怎样做好中考英语阅读理解

1.

阅读文章不少于三篇，阅读量在

1

，

000

单词左右；

2.

题材广泛，包括科普，社会，文化，政治，经济等；

3.

体裁多样，包阔记叙文，说明文，应用 文等。

中考阅读理解考查的主要内容是：

1 .

考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。

< br>此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落（或短文）的主题，主题思想，标题或目的，其主要提问方式是：

1) Which is the best title of the passage?

2) Which of the following is this passage about?

3) In this passage the writer tries to tell us that______.

4) The passage tells us that______.

5) This passage mainly talks about_______.

2.

考查把握文章 的事实和细节的能力。

此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针 对文章的细节设计的，其主要提问方式是：

1) Which of the following is right?

2) Which of the following is not mentioned?

3) Which of the following is Not True in the passage?

4) Choose the right order of this passage.

5) From this passage we know ________.

3.

考查根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能 力。

此类猜测词义的题目要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的 词或短语的准确含义。其主要提问方式是：

1) The word “

” in the passage probably means ________.

2) The unde

rlined word “It” in the passage refers to _______.

3) In this story the underlined word “

” means ________.

4) Here “it” means________.

4.

考查对阅读材料全篇的逻辑关系的理解，对文章各段，各句之间的逻辑关系的理解能力。

此类题目主要考查的是句语句之间，短语短之间的逻辑关系，其主要提问方式是：

1) Many visitors come to the writer’s c

ity to ________.

2) Some shops can be built Donfeng Square so that they may _____.

3) Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because _____.

4) Why did the writer get off the train two stops before Vienna station?

5.

考查依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判断的能力 。

此类题目文章中没有明确的答案，需要考生再理解全文的基 础上进行推理和判断。其主要提问方式是：

1) We can guess the writer of the letter may be a ______.

2) We can infer from the text that _______.

3) From the letters we’ve learned that it’s very _____ to know something about American social customs.

4) From the story we can guess ______.

5) What would be happy if …?

6.

考查推断作者意图和态度的能力。

1) How did the writer feel at Vienna station?

2) The writer writes this text to ______.

3) The writer believes that ______.

4) The writer suggests that ______.

二、阅读理解题的解题技巧

明确了阅读理解题的考查要点以后，我们现在来研究破解阅读理解题的

方法和技巧。

1

．如何获取段落的主旨和大意？

最有效 的办法是找出主题句。一篇文章（或一段文章）通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。而这个中心意思往往由

一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。因此，理解一个段落或一 篇文章的中心意思首

先要学会寻找主题句。主题句一般具有三个特点：

< br>

1

）表述的意思比较概括，相对其主句来看，这种概括 性更为明显。

2

）句子结构较简单， 多数都不采用长、难句的形式。

3

） 段落中其它的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想。

在一个段落中，大部分主题句的位置有两种：

1

）主题句在段首

主题句在段首的情况相当普遍。一般新闻报道、说明文

,

议论文大都采用先总述，后分述的叙事方法。例如：某年

陕西省英语 中考试题阅读材料

B

的第一段：

All living things on the earth need other living things to live.

Nothing lives alone. Most animals must live in a group, and

even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind. Sometimes one living thing kills another, one eats and the other

is eaten. Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live, and together they form a food chain(

食物链

)

。

Some food

chains become broken up if one of the links disappears.

第一句即是主题句

。这 个句子概括了本段的中心意思，

“

地球上所有的生物要生存都离 不开其它的生物

”

。

后面讲述了

大量的事实，

“

大部分动物必须成群的生活， 甚至一种植物也要和其它同类的植物靠在一起生长。有时一种生物杀死另

一种生物，一种 生物吃另一种生物，而另一种生物被吃

”

。在列举了大量的事实 之后，作者指出：如果这些食物链中的

一个链环消失，所有的食物都会断掉。

2

）主题句在段末。

用归纳 法写文章时，往往表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此结尾。这种位于句末的主题句往往是对

前面细节的总结，归纳或结论。例如某年陕西省中考试题阅读材料

A< /p>

的最后一段：

If you buy some well-made clothes, you can save money because they can last longer. They look good even after they have

been washed many times. Sometimes some clothes cost more money, but it does not mean that they are always better made, or

they always fit better.

In other words, some less expensive clothes look and fit better than more expensive clothes.

