-
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Non-destructive examination of fusion
welds
熔焊焊缝的非破坏性检验
-
Visual
examination
目检
English version of DIN EN 970
DIN EN
970
的英文版本
European Standard EN
970:1997 has the status of a DIN Standard.
欧洲标准
EN 970:1997
具有
DIN
标准的地位。
A comma is used as the
decimal marker.
逗点用作十进制小数点标记。
National foreword
国家标准前言
This standard has been prepared by
CENiTC 121.
本标准已由
CEN/TC121
p>
制订。
The responsible
German body involved
in its preparation
was the NormenausschuB SchweiBtechnik (Welding
Standards Committee).
参与其制定的负责任的德国
机构是
NormenausschuB
SchweiBtechnik
(焊接标准委员会)。
EN comprises 13 pages. EN
p>
包含
13
页。
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页
ICS 25.160.40 Descriptors: Testing,
welded joints, visual examination, metals. ICS 25.
160.40
,关键词:测试、焊接
连接、目检、金属。
English
version
英文版本
Non-
destructive examination of fusion welds
熔焊焊缝的非破坏性检验
Visual examination
目检
This European
Standard was approved by CEN on 1996-1 2-1 2.
本欧洲标准由
CEN
在
1996
年
12
月
12
日批准。
CEN
members
are
bound
to
comply
with
the
CENICENELEC
Internal
Regulations
which
stipulate
the
conditions for giving
this European Standard the status
of a
national standard without any alteration. CEN
成员
必须遵守
CEN/CENELEC
内部规定,该规定规定了在没有任何改变的情况下赋予本欧洲标准以国家标准地位的
条件。
Up-to-date lists and
bibliographical references concerning such
national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat
or to any CEN member.
有关这些国家标准的最新清单及参考书
可通过向
中央秘书处或任何
CEN
成员
索取而获得。
The
European
Standards
exist
in
three
official
versions
(English,
French, German). <
/p>
该欧洲标准具有三个正式的版本
(英语、
法语和德语版本)
。
A
version in any other language
made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN
member into its own language and notified to the
Central
Secretariat has the same status
as the official versions.
由
C
EN
成员负责翻译成其自己语言的任何其他语言的
版本,
并且告知了中央秘书处,
具有同正式版本一样的地位。
CEN members are the national
standards bodies
of
Austria,
Belgium,
Denmark,
Finland,
France,
Germany,
Greece,
Iceland,
Ireland,
Italy,
Luxembourg,
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, and the United
成员是
国家标准的
团体,包括:奥地利、比利时、丹麦、芬兰、法国、德国、希腊、冰岛、爱尔
兰、意大利、卢森堡、荷兰、挪威、
葡萄牙、西班牙、瑞典、瑞士、及英国。
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页
目录
Foreword
前言
.
.................................
..................................................
.....................4
1 Scope 1
范围
.................................
..................................................
.......................4
2 Normative
references 2
标准参考
...........
..................................................
..............5
3
Examination conditions and equipment 3
检测条件和设备
.....................
..............6
4 Personnel 4
人员
....................................
..................................................
..............7
5 Visual examination
-General
5
目检
-
总则
..................................................
.............7
6 Visual examination of
joint preparation 6
焊接连接准备的目检
.
.............................7
7
Visual examination during welding 7
在焊接期
间目检
....................................
.........8
8 Visual examination of the
finished weld 8
以焊好焊缝的目检
.
..............................
...9
8.1
General8.1
总则
...............
..................................................
.................................9
8.2
Cleaning and dressing
8.2
清洁及磨光
...................
..............................................9
8.3 Profile and dimensions
8.3
外形及尺寸
...................
...........................................
1
0
8.5 Post-weld
heat treatment 8.5
焊接后的热处理
.
..................................................
11
9 Visual examination of repaired
welds 9
经修理的焊缝的目检
...........
..................... 11
9.1 General
9.1
总则
......................
..................................................
....................... 11
9.2
Partially removed weld
9.2
经部分去除的焊缝
................
...................................
1
2
9.3 Completely
removed weld 9.3
完全去除焊缝
....
.................................................
1
2
9.4
Examination 9.4
检测
.
.....................................
..................................................
1
2
10 Examination
records 10
检测记录
..............
..................................................
.......
1
2
Annex
A
(informative)
附录
A
(仅供参考)
.
..............................................
............
1
4
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Foreword
前言
This European
Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee
CEN/TC 121
held by DS .
本欧洲标准已经由技术委员会
CEN / TC 121“
p>
焊接
”
制订,由
D
S
控制其秘书处。
This European Standard shall be
gi
ven the status of a national
standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by
endorsement, at the latest
by August 1997, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by August
1997 .
本欧洲标准最迟在
199
7
年
8
月应该通过文字或签字声明而被
给与国家标准的地位,
并且相矛盾的国家标准最迟应该在
199
7
年
8
月撤消。
This European
Standard
has been prepared
under a mandate given to CEN by
the European Commission and
the
European Free Trade
Association, and supports essential requirements
of EU Directive(s) .
