-
（英语）高考必刷题英语阅读理解题及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1
．
阅读理解
While your pet fish may appear to
be unaware of your presence, chances are that it
knows you
extremely well and can
probably even identify you from a crowd of human
faces!
To
test
if
this
was
accurate,
some
scientists
decided
to
study
archerfish
（喷水鱼）
.
These
animals
don't
have
a
sophisticated
（复杂的）
bra
in
that
is
necessary
to
recognize
the
slight
differences between
human facial features.
They began by presenting four archerfish with
images of two human faces. Initially, the fish
spit
at both. However, they soon
learned spitting water at the one selected by the
researchers earned
them a food treat.
After that, they focused primarily on that image.
The researchers then took
the
experiment one step further by introducing 44
other human faces to the mix.
To the researcher's astonishment,
the trained archerfish were able to recall the
learned image
almost
81%
of
the
time.
And
this
accuracy
improved
to
86%
when
the
researchers
made
the
identification even
harder, by replacing the colored photos with a set
of black and white images
and hiding
the shape of the head.
The results of the study suggest that though
having tiny brains, archerfish may have developed
high visual discrimination abilities.
While it is contrary to the previous theory that a
sophisticated
brain is necessary to
recognize human faces, the researchers believe
they do not recognize faces
by
recalling complex facial information like gender
and identity, but more likely by discriminating
between detailed
patterns.
Even so, the fact that these archerfish could
“remember” those faces
demonstrates
that they have an impressive memory for details
that lasts much longer than the
originally-thought 3
seconds!
This is not the
first time researchers hav
e realized
how “smart” fish are. Previous studies have
shown that fish can recognize those
fish they have “socialized” with previously, and
even recall
complex three-dimensional
maps of their surroundings.
（
1
）
What is the
purpose of the study?
A. To describe archerfish are easy to
teach.
B. To tell people
archerfish like to be rewarded.
C. To prove archerfish can recognize
human faces.
D. To show
archerfish can easily develop a
habit.
（
2
）
Why
did the researchers use black and white images?
A. They could get these
images easily.
B.
Archerfish got tired of color images.
C. They
wanted
to
make
the
task
more
difficult.
D. These
images
wouldn't
get
ruined
by
water.
（
3
）
What conclusion did
researchers draw in the study?
A. Archerfish have a
3-second memory.
B.
Archerfish could distinguish detailed
patterns.
C. Archerfish have
a special form of communication.
D. Archerfish could remember complex
facial information.
< br>（
4
）
What can we
infer from the text?
A. Fish are social animals.
B. Fish are as clever as
humans.
C. Fish are able to
tell different shapes. D. The results
shocked the researchers.
【答案
】
（
1
）
C<
/p>
（
2
）
C
（
3
）
B
（
4
）
D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，介绍了科学家对喷水鱼做的实验，实验表明鱼也很
“
聪明
”
，它们没有复杂的大脑但是却有辨认面孔的能力。
(1)
考查细节理解。根据第一段做的
“While
your
pet
fish
may
appear
to
be
unaware
of
your
presence,
chances are that it knows you extremely well and
can probably even identify you from
a
crowd of human
faces!”
和第二段做的
“To test if
this was accurate, some scientists decided to
study archerfish(
喷水鱼
< br>).”
可知这项研究的目的是证明喷水鱼可以认出人脸，故选
C
。
(2)
考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段做的
“And
this
accuracy
improved
to
86%
when
the
researchers made the
identification even harder, by replacing the
colored photos with a set of
black and
white images and hiding the shape of the head.”
可知研究人员使用黑白图像是为了
增加这项任务的难度，故选
C
。
(3)
考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段做的
“Even
so,
the
fact
that
these
archerfish
could
‘remember’ those faces
demonst
rates that they have an
impressive memory for details that lasts
much longer than the originally-
thought 3 seconds!”
