-
英语的后缀具有很强的语法作用，
加在词根上构成派生词，
一般不改变词根的基
本意义，而是改变词性。常用的后缀通常可以分为四个类
型：
1.
名词后缀
-er/-or;
-ar;
-ant;
-tion;
-ing;
-ment;
-al;
-ure;
-ese;
-ian;
-ness;
-ism; -ist; -y;
-(i)ty; -th
(1)
动词加后缀
-er; -or; -ar;
-ant
变为名词，表示“动作执行人”。
e.g.
teach
→
teacher
play
→
player
dream
→
dreamer
employ
→
employer
visit
→
visitor
invent
→
inventor
direct
→
director <
/p>
translate
→
translat
or
lie
→
liar
beg
→
beggar
assist
→
assistant
inhabit
→
inhabitant
apply
→
applicant
(2)
动词加
-tion;
-ing;
-ment;
-al;
-ure
变为相应的名词形式，
表示
“行
为的过程、结果”。
e.g.
organize
→
organization
inform
→
information
congratulate
→
congratulation
greet
→
greeting
live
→
living
save
→
saving
move
→
movement
amuse
→
amusement
entertain
→
entertainment
arrive
→
arrival
refuse
→
refusal
survive
→
survival
fail
→
failure
depart
→
departure
press
→
pressure
(3)
名词加后缀
-ese;
-ian;
-ist
，
表示
“??地方的人”
，
“
??地方的”
。
e.g.
China
→
Chinese
Japan
→
Japanese
Vietnam
→
Vietnamese
Australia
→
Australian
Canada
→
Canadian
music
→
musician
piano
→
pianist
violin
→
violinist
science
→
scientist
(4)
形容词加后缀
-ness;
-ism; -ist; -y; -(i)ty;
-th
变为名词。
e.g.
sick
→
sickness
foolish
→
foolishness
happy
→
happiness
加
-ism;
-ist
表示“??主义”“??主义者”。
material
→
materialism
natural
→
naturalism
material
→
materialist
natural
< br>→
naturalist
difficult
→
difficulty
honest
→
honesty
equal
→
equality
safe
→
safety
true
→
truth
dead
→
death
2.
动词后缀
-ify; -en; -ise (-ize)
(1)
形容词加后缀
-ify;
-en;
-ise
(-ize)<
/p>
变为动词，表示“使成为??”。
e.g.
simple
→
simplify
pure
→
purify
intense
→
intensify
quick
→
quicken
wide
→
widen
sharp
→
sharpen
dramatic
→
dramatize
modern
→
modernize
civil
→
civilize
(2)
名词加
-ify; -en;
-ise (-ize)
后缀变为动词，
表示“使成为??”
,
“变为??状态”。
e.g.
beauty
→
beautify
class
→
classify
sign
→
signify
length
→
lengthen
strength
→
strengthen
organ
→
organize
system
→
systemize
sympathy
→
sympathize
3.
形容词后缀
-able; -ible; -ful; -ous;
-ent; -ant; -y; -ly; -ive; -al;-an; -ern;
-ish; -some
(1)
动词加后缀
-able;
-ible; -ful; -ous; -ent; -ant; -y
变为形容词，
表示“可??的”，“能??的”。