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第一章
集合论、逻辑与算法基础
1.1
集合
set
(集合)
power
set
(幂)
complement of a
set
(补集)
roster
method
(枚举法)
universalset
set
(全集)
symmetric
difference
(对称差集)
set-builder
method
(集合构造方法)
Venn
diagrams
(文氏图)
ordered pair
(有序对)
subset
(子集)
union of sets
(并集)
Cartesian
product
(笛卡尔积)
superset
(父集)
intersection of
sets
(交集)
diagonal of a
set
(对角集)
proper
subset
(真子集)
disjoint
sets
(不相交集)
ordered n-tuples
(有序
n
元组)
equal sets
(相等集合)
index set
(索引集)
n-flod Cartesian product
(
n
次笛卡尔积)
empty
(
null
)
set
(空集)
set
difference
(差集)
bit string
(位串)
finite set
(有限集)
mutually
disjoint
(互不相交)
length
(长度)
infinite set
(无限集)
pairwise
disjoint
(互不相交)
singleton
set
(单体集合)
relative
complement
(相对补集)
1.2
数理逻辑
statement
(命题)
condition
(条件)
converse
(逆命题)
proposition
(命题)
<
/p>
biimplication
(双向蕴涵)
inverse
(反命题)
truth value
(真值)
biconditional
p>
(双向条件)
contrapositi
ve
(逆否命题)
negation
(非)
logical
connectives
(逻辑连接词)
statement
formula
(命题公式)
conjunction
(合取)
well-formed
formulas
(良态公式)
formula
(公式)
disjunction
(析取)
tautology
(重言式)
implication
(蕴涵)
<
/p>
contradiction
(矛盾式)
1.3
论证有效性
proof
(证明)
modus
tollens
(否定法)
disjunctive
addition
(析取加法)
argument
(论证)
disjunctive
syllogisms
(析取三段论)
conjunctive
addition
(合取加法)
conclusion
(结论)
hypothetical
syllogism
(假设三段论)
logically
valid
(逻辑有效)
premise
(前提)
dilemma
(二难推论)
modus
ponens
(断言法)
conjunctive simpli
fications
(合取简化)
1.4
量词与一阶逻辑
statement
logic
(命题逻辑)
predicate
(谓词)
domain
(域)
propositional
logic
(命题逻辑)
propositional
function
(命题函数)
free
vricable
(自由变量)
n-place predicate
(
n
位谓词)
bound
variable
(约束变量)
first-order
logic
(一阶逻辑)
universal
quantifier
(全称量词)
counterexample
(反例)
existential
quantifier
(
存在量词)
disproof
(反证)
1.5
证明方法
theorem
(定理)
indirect
proof
(间接证明)
proof
by contradiction
(反证法)
proof by direct
method
(直接证明方法)
direct
proof
(直接证明)
1.6
算法
algorithm
(算法)
two-way
selection
(双路选择)
list
(列表)
input
(输入)
if
two-dimensional
array
(
二维数组)
output
(输出)
then
read
precision
(精度)
else
print
uniqueness
(唯一性)
while
subproprams
(子程序)
finiteness
(有限性)
do
procedure
generality
(通用性)
for
function
assignment
operator
(赋值运算符)
begin
constant
polynomial
(
常量多项式)
assignment
statement
(赋值语句)
end
degree
(次数)
control
structures
(控制结构)
return
one-way
selection
(单路选择)
arrays
(数组)
第三章
关系与偏序集
3.1
关系与偏序集
binary relation
(二元关系)
directed graph
representation
(有向图表示)
digraph
(有向图)
relation
(关系)
vertex
(顶点)
adjacent to
(与
...
相邻)
R-related
(
R-
相关)
directed
edge
(有向边)
adjacent from
(从
..
.