可推知喷水鱼可以辨
别精细的图案，故选
B
。
(4)
考查细节理解。根据第四段做的
“To
the
researcher's
astonishment,
the
trained
archerfish were able
to recall the learned image almost
81%
of the time.”
可知研究结果令研究
人员非常吃惊
，故选
D
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需
要准确捕捉细节信息，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。
2
．
阅读理解
In India, most of the
women wear a red dot between their eyebrows. While
it is generally taken
as an indicator
of their marital(
婚姻的
)status,
the practice is primarily related to the Hindu(
印度
教的
)religion. The
dot goes by different names in different Hindi
dialects, and “bindi
that is most
commonly known. Traditionally, the dot carries no
gender restriction Men as well as
women
wear it. However, the tradition of men wearing it
has faded in recent times, so nowadays
we see a lot more women than men
wearing one.
The
position
of
the
bindi
is
standard
center
of
the
forehead,
close
to
the
eyebrows.
It
represents a third, or inner eye. Hindu
tradition holds that all people have three eyes
The two
outer
ones
are
used
for
seeing
the
outside
world,
and
the
third
one
is
there
to
focus
inward
toward God. As such, the dot means
piety(
虔诚
)and serves as a
constant reminder to keep God in
the
front of a believer's thou ghts.
Red is the traditional color of the
dot. It is said that in ancient times a man would
place a drop
of blood between his
wife's eyes to seal their marriage. According to
Hindu beliefs, the color red
is
believed to bring good fortune to the married
couple. Today, people go with different
colors
depending upon their
preferences. Women often wear dots that match the
color of their clothes.
Decorative of
sticker bindis come in all sizes, colors and
variations, and can be worn by young and
old,
married
and
unmarried
people
alike.
Wearing
a
bindi
has
become
more
of
a
fashion
statement than a
religious custom.
（
1
）
Why
did people in India start wearing a red dot on
their forehead?
stress their family background.
indicate their social rank.
show their religious
belief.
display their
financial status.
（
2
）
What is the function of
the third eye in Hindu tradition?
help the other eyes see
better.
look to the
distance.
see the outside
world.
pay respect to
God.
（
3
）
Why
was red chosen as the original color of the bindi?
word
was believed to be a lucky color for
husband and wife.
red dot
represented the blood of God.
stood for a wife's love for her
husband.
（
4
）
Which of the following statements
is true about bindis today?
are now used to make people look
better.
are worn anywhere
on the face now.
Indian
women do not wear bindis anymore.
men than women wear bindis in
India.
【答案】
（
1
）
C
（
2
）
D
（
3
）
B
（
4
）
A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，大多数印度女人的眉毛中间都戴着红点，这种做法
主要与印度教有关，它代表的是第三
只眼，可以时时提醒信徒要尊敬上帝。现在眉心红点
更多的是作为装饰品使用。
（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的
“In India, most of
the women wear a red dot between
their
eyebrows. While it is generally taken as an
indicator of their
marital
（婚姻的）
status, the
practice is primarily related to the Hi
ndu
（印度教的）
religion.”
在印度，大多数女性的眉毛上
都有一个红点。虽然这通常被认为是他们婚姻状况的一
个指标，但这种做法主要与印度教
有关。可知这种做法主要与印度教有关，所以印度人前
额戴红点是展示他们的宗教信仰。
故选
C
。
（
2
）考查细节理解。根据第二段可知，印度传统上认为人有第三只眼。以及
“As such
，
the
dot serves as a constant reminder to
keep God inthe front of a believer's thoughts
．
”
因此，点作
为一个持
续的提醒，以保持神在信徒的思想面前。所以第三眼在印度教传统中的重要性是
要尊重上
帝。故选
D
。
（
3
）考查
细节理解。根据第三段中的
“According to Hindu
beliefs
，
the color red is
believed to
bring good fortune to the
married couple
．
”
可
知，根据印度教的信仰，红色被认为能为已婚
的夫妇带来好运。故选
B
。
（
4
）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的
“Decorative
or
sticker
bindis
come
in
all
sizes
，
colorsand
variations
，
and
can
be
worn
by
young
and
old
，
married
and
unmarried
people
alike
．
Wearinga
bindi has become more of a fashion statement than
a religious custom.”
