in
regions adjacent to a large paper mill.
The design of structures and drainage
systems are not based on these adverse site
conditions.
在这方面作进一步研究也许能提供预报和预防地震的方法。
<
/p>
污染对天气有局部影响，一个很好的实例就是在大型造纸厂附近地区降雨量有所增加。
工厂的建筑物和排水系统没有根据这些不利的厂址条件进行设计。
Relationships between
voltages and currents in a circuit have been
established on the experiments.
On Bohr
atomic theory and wave amplification theory, laser
has been developed by scientists.
电路中电压与电流的关系已根据实验确定。
根据玻尔的原子理论以及波的放大理论，科学家们研制了激光。
第
3
节
翻译练习
28
It relies
heavily on digital processing.
On these
observations, a hypothesis may be formulated.
The motor is on the operation.
He
developed
pneumonia
caused
by
blood
clots
in
the
lungs
after
traveling
to
Asia
on
an
economy-class ticket.
这在很大程度上要依靠数字处理。
电动机在运行。
他在一次乘经济舱飞
往亚洲之后，由于肺里产生血块而得了肺炎。
通过这些观察，可以作出一个假设。
Nd
第
3
节
翻译练习
29
The
prereduced or raw fine ore is injected into the
smelting reduction furnace through the upper
tuyeres.
Gases readily
diffuse through porous solids.
The
radiation could penetrate through layers of
different materials.
经过预还原的矿粉或者原始的矿粉都是通
过上部的风口送入熔融还原炉的。
气体很容易通过多孔固体渗出。
该辐射可以穿透多层不同的材料。
Through the combustion of the fuel,
chemical energy is converted into heat energy.
The range and variety of work that can
be done on a lathe are greatly increased through
the use of
various work-holding
attachments.
Atomic energy has arrived
in time to save civilization from dying through
lack of power.
Silicon, chiefly through
its better temperature characteristics, quickly
replaced germanium in the
power diode.
通过使用各种工件夹具，可大大扩大车床所进行的作业范围和种类。
由于硅有较好的温度特性，在功率二极管中，硅很快取代了锗。
通过燃料的燃烧，化学能转变为热能。
原子能已及时出现，从而拯救文明使其免于因能源短缺而灭亡。
34
第
3
节
翻译练习
30
Magmas in
transit to the surface will further supplement
this heat.
The makeup water pipeline
conveys the makeup water from the makeup water
intake structure to
the cooling tower
basin.
A fresh cutter can be loaded to
the spindle in a similar manner.
向地表移动的岩浆进一步补偿这种热量。
补给水管道把补给水从取水建筑物输送到冷却塔水池。
用同样的方法可将新刀具装在主轴上。
The
function
of
the
computer
is
not
limited
to
providing
support
in
solving
mathematical
problems.
The system is restricted to examining
the surface only.
Needed is a method of
timing accurate to millionths of a second.
Cultivation can be mechanized to the
largest degree.
该系统仅限于检验金属表面。
耕作可在最大程度上实行机械化。
计算机的作用不能只限于帮助解决数学问题上。
需要有一种精确度达到几百万分之一秒的计时方法。
第
3
节
翻译练习
31
Computers
have as yet contributed little to pure
mathematical theory.
Air pressure is
inversely proportional to altitude.
Thus, Fig. 5 is similar to Fig. 4b
insofar as the same recombination and filters have
been applied
to both.
An
electric motor is similar to a generator in
construction.
迄今为止，计算机对纯数学理论的贡献不大。
气压与高度成反比。
电动机和发电机在结构上类似。
第
3
节
翻译练习
32
Water
enters the cylinder and fills the space under the
piston.
When a vehicle passes over a
road, its weight is transmitted through the wheel
on to the pavement
under it.
But how can bouncing sound waves help
oceanographers to see the sea floor and the mud,
soil,
and rocks under it?
水进入泵筒，并注满活塞下面的空间。
当一辆车驶过马路时，其重量通过车轮传至车下的路面上。
<
/p>
而反射波怎样帮助海洋学家去考察海底以及下面的泥、土和岩石呢？
Under
certain
conditions,
heat
energy
may
be
changed
into
mechanical
energy,
and
mechanical
energy (may be changed) into heat
energy.
There is no material but will
deform more or less under the action of forces.