相邻)
related
(相关)
directed
arc
(有向弧)
loop
(环)
empty relation
(空关系)
arrow diagram
(矢量图)
domain
(域)
universal
relation
(全称关系)
directed
graph
(有向图)
range
(值域)
image (
映像
)
equivalence class
(等价类)
transitive
closure
(传递闭包)
inverse
(逆)
R-class
< br>(
R-
类)
directed walk
(有向通路)
composition
(复合)
reflexive
(自反)
R-equivalence class
(
R-
等价类)
walk
(通路)
partition
(划分)
vertices of
the walk
(通路顶点)
transitive
(传递)
equivalence relation induced by the
partition
(划分推出的等价关系)
terminal vertex
(终止顶点)
equivalence relation
(等价关系)
internal
vertices
(内部顶点)
equality relation
(相等性关系)
reflexive
closure
(自反闭包)
path
(路径)
congruence modulo m
(模
m
同余)
symmetric
closure
(对称闭包)
3.2
偏序集
antisymmetric
(反对称)
lexicographic order
(词典序)
topological
ordering
(拓扑排序)
partial order
(偏序)
dictionary
order
(字典序)
upper
bound
(上界)
partially ordered set
(偏序集)
closed
(闭合)
poset
(偏序集)
least upper bound
(
lub
)
(最小上界)
covers
(覆盖)
lower bound
(下界)
dual
(序偶)
Hasse diagram
(哈赛图)
greatest
lower bound
(
glb
)
(最大下界)
comparable
(可比)
minimal element
(极小元)
lattice
(格)
linearly
ordered set
(线性有序集)
maximal element
(极大元)
distributive
(可分配性)
totally ordered set
(完全有序集)
greatest
element
(最大元)
complement
(补元)
chain
(链)
least element
(最小元)
Boolean algebra
(布尔代数)
product
partial order
(积偏序)
compatible
(兼容,相容)
第四章
矩阵与关系闭包
4.1
矩阵
matrix
(矩阵)
diagonal
matrix
(对角矩阵)
join
(并)
rectangular
array
(矩阵阵列)
identity
matrix
(单位矩阵)
Boolean meet
(布尔交)
element
(元素)
sum
(和)
meet
(交)
entry
(项)
difference
(差)
join of meet
expression
(相交表达式的并)
equal
(等于)
multiplication
(乘
法)
Boolean
product
(布尔积)
square
matrix
(方阵)
transpose
(转置)
product
(积)
zero matrix
(零矩阵)
symmetric
(对称)
diagonal
element
(对角元素)
Boolean join
(布尔并)
4.2
关系矩阵与闭包
matrix of a
relation
(关系矩阵)
Warshall
’
s algori
thm
(
Warshall
算法)
p>
第五章
函数
5.1
函数
function
(函数)
target
(目标)
onto
(满射)
well
defined
(合理定义)
range
(值域)
surjective
(满射)
single valued
(单值)
numeric
functions
(数字函数)
surjection
(满射)
image
(映像)
identity
function
(恒等函数)
one-to-one
correspondence
(一一映射)
preimage
(预映像,前射,前像,原像)
constant
function
(常数函数)
bijective
(双射)
mapped
(映射)
one-one
(单射函数)
bijection
(双射)
domain
(域)
injective
(内射)
composition
(复合)
codomain
(合域)
injection
(内射)
5.2
特殊函数与集合的基数
inverse
function
(逆函数)
images
(映像)
cardinality
(基数)
left
invertible
(左可逆)
direct
image
(直接映像)
equivalent
(等价)
left inverse
(左逆)
inverse
image
(逆映像)
equipotent
(幂等)
right
invertible
(右可逆)
floor
(下限)
countable
(可数)
right inverse
(右逆)
ceiling
(上限)
uncountable
(不可数)
restriction
(限制)
floor
function
(弱取整函数)
extension
(扩展)
ceiling
function
(强取整函数)
5.3
序列与字符串
sequence
(序列)
sum of the
terms
(项之和)
index<
/p>
(
索引)
nth term of the
sequence
(
序列第
n
项)
summation
symbol
(求和符号)
subscript
(下标)
finite
sequence
(有限序列)
string
(字符串)
infinite
sequence
(无限序列)
word
(字符)
integer
sequence
(整数序列)
dummy
variable
(哑变量)
alp
habet
(
字母表)
arithmetic progression
(
AP
)
(等差数列)<
/p>
lower
limit
(下限)
length
(长度)
first term
(首项)
upper limit
(上限)
empty
string
(空字符串)
common
difference
(公差)
general term
(通项)
empty word
(空串)
geometric progression
(
GP
)
(等比数列)
product of the
terms
(项之积)
concatenation
(接合)
common ratio
(公比)
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