本欧洲标准在赋予给
CEN
的
委托书下由欧洲委员会及欧洲自由贸易联盟制订,
并且支持
EU
指令的本质要求。
It should be noticed that a
standard covering the general principles of visual
examination is under preparation by CEN/TC
138 .
应该注意到,覆盖目检的总则由
CEN / TC
138
制订。
According to the CENICENELEC Internal
Regulations, the national standards
organiza
tions of the following
countries are
bound
to
implement
this European Standard:
Austria. Belgium. Denmark. Finland. France.
Germany. Greece.
Iceland.
Ireland.
Italy. Luxembourg.
Netherlands. Norway. Portugal. Spain.
Sweden. Switzerland and the
United
Kingd
om .
按照
CEN/CE
NELEC
内部法规,下列国家的国家标准组织必须实施本欧洲标准:奥地利、比利时、
丹麦、芬兰、法国、德国、希
腊、冰岛、爱尔兰、意大利、卢森堡、荷兰、挪威、葡萄牙
、西班牙、瑞典瑞士、及英国。
1
Scope 1
范围
This European Standard covers the
visual examination of fusion welds in metallic
materials.
本欧洲标准涉及金属材料的熔
焊目检。
The examination is normally performed
on welds in the as-welded condition but
exceptionally, for example when
第
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required by an application standard or
by agreement between the contracting parties, the
examination may be camed out
at other
stages during the welding process.
通常对已
经焊接好的焊缝进行该检测,但是也有例外,例如,当应用标准要求
时,或当签订合同各
方之间同意时,在焊接过程中的其他阶段可进行改检测。
2 Normative references
2
标准参考
This European Standard incorporates by
dated or undated reference, provisions from other
publications.
本欧洲标准编入
了其他出版物的
标有日期或未标有日期的参考和措施。
These
normative references are cited at the appropriate
places in
the
text
and
the
publications
are
listed
hereafter.
这些标准参考在适当的地方被引用并且在后面列出出版物。
For
dated
references, subsequent amendments to or
revisions of any of
these
publications apply to
this European
Standard only,
when incorporated in it
by amendment or revision.
对于标有日期的参考,仅当按
修改或版本引用时,任何出版物的随后修
改或版本适用于本欧洲标准。
< br>
For undated references the latest
edition of the publication referred to applies.
对于未标日期
的参考,使用被引用出版物的最近版本。
EN 288-2 Specification and approval of
welding procedures for metallic materials-Part 2:
Welding procedure specification
for arc
welding EN 288 - 2
金属材料焊接程序的技术说明及批准
——
第
2
部分:电弧焊
的焊接工艺规程
EN 473 Qualification and certification
of NDT personnel -General principles EN 473 NDT
人员的资格和认证
-
总则
prEN 12062
Non-destructive examination
of welds -General rules prEN 12062
焊缝的非
破坏性检验
-
总则
EN 25817 Arc-
welded joints in steel -Guidance on quality levels
for imperfections (IS0 581 7: 1992) EN 25817
钢的电弧焊
连接
——
对缺陷的质量水平的控制(
IS0 581 7 :
1992
)
EN 30042 Arc-welded joints
in aluminium and its weldable alloys -Guidance on
quality levels for imperfections (IS0 10042:
1992) EN 30042
铝及其可焊接的合金的电弧焊
连接
——
对缺陷的质量水平的控制(
I
S0 10042 : 1992
)
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IS0 3058: 1974 Non-destructive testings
-Aids to visual inspection -Selection of low power
magnifiers IS0 3058 : 1974
非破
坏性试验
——
目测检查的辅助工具
—
—
低倍放大镜的选择
IS0 3599 : 1976 Vernier
callipers reading to 0,l and 0,05 mm IS0 3599 :
1976
最小读数在
0.1
及
0.05
毫米的游标卡尺
3
Examination conditions and equipment 3
检测条件和设备
The illuminance at the surface, shall
be a minimum of 350 Ix, 500 Ix are recommended.
表面的照度最少应该为
350
Lux
,
推荐值为
500
lux
。
For performance of direct inspection,
the access shall be sufficient to place the eye
within 600 mm of the surface to be
examined and at an angle not less than
approximately 30
对于直接检查的执行,
应
该能够在待检查表面
600
毫米内有足够的地方移动眼睛,并且
眼睛与表面的角度不小于约
30
度(参见图
1
)。
Figure 1:Access for
examination
图
1:
检测
的可接近性
Remote
inspection
using
boroscopes,
fibre
optics
or
cameras
shall
be
considered
as
additional
requirements
and
be
specified
by an application standard or by agreement between
the contracting parties.
使用光学缺陷探测仪、
光学纤维或照
相机进行远距离检查因该被认为是辅助的要求,并且经应用
标准的规定或经签订合同各方之间的同意。
If required to obtain a
good contrast and
relief effect between
imperfections and background,
an
additional light source
should be used.
如果要求在缺陷处和背景之间获得较好的对比度和立体效应,应该使用附加的光源。
p>
In
case
of
doubt,
visual
examination
should
be
supplemented
by
other
non-destructive
testing
methods
for
surface
inspections.
