-
12
maximal onset
principle
states that when
there is a choice as to where to place a
consonant. it is put into the onset
rather than the coda. . The correct
syllabification of
the word country
should be
第一章，填空
1. The
study of the meaning of lingustic words, phrases
is called
semantics.
2.
Displacement
is a design feature of human language that enables
speakers to talk
about a wild range of
things free from barriers caused by
4.
Morpheme
is
the smallest meaningful unit of
language.
5. If a linguistic
study describes and analyzes the language people
actually use, it is said
to
be
descriptive.
6.
Chomsky
defines“competence”
as
the
ideal
user's
knowledge
of
the
rules
of
his
language.
7.
Language
is
a
means
of
verbal
communication.
It
is
informative
in
that
communicating by speaking or writing is
a purposeful act.
8. The
link between a linguistic sign and its meaning is
a matter of
9.
Language
is
distinguished
from
traffic
lights
in
that
the
former
has
the
designing
feature of
duality.
10. In linguistics
research, both
quantity
and
quality
approaches are
preferred.
判断：
11. The writing system of a language is
always a later invention used to record speech,
thus there are still many languages in
today's have no ....
√
12.
According to Chomsky, the word “competence” is
not
limited to the ability
of an
ideal native speaker to construct
and recognize
.×
13. Duality and cultural transmission
are two most important design features of human
language.
×
14.
Chomsky's
competence'
and
performance
are
similar
in
meaning
to
S
aussure’s
langue
and parole.
√
15,An important difference between
traditional grammarians and modern linguists in
their study of language is that the
former tended to over-emphasize the written form
of language and encourage people to
imitate the“best authors”for language usage
√
16.
In modern linguistic studies, the
written form of
language is
given more emphasis
than the spoken
form for a of reasons.√
17.
Modern linguistics is mainly
diachronic
.
×
chochronic
共时的
18.
Langue
and
parole
is
the
fundamental
distinction
discussed
by
Chomsky
in
his
Aspects of the Theory of
distinguished the
linguistic competence of the speaker and the
actual phenomena or
data of linguistics
as Parole and language.
√
20.
According
to
Chomsky,
the
task
of
a
linguist
is
to
determine
from
the
data
of
performance the
underlying system of rules that has been
√
选择
:
1. As modern linguistics aims to
describe and analyse the language people actually
use,
and not to lay down rules for
correct linguistic behavior, it is said to be
descriptive
2. I
can refer to Confucius even though he was dead
2000 years ago. This shows that
language has the design feature of
displacement.
3.
“Don’t end a
sentence with a preposition.” this is an example
of
prescriptive
rules.
4.
Which of the following is most referred
to as a branch of
t
he study
of meaning in
5.
The
synchronic
study of language takes a fixed instant as its
point of observation.
6.
The
branch
of
linguistics
that
studies
how
context
influences
the
way
speakers
interpret sentences is called
pragmatics
.
7. The fact that different languages
have different words for the same object is good
proof that human language is
A
没照下图片
arbitrary
8.
The
descriptive of a language as it changes through
time is a
diachronic
study.
9.
题目没照下来。
答案为
：
principles-and-
parameters
theory
10. Chomsky uses the terms
competence
to refer to
actual realization of a language
user’s
knowledge of the rules of his language in
linguistic...
11.
T
ransformationl Generative
Grammar
was introduced by
in 1957.
12.
题
目
没拍下来，
答案
morphology.
13. According to Chomsky,
competence
is the ideal
user’s internalized knowledge of his
language.
14. The
famous quotation from Shakespeare’s play “Romeo
and Juilet”. “A rose by any
other name
would smell as sweet” well illustrate
conventional nature
15.
没拍到
over
various periods of time
历时
diachronic
16. Linguistic is the scientific study
of
human language in genenral
17. Pragmatics is a study
of _____
(D)
A: Language
learning
B: Language
acquisition
C: Language
planning
D: Language in
use
18. A linguist is
interested in ____
(B)
A: What is
said
B: What is right both in
syntax and in semantics
C: What is
grammatical
D: What ought to be
said
19. _____ has been
widely accepted as th
e forefather of
modern linguistics
(B)
A:
Chomsky
B: Saussure
20.
The
fact
that
the
well-
known
Liu
San
Jie
features
a
scence
of
“dui
ge
”
(song
dueling ) mostly for
the sheer joy of playing on ____ function of
language.
(B)
A: phatic
communion
B. recreational
C:
emotive
D: informative
21. The function of th
e
sentence “A nice day, isn’t it” is ____.
(B)
A: informative
B:
phatic
交流感情的
C:
directive
D: performative
24. “Tree” in English, “arbre” in
French and “
木
” in Japanese
all refer to the same thing,
which
indicates that language is
_arbitrary____
(
任意
)
25. The ____ function of language is
primarily to use language to talk about language
itself.