装饰物
或贴纸贴
纸有各种尺寸、颜色和变化，年轻人和老年人、已婚人士和未婚人士都可以佩
戴。佩戴宾
蒂帽与其说是一种宗教习俗，不如说是一种时尚宣言。可知，眉心红点现在更
多的被用作
装饰品。故选
A
．
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，
是一篇文化类阅读，考生需
要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出
正确答案。
3
．
阅读理解
Delhi has been the
centre of a succession of mighty empires and
powerful kingdoms in India.
Numerous
ruins scattered throughout the territory offer a
constant reminder of the area's history,
which makes the city always be a
fascinating place for tourists.
With the development of the city
and more and more people moving, the city has
expanded
several times in size. That is
why it is called New Delhi. New Delhi, a city with
a population of over
20
million
people,
has
its
newest
problem:
never
before
has
this
city
met
with
the
worst
air
problem.
Air
pollution in Indians capital surged to its worst
levels in years, covering the city in a thick
smog that has become an annual public-
health emergency despite government vows to solve
the
problem.
Hundreds
of
flights
were
diverted,
delayed
and
canceled
over
the
weekend
due
to
poor
visibility,
schools
and
offices
were
closed
Monday
and
officials
rushed
to
take
emergency
measures
to
try
to
reverse
the
eroding
air
quality.
Millions
of
antipollution
masks
were
distributed at schools, colleges,
hospitals and markets.
New
Delhi,
is
engulfed
each
year
as
the
weather
cools
and
a
thick
haze
builds
up
from
the
pollutants emitted from
cars and coal-based power plants, swirling dust
from construction sites
and roads and
smoke from crop stubble burning in neighboring
states. Fireworks and firecrackers
to
celebrate the Hindu festival of Diwali then
arrives, leaving Delhi the world's most polluted
city.
The
city's
air
quality
index,
which
measures
a
mix
of
dangerous
pollutants,
registered
an
average score of 494
Sunday. That is the highest 24-hour average since
Nov. 6, 2016, when it hit
497,
according to data measured by the Central
Pollution Control Board.
（
1
）
Which of the
following is NOT true?
is one of the most important festivals
in India.
government did
little to protect its citizens against the serious
pollution.
a serious air
pollution in New Delhi appears on a regular
basis.
index of the recent
air pollution is not the worst in the
history.
（
2
）
Who
may not complain about the serious air pollution?
parents whose children
have to stay at home.
pilots whose planes have been diverted or
delayed.
manufacturers who
produce antipollution masks.
officials who have to work out of
their offices.
（
3
）
Which of the following
phrases can replace the underlined word in
paragraph 5?
out.
up.
in.
on.
（
4
）
The
title of the passage should be .
ms Caused by the
Development of New Delhi
ous
Pollution Envelops New Delhi
llution Masks Are in Great Need in New
Delhi
s in the Neighboring
States are to Blame for Burning Crop
Stubble
【答案】
（
1
）
B
（
2
）
< br>C
（
3
）
A
（
4
）
B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，随着城市的发展和越来越多的人口流动，城市规模
的扩大，印度的新德里成为世界上污
染最严重的城市。虽然政府发誓解决污染问题，但由
于污染严重，整个新德里处于危险的
污染中，人们必须戴防污口罩，冬天天气寒冷污染物
成雾霾，成为世界是污染最严重的城
市。
（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第三段
“Air
pollution
in
Indians
capital
surged
to
its
worst
levels
in
years,
covering
the
city
in
a
thick
smog
that
has
become
an
annual
public-
health
emergency
despite
government
vows
to
solve
the
problem.”