Water vapor in the air breaks down
under the intense heat.
在力的作用下，一切材料无不变形。
在一定条件下，热能可以转换成机械能，机械能也可以转换成热能。
空气中的水蒸气在高温下发生分解。
第
3
节
翻译练习
33
Under some
trade terms, the buyer might undertake to clear
the goods for export in the seller’s
35
country.
The books are
categorized under the Dewey Decimal System.
The agreement for the trade and
cooperation is still under a draft.
Lianyungang Nuclear Power Station is
still under construction.
根据某些贸易条款规定，买方须负责在卖方所在国的出口清关。
这些图书是按照杜威十进制编目的。
贸易合作的协定仍在草拟中。
连云港核电站仍在建设中。
第
3
节
翻译练习
34
It has no
connection with the automatic positioning
facilities.
Oxygen is a gas that can
unite with many substances.
The
resistance usually varies with temperature.
它与自动定位装置没有关系。
氧是一种能与许多物质化合的气体。
电阻常常随温度变化。
With
the invention of the transistor, electronics
entered a new phase.
With the advance
of science and technology, some scientific
problems become less complicated
than
they were thought.
随着晶体管的发明，电子技术进入了一个新的阶段。
随着科技进步，有些科学问题没有原先认为的那么复杂了。
第
3
节
翻译练习
35
The
machining center is provided with an automatic
tool changer.
Bricks are also produced
in many different colors and with various
finishes.
Most of the machining we do
in a machine shop is done with cutting tools.
Unix marketers have looked with some
envy at these applications.
加工中心备有自动换刀装置。
砖也可以烧成不同的颜色，具有不同的光洁度。
我们在机械加工车间所做的大部分机加工是用刀具来进行的。
“UNIX”
的销售者以很大的热情关注着这些应用程序。
第
3
节
翻译练习
36
With the
advent of modern methods of communication the
whole world has been transformed into
a
single mechanism.
The machines may get
heated with overload.
Computers perform
particular operations with the information they
are given.
由于近代通信方法的出现，整个世界已转变为一个统一的机体。
机器可因过载而发热。
计算机根据所收到的信息进行特定的运算。
Assemble bearing inner and outer races
with serial numbers indexed.
An
interrupt is allowed to occur in accordance with
specified priorities.
根据特定的优先权允许发生中断。
根据序号组装轴承内外座圈。
第
3
节
翻译练习
37
With its
many advantages, wood is not without its drawbacks
as a fuel.
With its complex structure,
it is liable to install.
36
With no discovery, many laws of nature
actually exist in nature.
With slight
repair, the old type of engine can be used.
尽管木材有许多优点，但作为燃料仍有缺陷。
虽然结构复杂，但容易安装。
许多自然规律虽然尚未被发现，但它们确实存在于自然界之中。
只要稍加修理，这台老式发动机就可使用。
第
3
节
翻译练习
38
Petrol
is
a
mixture
of
the
lower-
boiling
hydrocarbons,
with
boiling
temperatures
ranging
from
100°
C to 400°
C.
Never operate the engine with the water
temperature in the radiator exceeding
100°
C.
The field-effect
transistor consists of a single crystal of doped
semiconductor material in the shape
of
a bar with leads connected to both ends.
在散热器中的水温超过
100°
C
的情况下决不要开发动机。
场效应晶体管是一个棒状的掺杂半
导体材料的单晶，两端连有引出线。
汽油是低沸点的碳氢化合
物混合体，其沸点范围在
100°
C to
400°
C
之间。
With the cause of the fault removed at
once, the generator kept working.
One
kind of switch is inside a metal box called a
switch box, with a handle on the outside.
The pressure of a gas varies inversely
as its volume, with temperature constant.
With the switch open, there is no
current flowing in the load.
有一种开关是放在一个称作开关箱的金属箱内，而柄留在外面。
由于即使排除了故障，发电机继续工作。
温度不变时，气体压强和体积成反比。
打开开关，没有电流通过负载。
第
3
节
翻译练习
39
Magnetic
induction can take place without contact between
the magnet and the iron.
Without dust,
there would be no clouds and no rain.
Thin plates are joined by melting their
edges together without the addition of filling
metal.
