-
英文合同常用词汇和句型
1
、
开场白(合同的当事人背景介绍)
2
、
过渡条款
Now
therefore,
in
consideration
of
the
premises
and
covenants
described
herein-after,
Party
A
and
Party
B
agree
as
follows:
参考译文:因此,双方基于各自提供之对价
订立本合同,并做如下约定:
注释和说明
:
”
in consideration of
premises and covenants
”
表示
“在当事人提供的对价基础上”
而非仅指<
/p>
“考虑到…”
。
读者应重点理解
“
premise
”这个词。在一般场合下它是
指与房屋相关的基础不动产或处所,
但是在英文合同里边它
却变
成了“前提条件”。
3
、
结尾条款:
IN WITNESS
WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this
Agreement to be executed by duly authorized
representatives
of both parties on the
date and year first written above.
参考译文
:本合同由被正当授权之人,于本协议于上述记载之日期代表双方当事人订立,特此证明。
注释和说明:
(
1
)“
in
witness whereof
”的含义类似于中文合同中常见的“口说无凭,立此为
证”。
(
2
)“
execute
”在英文合同中常解为“签署”,而非“执
行”。
4
、
favor,
“
in favor of
somebody
”
=
”
in
one
’
s
favor
”
的意思主要有两种:
以某人为受益人、有利于某人
5
、
subject to sth.
1)
遵从、遵守:
This letter of Credit is subject to the
Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary
Credits (1983 Revision), international
Chamber of commerce, Publication
No.400.
2)
根据(法律、法规、合同)
3)
作动词用,意思是“服从于…”,“率属于…”,“使经受…”
4)
办理、存在。
5
、
Without prejudice to
“在不损坏……”。
6
、
Any
person who does... shall
…表示任何做某人之人应。
7
、
For
the purpose of
“就……而言”。
8
、
Provided that
但是
9
、
Notwithstanding
“即使,表示一种让步”。
10
、
in question
“表示该”
11
、
including but
not limited to
“包括但不限于”
12
、常理解为“有权利做某事”
1
)
have the right to do
2
)
be
entitled to do
3
)
do sth. at one
’
s
option or/ and discretion
4
)
have the authority to do
13
、合同英语中“因为”的表达方法
1
)
owing to
2
)
attributable to
3
)
due
to
4
)
in view of
5
)
by
virtue of
14
、
notify sb. Of
sth. in writing:
书面通知某人某事
15
、
in lieu of:
替代
16
、关联企业:
1
)
affiliate:
广义上的具有法人人格的子公司,只要有参股关系即可,常翻译为“关联公司”
< br>
2
)
subsidiary:
狭义上的具有法人人格的子公司,一般须受母公司控股,常翻译为“子公司”
3
)
branch
p>
:一般指不具法人人格的分支机构,常翻译为“分公司”。
英文合同中常见的用词及句型
(Usual Wordings
and Sentence Patterns)
第一节
合同常用词
(Usual Wording)
当大量
接触英文合同,就会发现英文合同中有些词或短语出现的频率非常高,往往影响或决定了对合同的准确
理解,下面就分门别类从常见实词和常见虚词两个方面进行具体介绍:
一、英文合同常用虚词
(Usual Function
Words)
1.
Here/there/where+
< br>介词构成的古体词基本规则:
Here
代表
this
,
there
代表
that
,
where
代表
which
或
what<
/p>
即
here/there/where+
介词
=
介词
+this/that/w
hich or what
Hereby: by means of; by reason of
this.
特此,由此,兹等意。
Herein
:
in
this
。此中,于此。
Hereinafter:
later in the same Contract.
以下,在下文。通常与
to be
referred to as, referred as, called
连用。
Hereof
:
of this
。关于此点,在本文件中。
Hereunder
:
under this.
本文件规定。
Hereto
:
to this.
p>
本文件的。
Thereof
:
of that.
它的,其。
Thereto
:
to that
与之,向那里。
Herewith
:
with thi
s.
与此,附此。
Thereby
:<
/p>
by that
means.
