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系动词用法的详细归纳

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2021-02-13 04:13
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2021年2月13日发(作者:开渔节)


系动词



系动词亦称联系动词(


Link Verb

),作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用


作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语 ),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、


特征等情况。




系动词的分类:





1


)状态系动词


用来表示主语状态,只有


be


一词,例如:



He is a teacher.



他是一名教师。(


is


与补足语一起说明主语的身份 。)




2


)持续系动词



用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有


keep,


rest,


remain,


stay,


lie,


stand,


例如:



He always kept silent at meeting.




他开会时总保持沉默。



This matter rests a mystery.




此事仍是一个谜。




3


)表像系动词


用来表示



看起来像



这一概念,主要有


seem, appear, look,


例如:



He looks tired.




他看起来很累。



He seems (to be) very sad.




他看起来很伤心。




4


)感官系动词



感官系动词主要有


feel, smell, sound, taste,


例如:



This kind of cloth feels very soft.




这种布手感很软。



This flower smells very sweet.




这朵花闻起来很香。




5


)变化系动词





这些系动词表示主语变成什么样, 变化系动词主要有


become, grow, turn, fall,


get, go, come, run.


例如:



He became mad after that.




自那之后,他疯了。



She grew rich within a short time.




她没多长时间就富了。




6


)终止系动词



表示主语已终止动作,主要有


prove, trun out,


表达



证实

< br>




变成



之意,例如:



The rumor proved false.



这谣言证实有假。



The search proved difficult.



搜查证实很难。



His plan turned out a success.




他的计划终于成功了。(


turn out


表终止性结果)




各类系动词用法:



be


动词用法





be + adj



He is tall.


他长的高。



She is angry.


她生气。



The cat is black.


这只猫是黑色的。




be + adv.


(


又可作为介词的部分副词


)


My parents are in.


我的父母在家。(


in


在此为副词)。



The new album is not out yet.


新专辑还没发布呢。



Sales are up.


销售量上升了。




be + n.



Jane is a student.


简是一名学生。



Life is an art.


生活是一种艺术。



Guangzhou is a big city.


广州是个大城市。



big


修饰


city



核心词是名词


city

< br>)




be + v-ing



His favorite sport is playing basketball.


他最喜欢的运动是打篮球。



Your job is taking care of the baby.


你的工作是照顾好婴儿。



Her hobby is teaching.


她的爱好是教书。





【注意】



此结构不是表示进行时态。请对比:




His favorite sport is playing basketball.


他最喜欢的运动是打篮球。



(表示最喜欢的运动是什么


;playing


是动名词作名词用)




He is playing basketball.


他正在打篮球。




(正在进行时,表示他正在进行的动作;

playing


是表示正在进行的动作)




Her hobby is reading.

< p>
她的爱好是阅读。(


reading


是动名词作名 词用)



She was reading.


她在读书。


(进行时;


reading


是现在分词表示正在进行的动


作)




be +


作形容词用的过去分词



The door is closed.


门是关着的。



The glass is broken.


玻璃碎了。



He is tired.


他累了。




【注意】



此结构不是表示被动。请对比:



The door is closed.


门是关着的。(强 调状态;


closed


是作形容词用)



The door is closed by Tom.


门被汤姆关了。(被动语态,强调动作)




She was exhausted.

< br>她筋疲力尽了。(强调状态;


exhausted


是作形 容词用)



She was exhausted by the long walk.


长途步行让她筋疲力尽。(被动语态,强


调动作)




be +


介词短语



The mirror is on the wall.


镜子在墙上。



The teacher is in the classroom.


老师在教室里。



The cat is under the table.


猫在桌子下面。




be +to do



My dream is to open a company of my own.


我的梦想是开一家自己的公司。



Your job is to solve the problem.


你要做的就是解决这个问题。



My advice is to stop complaining.


我的建议是:停止抱怨。




keep


用法





keep+ adj



We sat around the fire to keep warm.


我们围着火坐以求保暖。



You must keep calm.


你必须保持冷静。



The patient kept sane.


病人仍然神志正常。



Keep still.


别动。




keep+


介词短语



Let’s keep in touch.


我们保持联系。



It's none of your business. You keep out of this.


这不关你的事,你别掺和进来。



You have to keep in line.


你必须排队。




stay


用法





stay+ adj



Eat right to stay healthy.


正确饮食,保持健康。



She stayed awake all night.


她整晚没睡。



Stay silent and stay calm.


保持安静和保持冷静。





stay+ n.



They stayed friends throughout their lives.


他们一生都是朋友。



Stay a student all your life.


一生做个学生。(学无止境)



He is willing to stay a worker.


他乐意继续做工人。




stay+


介词短语



Stay out of trouble.


别惹事。



Stay away from me!


别靠近我!



They stayed in touch for years.


他们保持联系好几年了。




look


的用法




用于非正式场合,侧重从人或物外表视觉得出的印象




look+ adj



You look very tired.


你看起来很累。



He looks sad.


他看起来悲伤。



She doesn't look happy.


她看起来不高兴。




look+ n.



She looks (like) a good girl.


她看起来是个好女孩。



He looks (like) an honest man.


他看起来是个诚实的人。




It looks+ as if/though


引导的从句



It looks as if/though the meeting is over.


会议好像结束了。



It looks as if/though he is ill.


他好像病了。



It looks as if/though it might snow.


好像要下雪了。




look like


好像



It looks like it will not snow.


好像不会下雪。



It looks like she is going to win the competition.


好像她会赢得这场比赛。



It looks like he is not going to come.


好像他不会来了。




appear


用法




常用于正式文体中,侧重表面印象,有时含有实质上并非如此 之意。




appear+ adj



He appeared upset.


他看起来心烦。



She appeared pleased.


她看起来挺高兴。



Although everything appears normal, something is wrong.


虽然所有事表面上看起

来正常,但是有些不对劲。




appear+ n.



She appears a fool.


她看起来像个傻瓜。



He appears a different man.


他看起来像变了个人。



It appears a good deal.


这好像是个不错的交易。




appear+ to+ v.



He appeared to be a calm man.


他好像是个冷静的人。



Her mother appeared to be angry.


她母亲好像生气了。



They appeared to have a good time.


他们好像玩的高兴。



He appears to know what happened.


他好像知道发生了什么事。




seem


用法




seem


指说话人内心的估计与判断




seem+ adj



He seemed very happy.


他似乎很开心。


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