磁铁和铁块相互不接触便可发生磁感应。
若没有灰尘，就不会形成云和雨。
薄钢板是靠熔化其边缘而焊接在一起的，不需要填料金属。
A body cannot be moved without having a
force act upon it.
He finished the
stress experiment without difficulty.
他轻松地完成了这个应力实验。
若没有力作用于物体上，物体就不能移动。
第
6
章
总复习题
The
conductivity of polyacetylene drops rapidly in
contact with air.
There is a brighter
future for intelligent devices in the home.
The scientists found that the blood
vessels in the leg cannot swell.
Once
upon a time, bold cla
ims were made
about computers, the future and the “paperless
office”.
聚乙炔一接触空气，其导电性就迅速下降。
< br>家庭智能装置仍有着更加光明的前景。
（省译）
科学家们发现腿内的血管不会肿胀。
曾几何时，有人就有关计算机、未来和
“
无纸化办公
”
做过大胆的预测。
The doctor advised against the use of
the new treatment.
37
If a
good base cannot be found at a reasonable depth,
then a so-called deep foundation must be
provided.
Magnetic lines of
force cannot be seen, but we know they exist by
what they do.
磁力线是看不见的，但是我们按照它们的作用即知它们的存在。
医生建议不要使用新的治疗方法。
若
在合理的深度内找不到坚实的地基层，那就要采用所谓的深基础。
We may process directly with
Kir
choff’s voltage law for the
circuit.
The proper values
of a and b are determined from two conditions.
Optional communications are free from
electromagnetic interference.
This type
of discrepancy could have resulted from
differences in kinetics.
a
和<
/p>
b
的值由两个条件决定。
对于电路，我们可直接从克希荷夫电压定律讲起。
光电通信不受电磁的干扰。
这种差异可能是由动力的不同而造成的。
The visual image of the letters making
up the word is converted into its spoken
equivalent.
Primitive man made weapons,
tools, and utensils of copper, brass, and bronze.
The longer wavelengths of radio signals
pass through the atmosphere relatively
undisturbed.
将组成词的各字母的视觉形象转换成该词对应的发音。
相对来说，波长较长的射电讯号通过大气时没有受到干扰。
原始人类用铜、黄铜和青铜制作成各种武器、工具和器皿。
Most
hardness-testing
systems
employ
a
standard
load which
is
applied
to a
ball
or
pyramid
in
contact with the material
to be tested.
All metals are corrodible
under the proper circumstances.
The
design
of
the
rocket
nozzle
also
has
much
to
do
with
the
behavior
of
the
exhaust
and
the
resulting velocity of
the vehicle itself.
多数的硬度实验系统使用一标准载荷加在与
实验金属相接触的小球或棱锥上。
所有金属在一定情况下都是可腐蚀的。
火箭喷管的设计与排气的性能及飞行器本身的有效速度有很大关系。
Peripheral
milling
operations
are
usually
performed
on
milling
machines
with
the
spindle
positioned
horizontally; however, they can also be performed
with end mills on vertical-spindle
machines.
Copper and
aluminum are the best conductors of electric
current only after silver.
From various
experiments we cannot but think the theory still
holds good.
周铣作业通常在带有水平定位主轴的铣床上进行，
但也可以在带有端面铣刀的主轴铣床上进
行。
铜和铝是仅次于银的最好的导电体。
根据各种实验，我们不得不承认这个理论依然是行之有效的。
Hydrogen is generated from zinc and
sulfuric acid.
The sort of fish cannot
live in the temperate zone, let alone in the
frigid zone.
The locomotive developed
some new problems on its line-test.
Gases can be chemisorbed or physically
absorbed on solids.
氢由锌和硫酸所产生。
这种鱼不适合在温带生活，更不必说在寒带了。
这台机车在试运行时出现了一些新问题。
38
气体能化学吸附或物理吸附在固体上。
Under ideal conditions the fatigue
failure will consist of a spotting of the load-
carrying surfaces.
Oxidation implies
the combination of other elements with oxygen to
form compounds.
在理想条件下，疲劳失效将是承载表面的点蚀。
氧化意味着其他元素与氧形成化合物。
7.1
连词的一般译法
第
1
节
翻译练习
1
Carbon
steel contains only iron and carbon, while alloy
steel contains some other alloying metals.
Because this current continually
reverses in direction, it is called an alternating
current.