因此,由此,从而
Thereafter:
after that
,
afterwards.
此后。
Therein: in that; in that
particular context; in that respect.
在那里
;
在那点上
;
在那方面。
Therewith
:
with th
at.
以此
;
此外。
< br>
Whereby: by the agreement; by the
following terms and conditions, etc.
凭此协议,凭此条款等。
2.
WITNESSETH,
Whereas,
Now
Therefore,
NOW
THESE
PRESENTS
WITNESS,
Know
All
Men
by
these
presents
,
In
witness Whereof, In Testimony Whereof,
SSETH, Whereas, Now
Therefore
用于英文合同前言部分,
In
witness Whereof
用于合同结尾证明部分,在第二章篇章结构特点中已有
涉及,恕不赘述。
In Testimony Whereof: in
Witness Whereof.
以此为证,特立此证。
NOW
THESE PRESENTS WITNESS:
兹特立约为据
,
本句话也是用于
p>
WHEREAS
条款之后引出具体协议事项。
KNOW ALL MEN by these presents:
< br>根据本文件,特此宣布。
(
通常用于前言部分
)
Undersigned:
法律文件末尾的签名者
,
前面加定冠词
the,
是指文件签署者的自称。
3. Notwithstanding: in
spite of, despite.
即使,尽管。
4.
As
合同英语中
as
出现的频率极高,而且用法灵活多变,是典型的
自由人。在某种意义上讲,
as
使用的熟练程度
可以衡量合同英语的造诣。
As
放在代表规定的
p>
provide
,
stipulate
p>
,
set forth
,
< br>prescribe
等词的过去分词前,含义为
“依照某
某规定”。
例
1
:
For
purpose of this, Capital Account shall be adjusted
hypothetically as provided for in Section 4.6
herein.
基于此,应依照本合同第四条第六款调整资金账户。
另有
Except as otherwise provid
ed
结构,表示“除非本文
/
某条款另
有规定”。
As
构成:
as the case
may be(
视具体情况而定
)
,<
/p>
as the case may require(
视具体要求
而定
)
和
as the Venturers may
determine
等短语。
As
构成
as of the
date of ____ (date)
短语是英语合同中表示“自某年某月某日起”最正式的表达。
As
还用在
as soon as
practical
短语中,意义用法相当于
as soon
as possible.
As
与
su
ch
连用是英文合同中一大特色,参看本书第二章第三节部分,在此不在赘述。
5.
foregoing,
aforesaid,
the
said,
aforementioned,
above-mentioned,
in
question
Foregoing,
aforesaid,
the
said,
aforementioned,
above-mentio
ned
一族,一般放在名词前作限定,意为“前述的”或“上述的”,为避免重复已经<
/p>
提到的或名称。
In question:
under consideration; being talk about.
通常表示
“在考虑或讨论中的”
某件事或某个问题,
可译为
“这”
或“该”问题。
6. follows, as below, the following
这一族都表示“下列”,一般放在动词后,而
the foll
owing
作为“下列”在英文合同中用的较少。这样的例子
俯
手皆是,恐怕每个英文合同都少不了的。
7. according
to, under, subject to, in accordance with, as per,
as provided in, pursuant to, in compliance with
这一族
都表示“依照,根据”合同的约定或者法律的规定。其中尤以“
according t
o
”最不正式,自然用的最少
了,而“
in accordance with
”最为常见。
8.
Including but not limited
to
与
including, without
limitation
以及
including by way
of illustration but not limitation
英文合同表达“包括但不限于”时,就会用到这几个短语。
9.
prior to, no later than, on or
before
,
on and
after
,
prior to, on or
before
,
no later than, on or
after
常用在英文合
同中限定日期,
prior to
表示
“某日之前,
提前多少日”
。
on or before, no(not)
later than,
表示
“不迟于”
,
On and
after
表示“从某日起”。
t prejudice to
Without prejudice to,
常用于英文合同中,表示在“不损害某规
定
/
情况下”。
utable to, due to, owing to, by virtue
of, in view of, because of, on account
of
,
considering, in
consideration of
这一组短语出现在英文合同中都表示“因为”,其中
due
to
,
owing
to
,
because
of
较不正式,很少使用。
二、英文合同常见实词
(Content Words)
1.
