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第二十二章
独立结构
独立结构有时也称为独立从
句,其本质特征有二:一是它有自己的逻辑主语,且和句
子的主语不一致;二是它不含有
动词的限定形式。这类结构与句子的主要部分多用逗
号隔开,有时也可用破折号。
?
独立结构的基本形式
(
p>
1
)名词(或代词)
+
现在分词
Weather permitting, we will go to the
beach on Sunday.
如果天气允许的话,我们星
期天去海边玩。
She
is staring straight ahead, her muscles contracting
slightly.
她两眼直视前方,肌肉
微微收缩。
<
/p>
(
2
)名词(或代词)
< br>+
过去分词
The task finished, Tom had a two-month
leave.
任务完成后,汤姆休了两个月的假。
It was a bright, cold day,
the ground covered with white snow.
这是晴朗
的而寒冷的一
天,地上覆盖者白雪。
(
3
)名词(或代词)
+
动词不定式
Here are the first two volumes, the
third one to come out next month.
这是头两卷
,
第
三卷下月出书。
We shall assemble at 10:45,
the procession to start moving at precisely
eleven.
我们在
1
0
:
45
集合,因为旅行队伍在
11
点准时行动。
(
4
)名词(或代词)
+
形容词
She
entered the office, her nose red with cold.
她走进办公室,鼻子冻的通红。
The floor wet and slippery, we stay
outside.
由于地板又湿又滑,我们就呆在外面。
<
/p>
(
5
)名词(或代词)
< br>+
介词短语
In front of him stood a man, gun in the
hand.
在他面前站着一个人,手中持枪。
The professor rested
against the blackboard, chalk in one hand,
textbook in the other.
教授倚在黑板上,一手拿着粉笔,一手拿着书。
(
6
)名词(或代词)
+<
/p>
副词
The
ceremony over, I went back home.
仪式结束后,我就回家了。
Breakfast over, she went to her
study
.
吃完早饭,她走进书房。
(
7
)名词(或代词)
+
名词
Two hundred
people died in the accident, many of them
children. 200
人在事故中丧生,其
中很多是孩子
。
She talked
about her friends, all of them television stars. <
/p>
她谈起自己的朋友,他们全是电
视明星。
?
有
wit
h
引导的独立结构
介词
with
的宾语后带有不定式、分词、介词短语、形容词或副词等,也可看作
独立结
构。
(
1
)
with +
名词(或代词)
+
动词不定式
They are
highly mechanized farms, with machinery to do all
the work.
它们是高度机械化的农场,所有工作都由机器做。
With all this work to do, I
don
’
t know if
I’
ll have time to go out.
有这么多工作要做,
我不知
道我是否有时间出
去。
(
2
)
with +
名词(或代词)
+
p>
现在分词
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