(D)
A: performative
B:
interpersonal
C: informative
D:
meta-language
26.
Displacement benefits human beings by giving them
the power to handle ___(B)
A:
arbitrariness and creativity
B:
generalizations and …..
名词解释
1.
Language
2.
design features
3.
competence &
performance
4.
language & parole
5.
Metalanguage
certain kinds of linguistic signs or
terms for the analysis and description of
particular studies.
简答题
2.
Communication can take many forms, such as sign,
speech, body language and facial
language.
Do
body
language
and
facial
language
expression
share
or
lack
the
distinctive features of human
language
3. Do you prefer
descriptive linguistics to prescriptive
linguistics Give your reasons.
第二章
单词填空
1.
Consonant
sounds
can
be
either
voiced-----
or
voiceless
清音
-----
,
while
all
vowel
sounds
are
voiced-----.
Voicing
浊音
2.
phonological
rules
that
govern
the
combination
of
sounds
in
a
particular
language
are called
有序规则
Sequential rules
(1) and dark
(1) are allophones of the same one phoneme, they
never take the same
position
in
sound
combinations.
Thus
they
are
said
to
be
in
complementary----
distribution.
transcription
transcribes
sounds
with
diacritics,
while
broad----
transcription
does
not.
essential
difference
between
consonants
and
vowels
is
whether
the
air
coming
up
from the lungs meets with
any
obstruction
----- when a
sound is produced.
four sounds /p/, /b/, /m/ and /w/ have
one feature in common, . they are all
b
ilabial
双唇音
-----
1.
in
such
sound
combinations
as
/bi;p/,
/geip/
and
/su;p/,
the
voiceless
stop
/p/,
occurring in the final
position, is unaspirated, . pronounce withheld to
some extent.
T
2.
‘
Beat
”
and
“
bit
”
are not a minimal pair.
F
3.
Voicing
is
a
phonological
feature
that
distinguishes
meaning
in
both
Chinese
and
English.
T
4.
the assimilation rule assimilates one
sound to another by
“
copying
”
a feature of a
sequential phoneme, thus marking the
two phones similar.
T
5.
A general
difference between phonetics and phonology is that
phonetics is focused
on
the
production
of
speech
sounds
while
phonology
is
more
conscience
with
how speech
so
…
T
6.
when a plural
form
–
s is added to a noun
that ends with a vowel, it is pronounced
as {z}, due to assimilation.
F
1.
of
the
following
sound
combinations,
only
----is
permissible
according
to
the
sequential
rules in English.
（
A
）
A.
kibl
B.
bkil
C.
ilkb
D.
ilbk
2.
in terms of
the place of articulation. The following sounds
{t} {d}{z}{s}{n} share the
feature of
---
(B)
A.
palatal
B.
Alveolar
齿槽
C.
bilabial
D.
dental
3.
whose cardinal
vowel system is still in use
(C)
A.
A. J.
Ellis
B.
A. M. Bell
C.
Daniel
Jones
D.
A. C. Gimson
4.
which of the
following sounds is a voiceless bilabial
双唇
stop
(A)
A[p]
B[m]
C[b]
D[t]
5.
According
to
ridicule
of
English
orthography
the
non-existent
word
ghoti
can
be
pronounced in the same
way as ____. (C)
of the
following is the correct description of [v]
(B)
A.
Voiceless
labiodental fricative
B.
Voiced
labiodental fricative
浊音
唇齿
摩擦
C.
Voiceless
labiodental stop
D.
Voiced
labiodental stop
7.____is
a
sound
produced
by
bringing
the
tip
of
the
tongue
into
contact
with
the
upper teeth to create the obstruction.
(A)
alveolar
齿槽音
B.A bilabial
C.A
palatal
D.A
dental
8.________is not an
English consonant.
(A)
-dental
plosive
ar nasal
stop
fricative
h
consonants
can
be
classified
into
stops,fricatives,nasals,
terms
of
_____.
(A)
of articulation
ss of mouth
of
articulation
g
10.______is not a distinctive feature
in English phonology.
(D)
A.
Nasality
B.
Voicing
C.
Aspiration
D.
Rounding
choice
of an allophone in a given phonetic context is
_____
A.
Random
B.
Predictable
C.
Variable
D.
Independent
consonant
[f]
in
English
can
be
correctly
described
as
having
the
following
phonetic
features:
13._______is not a
suprasegmental feature.
(A)
tion
tion
名词解释
International
Association
Phonology
Voicing
Vowel &consonant
Phonetic
Phoneme&allophone
Maximal onset principle
分析
3.
