-
高考总复习：
with
复合结构和独立主格
1. The old couple often take
a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog
____ them.
A. to follow
B. following
C. followed
D. follows
2.
The party will be held in the garden, weather
.
A. permitting
B. to permit
C. permitted
D. permit
3. The
country has already sent up three unmanned
spacecraft, the most recent ______at the end of
last March.
A.
has been launched
C. being launched
A. finished
B.
having been launched
D. to
be launched
C. having
finished
D.
was finishing
4. John received an invitation to
dinner, and with his work_____, he gladly accepted
it.
B. finishing
5.
—
Come on, please give me
some ideas about the project.
—
Sorry. With so much work
my mind, I
almost break down.
A. filled
B.
filling
C.
to fill
D. being filled
6. ________two exams to worry about, I
have to work really hard this weekend.
A. Besides
B. With
C. As for
D.
Because of
7. I couldn
’
t do
my homework with all that noise ________.
A. going on
B.
goes on
C. went on
D. to go on
8.
They started off late and got to the airport with
minutes to _______.
A
．
spare
B
．
catch
C
．
leave
D
．
make
1. B
。
with
后接非谓语复合结构，
< br>pet dog
和
follow
构成主谓关系，用
following
。
2.
A
。此处主句的主语
party
和<
/p>
weather
不一致，所以
weath
er
保留，作
permitting
的
逻辑主
语，构成独立主格结构。另外，
weather
与
permit
之间是主动关系，故用现在分词
。
句意：如果天气允许，聚会将在花园举行。
3. B
。
此句前后句没连词，
只有逗号是不能连接两个句子的，
所以后边
t
he most recent ______
at the end of
last
March
就是独立主格的形式了，在句中做伴随状语。
4.
A
。
a
nd
连接前后两个并列句。在后一个句子中，
with
结构为独立主格结构，对于
finish
的逻辑
主语
his work
来说，是“被完成”
，而且不能用谓语结构，选用过去分词表示被动关
系。
5. B
。在句子中，
with
结构为独立主格结构，对于
fill
的逻辑主
语
too much work
来说，是主
谓关系，而且不能用谓语结构，选用现在分词表示主动关系。
6. B
。从句子的结构看这里必须要填一个介词，而不能填连
词，
“
as
for
”
意思是“至于、关
于”
；
because of
< br>意思是“由于、因为”
，其后不能跟复合结构，所以不能选择
C
和
D
。在所
给的选项中只有
with
才符合构成“
with + n. / pron. + to do
”结构。句意是：由于担心这两
门考试，本周末我得真的用功了。
7. A
。
“
< br>with+
宾语
+
现在分词”作
宾语补足语
,
在句中作
couldn<
/p>
’
t do my homework
的
原因状语
.
而
all that
noise
与
go on
在逻辑上是主谓关系，而且强调动作正在进行，所以用现在分词做
宾语补足
语。
8. A
。
此题考查
“
with+
宾语
+
不定式”
作宾语补足语，
< br>在句中作结果状语。
而
minutes
< br>与
to spare
在逻辑上是主谓关系，而且强调动作
没有完成，所以用不定式做宾语补足语。
知识讲解
with
复合结构
with
复合结构是由“
with+
复合宾语”组成，常在句中做状语，表示谓语动作发生的伴
随情况、时间、原因、方式等。其构成有下列几种情形：
带介词的复合结构
He was asleep with
his head on his arms.
The teacher came
into the classroom with a book in his hand.
We sat on the dry grass with our backs
against the wall.
带现在分词的复合结构
I
won
’
t be able to go on a
holiday with my mother being ill.
With
winter coming on, it
’
s time
to buy warm clothes.
（
As
winter comes on, it
’
s time
to buy
warm
clothes.
）
注意：
with
和
as
都译为
“随着”
，但是
with
为介词，后接
分词结构；
as
为连词，后接从句。
Ann fell asleep with the light burning.
With the price of gold going up, South
Africa
’
s economy was
good
.
■
with +
名词
(
或代词
) +
过去分词
，
过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。
The murderer was brought in, with his
hands tied behind his back.
（伴随情况）
I sat in
my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on
the ceiling.
（伴随情况）
She had to walk home with her bike
stolen.
（原因状语）
with +
名词
(
或代词
) +
动词不定式，
不定式表示将发生的动作。
With nothing to burn, the fire became
weak and finally died out.
（原因状语）
With no
one to talk to, John felt
miserable.
（原因状语）
With a lot of work to do, he wasn't
allowed to go out.
（原因状语）
with +
名词
(
或代词
) +
形容词
I like to
sleep with the windows
open.
（伴随情况）
With
the weather so close and stuffy, ten to one
it
’
ll rain
presently.
（原因状语）
With his son so disappointing, the old
man felt unhappy.
（原因状语）
With his father well-
known,
the boy didn’t want to study.
（原因状语）
with +
名词
(
或代词
) +
介词短语
With the
children at school, we can't take our vacation
when we want to.
（原因状语）
The soldier had him stand with his back
to his father.
（行为方式）
with +
名词
(
或代词
) +
副词
He fell asleep
with the light on.
（伴随情况）
The boy stood there with his head
down.
（伴随情况）
With
production up by 60%, the company has had another
excellent year.
（原因状语）
独立主格结构
非谓语动词作状语时，
它的逻辑主语
应该是句子的主语。
但有时非谓语动词带有自己的
主语，从而在
结构上与主语不发生关系，我们称之为独立主格结构。其实，所谓“独立主格
结构”
也并非真正独立，
它还是一种从属的结构。
在独立主格结构中，
非谓语动词和它前面
的名词或代词存在着逻
辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。
不定式“独立主格结构”
在“逻辑主语
+
动词不定式”结构中，动词不定
式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上
的主谓关系。这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句
来表达。
An important lecture to
be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will
be given tomorrow), the
professor has
to stay up late into the night.
He is
going to make a model plane, some old parts to hel
p.
（借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞
机模型。
）
They said good-bye to
each other, one to go home, the other to go to the
bookstore. (
他们道别后，
一个回了家，一个去了
书店。
）
-ing
形式“独立主格结构”
表示时间的
-ing
形式作“独立主格结构
”
：
Everyone being
ready, the teacher began his
class.
（
Everyone being ready<
/p>
相当于一个时间状语
从句
When
everyone was ready)
The chairman began
the meeting, everyone being seated.
（
The chairman began the meet
ing
相当
于一个时间状语从句
aft
er everyone was seated
）
表示原因的
-ing
形式作“独立主格结构”<
/p>
：
The boy leading
the way, we had no trouble finding the strange
cave.
（
The boy leading the
way
相当于一个原因状语从句
Because the
boy led the way
）
Many eyes watching him, he felt a bit
nervous.
（
Many eyes watching
him
相当于一个原因状语从句
As many eyes
were watching him
）
表示条件的
-ing
形式作“独立主格结构”
：
Time permitting, we
will have a picnic next week.
（
Time
permitting
相当于一个条件状语从句
If time
permits)
My health allowing, I will
work far into the night.
（
My
health allowing
相当于一个条件状语从句
If
my health allows
）
表示方式的
-ing
形式作“独立主格结构”
：
The students are
walking in the school happily, each wearing a card
in front of his chest.
（
each
wearing a card in front of his
chest
相当于一个并列分句
and each wears
a card in front of
his
chest
）
The boy
lay on the grass, his eyes looking at the sky.