这段文章前面列举了两件事实：如果你买一些制作优良的衣服，你会省钱，因为这些衣服能穿得时间长一些。即 使他

们洗了很多次，仍然看起来很好。有时有些衣服花得前更多，但并不意味着这些衣服 做得更好。

最后一句话是对这两

个事实的概括：有些价钱便宜的 衣服比价前贵的衣服更好看，更合身。段末这个句子就是主题句。

2

．如何根据上下文猜测词义？

猜测词义也是一种英语阅读能力。英语阅读理解试题中有不少这样的题目。

< br>

任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。所谓上下文< /p>

(context),

正如英语辞典所解释的，其作

用就是帮助确定上下文中的词、短语或句子的意义。据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义， 即从已知推求

未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。

猜测词义时，我们可以从三个方面来考虑：

1

）

根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推理。

2

）运用语法知识进行语法分析。

3

）依靠常识和经验做 出判断。根据上下文

猜测词义的方法有下列几种：

根据定义或解释猜测词义。

例如：甘肃省某 年中考英语试题阅读材料

B:

A bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful. It gives us someinteresting phrases(

短语

). One is “ to let the cat out of the bag.” It

is the same as “to tell a secret”….Now when someone lets out (

泄漏

)a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag.”

短文后面有一个理解题目：

John “lets the cat out of the bag” means he ________.

A. makes everyone know a secret

B. the woman bought a cat

C. buys a cat in the bag

D. sells the cat in the bag

在这篇文章里，

“let the cat out of the bag”

虽然是一个新出现的

短语，但紧接着后面就给出解释

It is the same as “to tell a secret.

根据这一解释，我们就可判断出正确答案 应为

A

。

（

2

）根据并列、同位关系猜测词义。

例如：福州市某年中考英语试题的阅读材料

A:

In the northeast of the United States, summer temperatures are very different from winter temperatures. Summer is usually hot,

and winter is usually cold. Spring temperatures are warm, and fall temperatures are cool.

文后有这样一道阅读理解题：

The word “fall” in this passage means ________.

A. drop

B. down

C. autumn

D. spring

尽管

fall

一词课本里没出现过，但根据文中的并列关系

Summer

is

usually

hot,

and

winter

is

usually

cold.

Spring

temperatures are warm, and fall temperatures are cool.

我 们就可猜出

fall

就是

autumn

。

除了前面提到的方法以外，还有下面一些方法：

（

3

）根据同义、反义、因果关系猜测词义。

3

．如何确定细节和事实？

在阅读 理解题目中，有相当一部分是考查细节和事实的题目。这类题目相对容易一些。这些题目有两个共同特点：

（

1

）凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案 大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一

个词或短语，也 可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。

（

< br>2

）干扰项往往是主体思想与细

节混杂，正确答案细节和 非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂。因此，要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目，

一要在文章中找出相应的信息点，二要排除干扰项。请看陕西省中考英语试题阅读理解题第

< br>48

小题：

All living things on the earth need other living things to live . Nothing lives alone . Most animals must live in a group ,

and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind . Sometimes one living thing kills another , one eats and the

other is eaten . Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live , and together they form a food chain

食物链

.

Some food chains are simple , while others are not . But all food chains begin with the sun , and all food chains become broken

up if one of the links disappears.

All life needs sunlight to live on . But only plants can use sunlight directly . Plants are “factories”. They make food from

sunlight , water and things in the soil and air.

Plants feed all other living things . Animals can only use the sun’s en

ergy

能量

after it has been changed into food

by

plants .

Some

animals

feed

directly

on

plants

,others

eat

smaller

animals .

Meat-eating

animals

are

only

eating

plants

indirectly .

What about human beings ? We are members of many food chains . We eat wheat , rice , vegetables , fruits and so on .

We also eat meat and drink milk . But men often break up the food chains . They kill wild animals . They also make rivers ,

lakes and seas dirty . When these rivers , lakes and seas are polluted , the fish in them can not be eaten . If men eat the fish ,

they will get strange diseases.

Each form of life is linked to all others . Breaking the links puts all life in danger.

46. How does every living thing on the earth live ?

A. Each plant can live alone

B. Each animal can live alone.

C. If living things want to live , they must kill each other.

D. Every living thing on the earth cannot live without others.

47. Which living things can use the sun’s energy directly ?

A. Animals.

B. Plants

C. Both animals and plants

D. All living things.

48. What do plants make food from ? They make food from _____.

A. sunlight , water and things in the soil and air

B. water , sunlight and things in the soil

C. water and things in the soil and air

D. water , sunlight and things in the soil

49. Who often break up the food chains ?

A. Human beings.

B. Animals.

C. Plants and animals.

D. Men and wild animals.

50. Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage ?

A. Animals

B. Plants

C. Food Chains

D. Living Things

这一小 题考查的就是文章的细节和事实。

这一细节和事实的表述在文章中可以直接找到：

Plants are “factories”. They

make food from sunlight, water and things in the soil and air.