在不确信的情况下,目检应该由其
他表面检查的非破坏性试验方法进行补充。
Examples of examination
equipment are given in annex A.
附录
A
中给出了检测设备的实例。
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4 Personnel 4
人员
Personnel who carry out
examination in accordance with this European
Standard should
根据本欧洲标准进行检测的人员应
该:
a) be familiar with
relevant standards, rules and specifications a)
熟悉相关标准、规则及技术说明;
b) be informed about the
welding procedure to be used b)
知悉将要使用的焊接程序;
c) have a good vision in
accordance with the requirements of EN 473, which
should be checked every 12 months.
c)
根据
EN 473
的要求具有较好
的视力,视力应该每
12
个月进行检查。
5 Visual examination
-General
5
目检
-
总则
The extent of examination
shall be defined in advance b
y an
application standard or by agreement between the
contracting
parties.
检测范围应该预先由应用标准规定或得到签订合同各方的同意。
The examiner
shall have access to the necessary inspection and
production documentation required.
检查人员
应该能够获
得所要求的需要的检查和生产文件。
Welds shall be
examined in the as-welded condition while physical
access is possible and sometimes it is also
necessary
to examine surface
treatments.
在可接近的情况下,应该在焊接好后检查焊缝,并且有时也必
须检查表面处理。
6
Visual examination of joint preparation 6
焊接连接准备的目检
When
visual examination is required prior to welding,
the welds shall be examined to check that :
当在焊接前要求目检时,
因该检查焊缝以检查
:
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a) the shape and dimensions of
the
weld preparation
meet the specified
requirements given in the welding
procedure
specification, e.g. in
accordance with EN 288-2 a)
焊接坡口加工的形状及
尺寸满足焊接工艺规程中给出的规定要求,例如,
根据
EN
288 - 2
;
b) the fusion faces and adjacent
surfaces are cleaned
b)
坡口面及邻接面是清洁的;
c) the parts to be joined by welding
are fixed in relation to each other according to
drawings or instructions. c)
将要通过焊接
而连接在一起的部件按照图纸或指导书彼此固定。
7 Visual examination during
welding 7
在焊接期间目检
When required, the weld shall be
examined during the welding process to check that
:
当要求时
,
在焊接过程中应该检查
焊
缝以检查:
a) each run or layer of
weld metal is cleaned before it is covered by a
further run, particular attention being paid to
the
junctions between the weld metal
and the fusion face a)
每个焊缝或焊缝金属层在其被另
外的焊缝覆盖之前必须清洁干净
,
特别需要注意焊缝金属与坡口
面之间的结合;
b) there are no visible imperfections,
e.g. cracks or cavities if such imperfections
are observed, they shall be reported
so
that remedial action can be taken
before the deposition of further weld metal b)
p>
没有可见的缺陷,例如,裂纹或气蚀区;如
果观察到这种缺陷,应该
报告该种缺陷以便在其他焊缝金属堆积前提出补救措施;
c) the transition between
the runs and between the weld and the parent metal
has such a shape that satisfactory
melting
can be accomplished
when welding the next run c)
焊缝之间或焊缝和母
材金属之间的过渡具有该种形状使得当焊接下一个
焊缝时能获得满意的溶化;
d) the
depth and shape of gouging is in accordance with
the WPS or compared with the original groove shape
in order to
assure complete removal of
the weld metal as specified. d)
凿孔的深度及形状
与
WPS
一致或类似原始的槽形以保证能按照
< br>规定完全去掉焊缝金属。
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8 Visual examination of the finished
weld 8
已经焊好焊缝的目检
8.1 General8.1
总则
The finished
weld shall be examined to determine whether it
meets the agreed acceptance standard, e.g. EN
25817 or E
N
30042 or by
reference
to prEN 12062.
应该检
查已经完成的焊缝以判断其是否到达认可的验收标准,例如
EN
25817
或
EN
30042
或参考
prEN
12062
。
If not
specifically included within the requirements of
an application standard or by agreement
between the contracting parties, the
items detailed in 8.2 to 8.5 shall be checked.
如果没有明确地包括在应用标准要求内或
未经签订合同各方同意,那么
应该检查在
8.2
到
8.5
中详细描述的项点。
8.2 Cleaning and dressing
8.2
清洁及磨光
The weld shall be examined to check
that :
应该检查焊缝以检查:
a) all slag
has been removed by manual or
mechanical
means.
a)
已经通过手工或机械方法去除所有的焊渣。
This is to
avoid
imperfections from being obscured
这也能够防止缺陷变得模糊不清;
b) there are no tool
impressions or blow marks
b)
没有工具压迹或吹扫的印迹;
c)
when weld
dressing is required, overheating of the joint due
to grinding is avoided and
that grinding marks and an
uneven finish are also avoided c)
当要求焊缝修整时,应该避免由于打磨引起的连接处过热,并且也应当避免打磨痕迹和不
平的表面;
d) for fillet welds and butt welds to
be dressed flush, the joint merges smoothly with
the parent metal without under flushing.
d)
对于将要被修整平齐的角焊缝和对接焊缝,连接处应该与母材金属平滑地连接在
一起,而不能过分打磨。