自考英语(二)阅读理解辅导(11)

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自考英语

(

二

)

阅读理解辅导

(11)

Let Y

our Mind Wander

Until recently daydreaming was generally considered either a waste of time or a symptom of

neurotic tendencies, and habitual daydreaming was regarded as evidence of maladjustment or an

escape from life's realities

and responsibilities. It was believed that habitual daydreaming would

eventually

distance

people

from

society

and

reduce

their

effectiveness

in

coping

with

real

problems. At its best, daydreaming was considered a compensatory substitute for the real things in

life.

As with anything carried to excess, daydreaming can be harmful.

There are always those who would substitute fantasy lives for the rewards of real activity. But

such extremes are relatively race, and there is a growing body of evidence to support the

fact that

most people suffer from a lack of daydreaming rather than an excess of it.

We

are

now

beginning

to

learn

how

valuable

it

really

is

and

that

when

individuals

are

completely prevented form daydreaming, their emotional balance can be disturbed.

Not only are

they

less

able

to

deal

with

the

pressures

of

day- to-day

existence,

but

also

their self-control

and

self-direction become endangered.

Recent research indicates that daydreaming is part of daily life and that a certain amount each

day is essential for maintaining equilibrium. Daydreaming, science has discovered, is an effective

relaxation technique. But its beneficial effects go beyond this.

Experiments show that daydreaming significantly contributes to intellectual growth, powers

of concentration, and the ability to interact and communicate with others.

In

an

experiment

with

schoolchildren

in

New

Y

ork,

Dr.

Joan

Freberg

observed

improved

concentration:

the group, and more attention paid to detail.

In another experiment at Y

ale University. Dr. Jerome Singer found that daydreaming resulted

in improved self-control and enhanced creative thinking ability. Daydreaming, Singer pointed out,

is

one

way

individuals

can

improve

upon

reality.

It

is,

he

concluded,

a

powerful

spur

to

achievement.

But the value of daydreaming does not stop here. It has been found that it improves a person's

ability to be better adapted to practical, immediate concerns, to solve everyday problems, and to

come up more readily with new ideas. Contrary to popular belief, constant and conscious effort at

solving a problem is, in reality, one of the most inefficient ways of coping with it. While conscious

initial effort is always necessary, effective solutions to especially severe problems frequently occur

when conscious attempts to solve them have been put off. Inability to relax, to let go of a problem,

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often prevents its solution.

Historically,

scientists

and

inventors

are

one

group

that

seems

to

take

full

advantage

of

relaxed moments. Their biographies reveal that their best ideas seem to have occurred when they

were relaxing

and

daydreaming.

It

is

ell

known,

for

example,

that

Newton solved

many

of

his

toughest problems when his attention was waylaid by private musings. Thomas Alva Edison also

knew the value of

to be dealt with, he would stretch out on his laboratory sofa and let fantasies flood mind.

Painters,

writers,

and

composers

also

have

drawn

heavily

on

their

sensitivity

to

inner

fantasies. Debussy used to gaze at the River Seine and the golden reflections of the setting sun to

establish

an

atmosphere

for

creativity.

Brahms

found

that

ideas

came

effortless

only

when

he

approached a state of deep daydreaming. And Cesar Frank is said to have walked around with a

dreamlike gaze while composing, seemingly totally unaware of his surroundings.

Many successful people

actually daydreamed their successes and achievements long before

they

realized

them.

Henry

J.

Kaiser

maintained

that

can

imagine

your

future,

and

he

believed that a great part of his business success was due to positive use of daydreams. Harry S.

Truman said that he used daydreaming for rest.

Conrad

Hilton

dreamed

of

operating

a

hotel

when

he

was

a

boy

.

He

recalled

that

all

his

accomplishments were first realized in his imagination.

someday to do or be. Florence Nightingale dreamed of being a nurse. Edison pictured himself an

inventor;

all

such

characters

escaped

the

mere

push

of circumstance

by

imagining

a

future

so

vividly that they headed for it.

Fosdick, and they show that people can literally daydream themselves to success.

Fosdick, aware of the wonderful power of positive daydreaming, offered this advice:

picture of yourself long and steadily enough in your mind's eye, and you will be drawn toward it.

Picture yourself vividly as defeated and that alone will make victory impossible.

Picture

yourself

as winning

and

that will

contribute

remarkably

to success.

Do

not

picture

yourself as anything, and you will drift like an abandoned ship at sea.

To get the results, you should picture yourself - as vividly as possible - as you want to be. The

important thing to remember is to picture these desired objectives as if you had already attained

them.

Go

over

several

times

the

details

of

these

pictures.

This will

deeply

impress

them

on

your

memory, and these memory traces will soon start influencing your everyday behavior toward the

attainment of the goal.

While exercising your imagination, you should be alone and completely undisturbed. Some

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individuals

seem

to

have

the

ability

to

tune

into

their

private

selves

in

the

midst

of

the

noisiest

crowds

or

company.

But

most

of

us,

especially

when

the

experience

is

new,

require

an

environment free from outside distraction.

A

life

lived

without

fantasy

and

daydreaming

is

a

seriously

impoverished

one.

Each

of

us

should

put

aside

a few

minutes

daily,

taking

short

10-

or

15-minute

vacations.

Daydreaming

is

highly

beneficial

to

your

physical

and

mental

well-being,

and

you

will

find

that

this

modest,

inexpensive investment in time will add up to a more creative and imaginative, a more satisfied,

and a more self-fulfilled you. It offers us a fuller sense of being intensely alive from moment to

moment, and this, of course, contributes greatly to the excitement and joy of living.

让头脑畅想

直到最近白日做梦通常被认为不中 浪费时间就是要患精神病的征兆。

习惯性白日做梦被

看作精神失 调的证据或是对现实生活和责任的逃避。

人们相信，

习惯性白日 作梦被认为是代

替生活现实的补偿品。

任何事 情做得过分都可能有害，

白日做梦也是一样。

总有那么一些人，

他们用想入非非

的生活来代替实际活动得到的好处。

愈来愈多的资料都能

证明这样一种看法：

大多数人的白日梦做得太少了，

而不是 太多了。

现在我们才开始了解到

它确实是那么有价值。