印度首都的空气污染飙升至多年来最严重的
水平，笼罩着这座城市的浓雾已成为年度公共卫生紧急事件，尽管政府誓言要解决这个问
题；第五段
“New Delhi, is engulfed
each year as the weather cools and a thick haze
builds up
from the pollutants emitted
from cars and coal-based power plants, swirling
dust ..., leaving Delhi
the
world's
most
pollu
ted
city.” <
/p>
新德里每年都会被污染吞没，随着天气变冷，汽车和以煤为
基础的
发电厂排放的污染物、建筑工地和道路上飘动的灰尘，以及邻国农作物秸秆燃烧产
生的烟
雾，都会形成浓雾。庆祝印度排灯节的烟花爆竹随后到达，使德里现在成为世界上
污染最
严重的城市；以及第四段中的
“Millions
of
antipollution
masks
were
distributed
at
schools,
colleges,
hospitals
and
markets.”
在学校
、学院、医院和市场上分发了数以百万计的
防污口罩。可知，政府尽管发誓解决这种污染
，但情况不仅没有改变，反而更加严重，使
得人们必须佩戴防毒口罩。由此可判断出政府
几乎没有保护其公民免受严重污染。故选
B
。
< br>
（
2
）考查推理判断。根据第四段
“Hundreds
of
flights
were
diverted,
delayed
and
canceled
over
the
weekend
due
to
poor
visibility,
schools
and
offices
were
closed
Monday
and
officials
rushed
to
take
emergency
measures
to
try
to
reverse
the
eroding
air
quality.
Millions
of
antipollution masks were
distributed at schools, colleges, hospitals and
markets.”
周末期间，由
于能见度低，数百架航班被
迫改道、延误和取消，学校和办公室周一关闭，官员们紧急采
取措施，试图扭转不断恶化
的空气质量。学校、大学、医院和市场分发了数百万个防污染
口罩。由此可知，由于污染
严重，学校、大学、医院和市场分发了数百万个防污染口罩。
所以生产防污染口罩的厂家
要加大生产
，是不会抱怨的，故选
C
。
（
3
）考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的
“Ne
w Delhi, is engulfed each year as the weather
cools
and a thick haze builds up from
the pollutants emitted from cars and coal-based
power plants,
swirling
dust
from
construction
sites
and
roads
and
smoke
from
crop
stubble
burning
in
neighboring
states.”
< br>本句是说新德里每年都笼罩在污染中。因为天气变冷，从汽车和以煤为
基础的发电
厂
“emitted”
的污染物形成了厚厚的雾霾。根据常识可
知，汽车和用煤发电的发
电厂会
“
排放
或释放
”
污染物的。由此可判断
“em
itted”
是排放的意思。故选
A
。
（
4
）考查主旨大意。本文叙述了随着城市的发展和越来越多的人口流动，城市规模的扩
大，印度的新德里成为世界上污染最严重的城市。虽然政府发誓解决污染问题，但周末的
能见度低，数百架航班在周末改道、延误和取消，学校和办公室周一关闭，人们必须戴防
污口罩，可知，新德里被严重的污染所笼罩。故选
B
。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理
判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是环保类阅读，
考生需要根据上下文的逻辑
关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4
．
阅读理解
When
Andrew
Kaplan
recalls,
his
stories
leave
the
impression
that
he
has
managed
to
pack
multiple
lives
into
a
single existence:
A
war reporter
in
his
20s.
an
army
member,
a
successful
businessman and-
later. the author of numerous spy novels and
Hollywood scripts.
Now
the silver haired 78-year old has realized he
would like his loved ones to have access to
those
stories,
even
when
he
is
no
longer
alive
to
share
them.
Kaplan
has
agreed
to
become
thousands of
years
If all goes
according to plan future generations will be able
to interact with him
using voice
computing platforms of mobile devices,
asking him questions, letting him tell stories and
drawing
upon a lifetime's worth of
advice long after his physical body is
gone.