Represent, warrant, undertake, guarantee
在英文
合同中这几个词都表示“保证”的含义。
Represent
往往和
warrant
连用,出现在合同的声明保证部分:
p>
例如:
Under FOB terms, the
Seller shall undertake to load the contracted
goods on board the vessel nominated by the
Buyer on any date notified by the
Buyer, within the time of shipment as stipulated
in Clause 8 of this Contract.
根据离岸价格术语,卖方应保证根
据在本合同第八条规定的时限,按买方通知的日期,装
运货物至买方指定
船只。
2.
Principal place of business (principal office),
domicile, business premise, registered office
在英文
合同中,这几个词的意思分别是:“主营业地”、“住所地”、“营业场所”、“注册地”。往往出现
在前言的“
parties
”部分。
例如:
If franchisee is declared
in default of the agreement, the franchiser has
the right to conclude the terms of the
agreement
and
also
has
the
right,
without
notice
to
execute
any
dutiful
and
authorized
acts,
on
the
business
premise
necessary.
如被特
许方承认违约,许可方则有权终止该协议且有权未经通知在必要的营业场所采取任何尽责和授权行为。
例如:
The
Arbitration shall be conducted in the country of
the domicile of the defendant.
本仲裁应在被申请人住所地的国家进行。
3.
Chapter, article, section, clause, paragraph,
subparagraph
英文合同中的“章”、“条”、“款”、“项”
分别用
chapter,
article/section/clause, paragraph,
subparagraph
表示。
4. Have the
right to do, be entitled to, may do, reserve the
right to do, be (duly) authorized to do, have the
authority
to do, do sth at
one
’
s option or/and
discretion, be liberty to do
这一组短语是都表示“有权做”。
Be entitled
to
表示
to give sb. the right to
sth.(to sth.)
体现该权利法律上的强制
性。
p>
Reserve the right to
do
表示
to have a specified
power of right in
law
体现法律上规定的权利。
而
be
authorized to do,
have the authority to
do
指经授权而有的权利,至于
do sth. at
one
’
s option or/and discreti
on
则指行为人自主决定的
权利。
如:
The supervision personnel
appointed by Party A and its representative shall
have the authority to supervise the
progress of work and give instruction.
甲方任命的监管人员及其代表应有权监督工程进度并发出指令。
m,
fulfill, execute, implement
英文合同表示合同履行时经
常用到这几个词,
perform
表示
to do what one
party
is
obliged
to
do
by
a
contract
泛指双方履行合同的各项责任和义务,而
fulfill
表示
to
do
everything
which
is
promised in a contract
强调合同一方具体履行合同的义务。
Execute impleme
nt
表示则强调具体实施,
execute
也有签
约、生效的用法。
例如:
All disputes arising in
connection with
this
contract or in the execution thereof,
should be settled amicably
through
negotiations.
所有与合同或合同履行有关的争议,应通过友好协商解决。
by, observe, obey, comply with
这几个词在英文合同中都表示“遵
守,服从,”的意思。
Comply with
的主语通常是<
/p>
Sth.
而
observe
和
abide
by
则的主语通常是
Sb.
例如:
The
delivered
equipment
shall
be
installed
and
tested
by
Party
B
and
shall
fully
comply
with
the
technical
requirements and processing quality of
the contract.
所交付的设备应由乙方安装调试,应完全符合本合同的技术要求和工艺质量。
7. have the legal obligation to do, be
obliged/obligated to, shall do, be under the
obligation to do,be liable/responsible
to do, be liable/responsible for,
在英文
合同中这一组短语都表达“有责任、有义务”。
Shall do sth.
在第二章英文合同特点时,已经述及,在此
不再赘述。其他短语的用法,参
看下例:
例
1
:
The
Company has no legal obligation, absolute or
contingent, to any other Person to sell any
material portion of
the assets of the
Company, to sell any material portion of the
capital stock or other ownership interests of the
Company or
any
of
its
Subsidiaries,
or
to
effect
any
merger,
consolidation
or
other
reorganization
of
the
Company
or
any
of
its
Subsidiaries or to enter
into any agreement with respect thereto.