Analyze the data below, and then answer
some questions.
past
[faivpa;st]----[faifpa;st]
to
[l^vt
to
can be
shown
five-nil
to edge
(1)
What rules of
phonological processes do you find
(2)
By
comparison
with
Nasalization
rule:[-nasal]
[+nasal]/____[+nasal].
Dentalization
rule:
[-dental]
[dental]/____[dental],
and
Velarization
rule:
[-velar]
[+velar]/____[+velar],
can
you
give
a
more
general
term
that
covers
all
the
rules
mentioned above
2. The phonological features that occur
above the level of individual sounds are called
suprasegmental
feature.
Discuss
the
main
suprasegmental
features,
illustrating
with
examples how they function in the
distinction of meaning
第三章
21.
Free morpheme
2.
A
root
is often seen as part of a word, but it
can never stand by itself although it
bears clear., definite
meaning,
3. Phonological
rules may move phonemes from one place in the
string to another. For
example, Modern
English verb ask was Old English aksian, with the
k preceding the s.
Sound change as a
result of sound movement is know as
metathesis
(
换位
)
4.
The
morphemes
that
cannot
be
used
by
themselves,
but
must
be
combined
with
other morphemes to form
words are called
bound
morphemes.
5.
Morpheme
is the smallest
meaningful unit of language.
6.
Morphology
is a branch of grammar with studies the
internal structure of words and
the
rules by which words are formed.
7.
Words
are
created
outright
to
fit
some
purpose.
Such
a
method
of
enlarging
the
vocabulary is known as word
coinage.
Kleenex (soft
cleansing tissue)
kodak
、
xerox(photo copier)
8. According to its
position the new word,
affix
is divided into two kinds’
prefixes and
suffixes.
判断：
1.
The part of speech of the compound is
always determined by the part of speech of
the second element, without
2.
Morphology
refers to the study of the internal structure of
words, and the rules by
which words are
formed. T
3.
Simply speaking, a morpheme can be
defined as a minimal unit of
4.
Only words of
the same parts of speech can be combined to form
5.
The same semantic feature occurs on one
part of speech only. For example, female
occurs only in nouns such as mother
,woman, girl. F
6.
New words may
be formed form existing words by suntracting an
affix thought to be
part of the old
word; that is, ignorance sometimes can be
creative. Thus peddle was
derived from
peddler on the mistaken assumption that the er was
the agentive
7.
A compound is the combination of only
two
8.
All words may be said to contain a root
9.
The word photographically is made up of
4
5
10.
Linguistic
change occurs only in sound and lexical system.
But not in
11.
Radar is an example of
首字母缩略词
选择：
1.
Modern
English
words
administration,
parliament,
public,
court,
ect,
originate
from___C___
A.
Middle English
B. Old
English
C. French
D.
Latin
2. Changes in a
language are changes in the grammar of the speaker
of the language.
This
means
that
phonemes,
__C___words
and
grammatical
rules
may
be
borrowed,
added, lost or altered.
A. phrases B. sentences
C.
morphemes
D. utterances
3. The words make and bus
are called ___D____because they can occur
unattached.
A. derivational
morphemes B. inflectional morphemes
C. bound morphemes
D. free
morphemes
4.
Nouns. Verbs. and
Adjectives can be classified as___.
l words
B. grammatical words
C. function words
D. form words
5.
The word “lase” is an
example of ___ in word formation.
A. acronym
B. blending
C. function shift
D. back
formation
and sight
are_C___.
raphy
B. homography
C.
homophony
同音异义
D. hyponymy
is a(n)_A__
A.
coinage
新造词
B. blending
C. acronym
D. clipping
are
different types of affixes
词缀
or morphemes. The affix “ed” in the
word
“learned” is known as a(n)
_C__.
tional morpheme
B. free
morpheme
C. inflectional morpheme
D. Free form
9.
The word “lab” is formed
through_C__.
A back
formation
B.
blending
C. clipping
略写词
D.
Derivation
10.
What
the
element
“
--
es”
indicates
is
third
person
singular.
Present
tense.
The
element “
--
ed”
past tense, and “
-
ing”
progressive aspect. Since they are the smallest
unit of language and meaningful. They
are also_B__.
es
B. morphemes
C. allophones
D. phones
different sub-classes of determiners occur
together, they follow the order of
pre-
determiners central determiners
. Thus
we do NOT find expressions like_C__.
A.
all their
trouble
B. all
the live boys
C. their both sons
D. another three
weeks
第四章
填空
1.
A
sentence
is
a
structurally
independent
unit
that
usually
comprises
a
number
words_
to
form a complete statement,
question
or command.
2.
A
compound
sentence
contains
two
clauses
joined
by
a
linking
word,
such
as
“and
””but ””or”.
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