Liquid and vapor phases cannot
coexist in equilibrium.
碳钢只含有铁和碳，而合金钢含有一些别的合金金属。
由于这种电流不断地改变方向，故称为交流电。
液相和气相不能在平衡中并存。
第
1
节
翻译练习
2
Some
companies replace certain parts regularly,
determining the effective life of a part and then
replacing it just before it would wear
out.
The
cost
of
making
these
tests
is
very
low
when
it
is
divided
by
the
total
number
of
parts
manufactured.
一些公司定期更换某些零部件，
先推定零部件的有效寿命，
以便在零部件即将磨损之前予以
更换。
如果以生产零件的总数来划分，这些实验的成本会非常低。
Why use metal when you can use plastic?
A brief description of how transistors
are manufactured is given here.
That is
why surfactants are so widely used in industry.
既然能用塑料为什么你却使用金属呢？
这里对晶体管的是生产方法作一简略叙述。
这就是在工业上广泛使用表面活性剂的原因。
第
1
节
翻译练习
3
Sometimes
it
is
necessary
to
drill
to
a
depth
of
1,000 meters
or
more,
before
water
is
found
in
sufficient quantity.
It is stated that the positioning
system has an accuracy of repeatability within
0.0002 inch.
When short waves are sent
out and meet an obstacle they are reflected.
有时必须钻到
1000
米或更深的深度，才能找到
足够量的水。
据称，该定位系统的重复精度在
0.0002
英寸。
短波发送出去，遇到障碍就反射回来。
7.2
常用并列连词的译法
第
2
节
翻译练习
1
Computers
cope with negative numbers and fractions in binary
arithmetic.
Oxygen is chemically active
and takes part in many reactions.
计算机采用二进制算法来处理负数与小数。
< br>氧的化学性能活泼，能参与许多反应。
（省译）
Modern electronic computers and other
devices will be made smaller by the development of
LSI.
Some
electrical
engineers
design
and
maintain
power
plants,
transmission
lines
and
home
and
factory electrical installations.
39
大规模的集成电路的发展将使现代化电子计算机以及其他
装置越来越小。
有些电气工程师设计和保养发电厂、输电线、
以及各种家用和工业用电器设备。
第
2
节
翻译练习
2
The induced
electromotive force lags and the current leads.
Like charges repel and unlike charges
attract.
感应电动势滞后，而电流导前。
同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。
（省译）
Transformers
are
commonly
used
in
radio
receivers
and
electrical
communication
circuits,
and
they are generally much
smaller than those for power transmission.
Analyzing the dynamics of the way a
person signs his or her name, and not just how the
signature
looks, is one basis of a
biometric verifier.
变压器通常用于无线电收音机和电信电路中
，
可是这些变压器一般比用于输电的变压器小得
多。
分析一个人签名时书法的笔力，
而不只是分析签
名的字形如何，
这是生物统计学核实器的一
个基本点。
第
2
节
翻译练习
3
It is
important to know that different types of control
circuits may be used in one control system,
and a completed control loop may
consist of a combination of electric, pneumatic,
or hydraulic
elements.
重要的是要
知道，
在一个控制系统中可使用不同类型的控制电路，
而且一个
完整的控制回路
可由电力、气动或液压配合组成。
The synchronous motor is even more
expensive and requires a source of d.c.
excitation, as well as
special
synchronizing control to apply the d.c. power at
the correct instant.
Telephone
communication is now widespread and efficient.
The machine is old and heavy.
同步电动机则更贵，
而且需要直接励磁电源和专门的同步控制器以便在适当的瞬间接
入直流
电源。
现在的电话通讯既广泛又有效。
这台机器又旧又笨重。
第
2
节
翻译练习
4
We have to
replace some of its parts and make this machine
more efficient.
To make the balloon
descend, the “pilot” opened a valve and allowed
some of the gas escape.
我们必须调换某些零件，以使这台机器效率更高。
为使气球降落，
“
飞行员
”
打开阀门，以使部分气体逸出。
Change one or more steps and we will
improve the quality of the finished products.
Use a transformer and we can transform
power at low voltage into power at high voltage
and vice
versa.
