人事部初级笔译第十二讲英译汉选词讲义

选词问题

story

this war is becoming the most important story of this

generation.(event)

it is quite another story.(situation)

Some reporters who were not included in the session

broke the story.(inside information)

He will be happy if that story holds up.(statement)

The

Rita

Haworth

story

is

the

one

of

the

saddest.(experience)

The story about him became smaller and by and by

faded out from the American TV

.(report)

情况

在这种情况下

under such circumstance

这种情况必须改变

this

state

of

affairs

must

be

changed

现在的情况不同了

things are different now

他的情况怎么样

how do matters stand with them?

前线有什么情况

How is the situation at the front?

我们可能去那，那要视情况而定。

We may go there, but that depends.

?

词义的对应

1.

word for word

Marxism, Aspirin laser, leukemia

2.

one word with multiple equivalents of the same

meaning

wife(

妻子，爱 人，夫人，老婆，媳妇

)

potato(

土豆，洋芋，马铃薯

)

人（

human being, man, people, person

）

3.

one-word with several equivalents

president:

总统，总裁，主席，议长，会长，社长

carry:

搬，运，送，提，拎，挑，担，抬，背，

扛，搂，抱，端，举，夹，捧

机：

machine, engine, plane, aircraft

4.

Equivalents interwoven with one another

Say

说

Speak

讲

Talk

谈

Tell

诉

5.

Words without equivalents

Teenager 13-19

岁的青少年

Prey

Clock-watcher

?

词义选定的八种方法

Deducti on(

通过英英字典进行翻译，最常见译法

)

Transplant

Microwave supermarket

Splashdown dataphone

Extension

Bottleneck

< br>瓶颈

—

交通

—

< br>阻塞

Braintrust

脑托拉斯

—

智

Braindrain

脑排干

—

人才外流

—

人才流失

Substitution:

Explanation:

Mindlessness

思想上的混沌状态

< br>

Togetherness

不分彼此的集体感

Redshirt

美国大学在体育方面有发展 前途的学生

A

throwaway society

一个大手大脚，浪费成风的

社会

Combination

So subtle and careful an observer

精细的观察者

Mendacity and dishonesty

狡诈

Grim and tragic Christmas

惨淡的圣诞节

Body and mind cramped

身心困顿

Pictographic translation

Transliteration

?

词义选定的判定：

（一）

根据上下文

The play

runs

100 nights.

Dr Hunter was one of the most revered

figures

in the

world of learning.

Emancipating

the

mind

means

studying

and

respecting objective

laws

and acting

in accordance

with these

laws

.

解放思想指的是要研究客观规律，

尊重客观规律和按照客观规律办事。

The Constitution has supreme legal

authority

.

宪法具有最高的法律效力。

But,

in

a

world

of

diverse

national,

cultural,

and

ideological

perspectives,

there

has

never

been

a

prospect

of such substantive uniformity.

但是在一个具有不同民族，

文化和思想观点的世

界里，保持实 体法的一致性是没有指望的。

He has the right to vote and to stand for election.

（二）

根据词语的搭配关系

Laws

to

protect

the

rights

of the

trademark

owner

were developed in the early 1800s(

制定

)

Student should develop a good attitude about tests.

（树立）

Albert

Einstein,

who

developed

the

theory

of

relativity, arrived at theory through mathematics.(

创

立

)

He developed an interest in science(

产生

)

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