-
Model 3
I. Define the following
terms, giving examples for illustration if it
is necessary.
ogy:
__________________________
2. Co-
occurrence: ______________________
3.
Lingua franca: _______________________
4. Language acquisition:
_________________
5. category:
________________________
6. Domain: ____________________________
7. Interlanguage:
_______________________
8.
Acculturation: _______________________
9. endocentric:
____________________________
transcription:__________________
II. Indicate the following
statements true or false.
1) . Print serves as a map of linguistic
structure,
readers use the clues to
morphological structure that are
embedded in
orthography in
reading the printed words.
2) .
Phonology is a branch of linguistics which studies
the sentence patterns of a language.
3).
The long vowels are all lax vowels, and the short
vowels are all tense vowels.
4).
Language is relatively stable and
systematic while
parole is subject to
personal and situational
constraints.
5).
It takes a baby about one year and half listening
to
its mother tongue before actually
producing meaningful words.
6). Modern
linguists regard the spoken language as
primary, not the written.
7). An
excessive use of euphemism may have negative
effect.
8). Language
determines the ways we perceive the
objective world.
9). Chomsky classifies conceptual
metaphors into
three categories:
ontological metaphors, structural metaphors and
orientational metaphors.
10). What essentially
distinguishes semantics and
pragmatics
is whether in the study of meaning the context of
use is
considered.
III. Fill in each of the
following blanks with one word which
begins with the letter given.
1
）
In addition to
the motor area which is responsible for
physical articulation of utterances,
three areas of the left
hemisphere are
vital to language: B _____ area, W_____ and
angular g_____.
2
）
Language
varieties other than the standard are called
v______.
3
）
Social d_____
are varieties of language used by
people belonging to particular classes.
4
）
Like sound and
morphological changes, syntactic
change
in English involves l_____, g _____ and
modification.
5
）
The history of
English lexical expansion is one that is
characterized with heavy b ____ and
word f _____.
6. Language is a system of arbitrary
vocal symbols
used for human c______.
7. One
general principle of linguistic analysis is the
primacy of s_____ over writing.
8. The idea of
Paul Grice is that in making conversation,
the participants must first of all be
willing to c______; otherwise it
would
be impossible for them to go on with the talk. The
general
principle is called the
C_____P____.
9.
The maxim of relation requires that what the
conversation participants say must be
r_____.
10. The
relationship between an embedded clause and
its matrix clause is one of a p____ to
a whole.
IV. Mark the
choice that would best complete the statement.
1.
Predication analysis
refers to the kind of analysis which
involves the breaking down of
predications into their constituents:
______ and predicate.
A. verb
B. subject
C. object
D.
arguments
2.
Language has at least seven basic functions:
phatic,
directive, informative,
interrogative, expressive, evocative, and
______.
A.
emotional
B.
communicative
C.
performative
D. interactive
3. Black
English is characterized by the following
Except_______.
A. omit auxiliary verb
B. drop the
final phoneme.
C. the double negation
construction
D.
absence of the copula
4.
Langue refers to the abstract 1inguistic system
shared by all
the members of a speech
community and _______ refers to
actualized language, or realization of
langue.
A. speech
B. parole
C. word
D. lexeme
5. Lin
guistic potential is
similar to Saussure’s ―langue‖ and
Chomsky’s ―_____‖.
A. performance
B. ability
C. competence
D.
structure
6. The vocal
______ are similar to strings such as
one on a
violin or a piano.
A. strings
B. bands
C. cords
D. sounds
7. Through the ______ of La-La sound,
Engla-land came to be
pronounced
England.
A. elaboration
B.
simplification
C.
assimilation
D. internal
borrowing
8. The
word ― zoo‖
was formed in the way of ______.
A. shortening
B.
clipping
C.
abbreviation
D. blending
9. By ______, we refer to word forms
which differ from each
other only by
one sound, e. g.,
A. complementary distribution
B. minimal pair
C. free variation
D. adjacency pair
l0. Jacob
Grimm’s great contribution to historical
linguistics is
his discovery of___.
A. the
Great Vowel Shift
Indo-European
languages
C. the sound shift
D. the Universal
grammar
l1. Morphologically the______ is the
smallest unit that cannot
be further
divided.
A. phoneme
B. morpheme
C.
lexeme
D. sememe
12.
Which of the following sounds is a voiced
affricate?
A. [ j ]
B. [ t ]
C. [ z ]
D. [ ? ]
l3. _____ is the study of the rules
governing the ways words,
word groups
and phrases are combined to form sentences in
language.
A. Structure
B. Syntax
C. Grammar
D.
Linguistics
14. ______ construction is just the
opposite of endocentric
construction.
A.
Extralinguistic
B.
Exocentric
B.
Internal
D. External
l5. Traditional grammarians began with
____ definition of the
sentence and its
components.
A. prescriptive
B. descriptive
C.
notional
D. structural
l6. The
semantic components of the word _____ are + Human,
+Adult, +male, - Married.
A. husband
B. man
C. bachelor
D.
widow
17. Dutch,
English, Flemish, German, etc. are usually
considered as West Germanic _______
Languages.