若改变一个或几个步骤，我们就有可能提高成品的质量。
用了变压器，我们就可以把低电压变为高电压，也可把高电压变为低电压。
< br>
第
2
节
翻译练习
5
Uncap
openings in indicators and connect lines.
Install aluminum washers nest to pump,
steel washers next, and install nuts.
Lead lacks tensile strength and it
cannot be drawn out in the form of fine wire.
取下仪表开口处的盖子，再接上管路。
40
铅的张力差，因此不能制成细丝状。
紧贴泵处安上铝垫片，然后加钢垫片，再安上螺栓。
For
LP
turbine
there
is
no
residual
axial
thrust
caused
from
blading
because
of
the
turbine’s
double-flow
arrangement of blading and thus no balancing
piston is needed.
至于低压汽轮机，
并没
有残存的轴力，
因为汽轮机的叶栅作双流配置，
因而也无需采用
平衡
轮。
第
2
节
翻译练习
6
The plan is
very complicated technically, but the general idea
is quite simple.
Now the electrons
which have been driven onto the negative plate are
trying to get back to the
positive
plate, but cannot do so because of the e.m.f which
is applied to the plates.
这一计划在技术上十分复杂，但总的想法却相当简单。
现在已被赶到负极上的电子力图返回正极，可是由于极板上施加有电动势的缘故而办不到。
There are already a number of
modern vehicles which are not yet in common use,
but which may
become a usual means of
transport in the future.
现在已有一些现代化的运载工具
，
它们目前尚未被普遍使用，
但将来可能成为一种日常的交
通工具。
第
2
节
翻译练习
7
But that he
prevented me, I might have kept the machine parts
in the damp place.
But
that
the
checking
up
of
the
experimental
data
had
taken
so
much
time,
we
should
have
completed our work long ago.
若不是他阻止，我可能就会把那些机器零件保存在潮湿的地方。
假若检验这些实验数据不花那么多时间，我们早就完成了这项工作。
But for air, the earth would undergo
extreme changes in temperature.
But for
the laws of motion as a basis, thousands of
discoveries and inventions would have been
out of the question.
要是没有空气，地球温度就会发生剧变。
如果没有运动定律作为基础，就不可能有成千上万的发现和发明。
第
2
节
翻译练习
8
The
positive and negative ions become separated or
dissociated.
No
electric
charges
have
been
observed
of
smaller
magnitude
than
the
charge
of
protons
or
electrons.
Foods quick-
frozen in liquid nitrogen or carbon dioxide have
transformed the way we eat.
正负离子彼此分解或电离。
还没有观察到比质子或电子的电量更小的电荷。
用液态氮或二氧化碳速冻的食物已改变了我们的饮食习惯。
We
will
start
with
a
cubic
inch
of
hydrogen
at
atmosphere
pressure
(or
the
air
pressure
at
the
earth’s
surface).
Scientists have
shown that certain chemicals are slowly eroding
the ozone layer. The main culprits
are
chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs.
Fire is a
chemical action, or an action taking place between
different chemical substances.
我们从大气压力（
即地球表面的空气压力）下的一立方英寸氢气开始。
科学家们
已经证明，某些化工产品会慢慢破坏臭氧层。主要诱因就是氯氟甲烷，即氟里昂。
火是一种化学反应，也就是发生在不同化学物质间的一种作用。
第
2
节
翻译练习
9
41
Right or wrong, his theory is the most
influential.
All methods, simple or
complicated, are employed in the tension-test.
You have to open the switch right away
or else the fuse will be burned off.
无论对错，他的理论无疑是最有影响力的。
在拉伸试验中，所有方法不论简单还是复杂，都用过了。
你必须把开关立即断开，否则保险丝就会烧断。
A body must move, or no work is done.
These old transformers have been used
for ten or twenty years.
The newly-
installed generating set will be put in operation
a month or so.
物体必须移动，否则就没有做功。
这些旧变压器已经使用大约一二十年了。
新机组再有一个月左右就投入运行。
第
2
节
翻译练习
10
The
central computer’s job is to run through the maps
in its database as well as details on road
works, weather, etc.
Boiling
point
elevations,
as
well
as
the
variation
of
the
heat
capacities
and
latent
heats
with
temperature, are negligible.