本公司
没有完全或随附的任何法律义务向任何他人出售公司资产的任何重要部分,
出售股本的任
何重要部分或
本公司或其任一子公司的其他所有权权益,或实现本公司或任一子公司的并
购、合并或其他的重组或签订有关以上
事项的协议。
8.<
/p>
在基础英语中,
effect
一般作名词
,指效果、影响,英文合同中如:
come
into
effect
表示生效,
sth.
in
effect
表示生效的法律文
件。除了这些基本用法外,
effect
还常用作动词表示“实
现”、“完成”的意思。
例如:
This contract
shall come into effect on the date when it is
signed by both parties.
本合同从双方签字之日起生效。
The
Buyer shall accept the bill of exchange
immediately upon the first presentation of the
bill of exchange and the
required
documents and shall effect the payment on the
maturity date of the bill of exchange.
汇票一经承兑交单,买方应在汇票到期时完成支付。
此外,当表达实际上,事实上的含义时,英文合同常用
in
effect,
而不是
in fact.
rpart, copy, duplicate, original
在英文合同中,
Counterpart,
copy,
duplicate,
original
都用作表示合同一式几份。
Counterpart,
copy
和
duplicate
指副本,而
original
指的是正本,而且
p>
duplicate
就有双重双份的意思,也常见
< br>in duplicate
的用法,与此类似的还有
in
triplicate(
一式三份
),
in
quadruplicate(
一式四份
)
,
in
< br>quintuplicate(
一式五份
)
,
in
sextuplicate
(
一式六份
)
,
in
septuplicate(
一式七份
p>
)
,
in octuplicate (<
/p>
一式八份
)
,
i
n nonuplicate (
一式九份
)
< br>,
in decuplicate (
一式十份
)
等等。
英文合同中
incur
指“招致,引起”,相当于基础英语中的
caus
e
。通常以过去分词
incurred
形式出现。
例如:
In case her
age exceeds 15 years, the extra average insurance
premium thus incurred shall be borne by the
Seller.
如果她的年龄超过
15
岁,则由买方承担因此产生的平均保险费以外的费用。
-wit
作为法律专用语,
to-
wit
的意思为“即”,相当于基础英语中的“
that is
to say(i.e.)
”。
on, approval,
examination
p>
英文合同表示审批、批准时,常常使用这几个词,
sanction
尤其专用于合同。
第三节
英语合同的常用句型
(Sentence Patterns)
一、
in
the
event
that(
短语为
in
the
event
of),
in
case(
短语为
in
case
of),
providing(that),
provided(that),
on
the
conditions that, if(if
and whenever), where, in so far as(insofar as),
should,
suppose/supposing(th
at)
在英文合同中,
以上
这些词常用
来引导条件从句表示“如果、假如”等情形,至于基础英语中常用的“
as long
as
”在英文合同非常鲜见。
如:
In
case part of or all know-how of the above-
mentioned technical contents have been published
by Party B or
Third Parties A obtains
evidence of such publication, then Party A shall
no longer be responsible for keeping
secret and
confidential the part already published.
如上述
专有技术的一部分或全部已由第三方公布,而甲方也掌握了已公布的证据,则甲方不再承担义务。
相关:
in no case, in no event,
in the case of
,
in any
case
等。
in no
case
和
in no
event
表示“决不”即无论怎样都不行。
例如:
Vessel over 20 years of
age shall in no event be acceptable to the Buyer.<
/p>
船龄超过
20
年的买方概不接受。
In the case of
就什么来说,关于,
in any case
无论如何
例如:
In the case
of dangerous and/or poisonous cargo (es), the
Seller is obliged to take care to ensure that the
nature and the generally adopted symbol
shall be marked conspicuously on each package.
关于危
险或有毒货物,卖方有义务照管确保其属性安全且应在每一包装上标注通常采用的标识。
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