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9.
对
照
Antithesis
1.
定义
Antithesis is a figure of speech which represents
a
contrast
or
opposition
of
things,
actions,
qualities,
conditions,
effects,
etc.
Antithesis
usually
consists
of
a
pair
of
opposite
things
which
are
expressed
in
two
phrases or sentences. The opposite
things are usually
written in parallel
structure.
对照
(
或反对
)
是
把意义相反的词、短语、句子放在对称的
位置上,以表示事物、行为、品德、条件、效果
等相对立或
对比的修辞格,以平行结构进行表达,从而突出两个事物的
< br>鲜明对比。它相当于汉语对偶中的反对。但两者也有不同之
处:汉语中的反对是由
两个字数相等、结构相似的句子或句
子成分构成;而英语中的
A
ntithesis
既可由两个对称的句
子或句子成分构成,<
/p>
也可由三个或三个以上的并列句子或句
子成分构成,
其中可能由几个并列的句子表达相似或相关的
意思,而只有一个句子与其他各
句形成对照。
Antithesis
也不同于
< br>Parallelism
。
Parallelism
p>
是表达相似或相关的
意思,旨在加强语势;而
Antithesis
是表示相反的意思,
旨在突出对比。<
/p>
例如:
Money
is
a
good
servant
but
a
bad
master.
( Holy Bible )
Life can
only be understood backwards, but it must
be lived forwards. ( William Osler )
只有向后看才能理解生活,但要生活好必须向前看。
*
由于
Antithesis<
/p>
能揭示事物的矛盾性,此类语句往往
说得巧妙、机智、隽永,蕴含
着某种人生的哲理或真谛,加
之结构整齐、匀称,音韵铿锵,故运用频繁,常见于英语谚
语、演说、报刊文献及文学作品中。
2
.表达方式
(
1
)同一
事物两面对照
United we stand;
divided we fall.
团结则存,分裂则亡。
Hope is a good breakfast, but a bad supper.
希望是一顿美好的早餐,但是一顿糟糕的晚餐。
From
them
all
MarkTwain
gained
a
keen
perception
of
the human race, of the
difference between what people
claim
to
be
and
what
they
really
are. (NoelGrove)
从他们身上,马克
?
吐温对人类有了敏锐的深刻
认识,看
清了他们口头说的和实际做的区别。
*
本句中两个
what
引导的从句相对立,形成对照。对人不
能只看他们的宣言,更重要的是要看
他们实际怎么做的。有
些人言行不一,
耍两面派,不要上当。
A
world
will
lament
them
a
day
and
forget
then
forever.
世界对他们会痛苦一时,但最终会永远忘记他们。
America is the paradise for the rich
and the hell
for the poor.
美国是富人的天堂,穷人的地狱。
Caesar. Cowards die many times before their death;
The valiant never taste of death but
once
…
(
William Shakespeare: Julius Caesar )
凯撒
懦夫在未死以前,就已经死过
好多次;勇士一
生只死一次…
They are wonderful when they are good, he thought.
There
is
no
people
like
them
when
they
are
good
and
when
they go bad there is no people that is
worse.
( E. Hemingway: For Whom the
Bell Tolls )
他想,他们好的时候真了
不起。他们好的时候,谁也比
不上他们;他们坏的时候,可谁都不如他们恶毒。
A bank is a place where they
lend you an umbrella
in fair weather
and ask for back again when it begins
to rain. (
Robert
Frost )
银行,是在天晴之时借伞给你,到了下雨之时就催你还
回去的地方。
< br>
“
As Caesar
loved me, I
weep for him; as
he was
fortunate,
I
rejoice
at
it;
as
he
was
valiant,
I
honour
him;
but
as
he
was
ambitious
,
I
slew
him,
There
is
tears
for
his
love;
joy
for
his
fortune;
honour
for
his
valour;
and death for his
ambition.
(
W.
Shakespeare: Julius
Caesar )
“因为恺撒爱我,我为他哭泣;因为
他幸运,我为他高
兴;
因为他英勇,
我
尊崇他;
但因为他有野心,
我杀死了他。
用眼泪回报他的爱;用欢乐庆祝他的幸运;用尊崇纪念他的
英勇;而用死亡制止他的野
心。
”
*
这里有两个
antithesis
结构
。在每一个
antithesis
结
构
中,最后一句与前三句形成对照。
(
2
)两物相对照
The Christian believes that man
came from above.
The evolutionist
believes that he must have come from
below.
基督教徒认为人类来自于天上。
而进化论者则认为人
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