中心计算机的任务是查阅储存在数据库中的地图以及修路工程、天气等详细情况。
沸点升高以及热容和潜热随温度的变化而忽略不计。
He discovered that he could send the
sound of music as well as the dot-and-dash sounds
of Morse
Code through the coil.
The physics students study chemistry as
well as physics.
他发现不仅能使线圈传送莫尔斯电码的点划音，而
且也能是线圈传送音乐。
（倒译法）
物理系学生不仅学物理，而且要学化学。
（倒译）
Experimental data can be used to
illustrate the application techniques as well as
to demonstrate the
validity of the
approach.
In order to get various
vitamins a person should eat a diet including
vegetables as well as meat.
实验数据既能用来说明应
用技术，也能用来验证方法的有效性。
（顺译）
为了摄取多种维生素，一个人既应该吃些素食，也该吃荤食。
（顺译）
第
2
节
翻译练习
11
When light
strikes an opaque object, the light is either
absorbed or reflected.
The oxygen
contained in the rocket is either in the liquid or
in the solid form.
When astronomers
look at the sky, they expect to see either a star
or a galaxy.
当光照在不透明的物体上时，光或是被吸引或是被反射。
火箭内储存的氧或是液态的，或是固态的。
< br>每次天文学家观测天空，他们期望看到的不外乎是一个恒星或一个星系。
第
2
节
翻译练习
12
There are
materials which are neither good conductors nor
good insulators.
It is neither possible
nor practical to make many parts to an exact size.
Neither glass nor porcelain is a
conductor.
有些材料既非良好的导体也非良好的绝缘体。
要使许多零件加工尺寸丝毫不差，既不可能，也不切实际。
玻璃和陶瓷都不是导体。
第
2
节
翻译练习
13
42
Not only does air exert pressure, but
it also has buoyancy.
This method not
only simplifies analysis but also facilitates
measurements.
空气不仅产生压力，而且有浮力。
这种方法不仅简化了分析，而且也便于测量。
7.3
常用主从连接词的译法
第
3
节
翻译练习
1
The loop
oscillator frequency can be the same as, or a
multiple of , the reference frequency.
Because
a
d.c.
motor
is
the
same
physical
machine
as
a
d.c.
generator,
its
equivalent
circuit
is
exactly the same as that of a generator
except for the direction of current flow.
环路振荡器可以和参考频率相同，也可以是参考频率的倍数。
由于直流电机与直流发电机的物理结构是一样的，
其等效电路除
了电流方向外也与直流发电
机相同。
R2, as is shown in Fig. 3, has been
split in halves to enable the feedback to be
applied.
Under certain conditions a
body can be charged, as has been said before.
如图
3
所示，
R2
被分为两半，使得反馈能够加上去。
在一定的条件下，物体能够带电，这在前面已经讲到。
第
3
节
翻译练习
2
As current
is increased, the flux builds up according to
Curve 2.
As you are doing the
experiment, write down the observations.
当电流增大，磁通沿着曲线
2
增大。
在你做实验的同时，把观察到的情况记录下来。
As
the
21st
century
approaches,
complicated
digital
technologies
and
the
promise
of
exploding
bandwidth are
combining to create a third kind of convergence.
As particle has no extent, its position
is a point.
As water is a compound, it
can be decomposed.
As the current was
trebled abruptly, the second valve burnt out.
随着
21
世纪的来临，复杂的数字技术与带宽不
断扩大的前景相结合将会创造出第三种意义
的
“
连通
”
。
由于质点没有广度，它的位置是一个点。
因为水是化合物，所以可以分解。
由于电流突然增加了两倍，第二个电子管烧坏了。
第
3
节
翻译练习
3
Gravity,
the force of the earth’s attraction, governs the
atmosphere just as it governs solid
objects.
Some waves are
reflected as a mirror reflects light.
The large force is to the small force
as the large area is to the small area.
引力，即地球的吸引力，正像它影响着固体那样影响着大气。
大的力与小的力之比就像大面积与小面积之比。
有些波被反射，就像镜子反射光一样。
Electron tubes are not so light in
weight as semiconductor devices.
The
tools are machined to tolerances as close as
0.0001 inch.
Modern computers can store
the facts as fast as they are gathered and pour
them
out whenever
they are
needed.
电子管的重量不如半导体器件那么轻。
现代计算机能尽快地将收集到的资料储存起来，并在需要时输送出去。
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