Someday, Kaplan,
who playfully refers to himself as a pig, may be
remembered as one of the
world's first
digital humans.
For
decades, Silicon Valley futurists have sought to
free humanity from the life cycle. Today, a
new generation of companies is selling
some approximation(
近似
) of
virtual immortality, which
gives people
the opportunity to preserve one's
legacy(
遗产
) online
forever.
Kaplan is eager
to become one of the world's first virtual
residents, partly because he considers
the effort a way to extend closed
family bonds over multiple generations.
If technology succeeds in creating
emotionally intelligent digital humans, experts
say, it may
forever change the way
living people cooperate with computers and
experience loss.
may
become
one
of
the
world's
first:
meaningful
examples,
raising
complex
philosophical
questions
about the nature of immortality and the purpose of
existence itself.
（
1
）
What is the purpose of
the first paragraph?
highlight Kaplan's
achievements.
introduce the
topic- -AndyBot.
arouse
readers interest in Kaplan.
introduce Kaplan's life.
（
2
）
Why
did Andrew Kaplan agree to become AndyBot?
wanted to share his life
experience as long as possible.
wanted to make his loved one remember
him.
believed this action
will help with his novels.
could live in the cloud to continue his
life.
（
3
）
What might the AndyBot do for future
generations?
may use voice computing platforms.
may use a new body to go on
living.
may offer some
guidance.
may ask them
questions.
（
4
）
What can we infer from the last
paragraph?
ophical problems can be worked out by
modern science.
can talk
with their late family members freely.
ists have made great progress in
computer science.
is still
a long way for digital humans to go.
【答案】
（
1
）
B
（<
/p>
2
）
A
（
3
）
C
（
4
）
D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，介绍了科技新动态
----
数字人。
（
1
）考查
推理判断。根据第一段可知，当安德鲁
·
卡普兰回忆往昔的时候
，他的故事让人
感觉他活出了各种各样的人生：
20
多岁的时候是战地记者，还是一名军人，一位成功的商
人，随后又是很多间
谍小说和好莱坞剧本的作者。主要介绍安德鲁
·
卡普兰丰富多彩
的人
生；在根据第二段中的
“Now the silver
haired 78
-year old has realized he
would like his loved
ones to have
access to those stories, even when he is no longer
alive to share them. Kaplan has
agreed
to become “AndyBot”
---
a
virtual person who will be”
现在这位花白头发的
78
岁的老人
想要他爱的人知道这些故事，甚
至当他去世之后还可以分享这些故事。
Kaplan
同意变成数
字人
，可知，第一段的内容主要是引
出下文中文章的话题数字人。故选
B
。
（
2
）考查
细节理解。根据第二段中的
“Now
the
silver
haired
78
-year
old
has
realized
he
would like his loved ones to have
access to those stories, even when he is no longer
alive to share
them. Kaplan has agreed
to become ‘AndyBot’...a virtual person who will be
”
现在这位花白头发
的
78
岁的老人想要他爱的人知道这些故事，甚至当他去世之后还可以分享这些故事。
Kaplan
同意变成数字人，可知，卡普兰同意变成数字人是为了能更长时间的分
享自己的这
些故事。故选
A
。
（
3
）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的
“If all goes
according to plan. future generations will be
able
to
interact
with
him
using
voice
computing
platforms
of
mobile
devices,
asking
him
questions,
letting
him
tell
stories
and
drawing
upon
a
lifetime's
worth
of
advice
long
after
his
physical body is gone. ”
如果一切
按计划进行，后代可以通过移动端的语音平台和他交流，即
使他的肉体不存在后，还可以
问他问题，让他讲故事以及咨询他一生经验的宝贵建议。可
知卡普兰成为
“
数字人
”
后，他的后代仍能
得到他一生经验的宝贵建议。故选
C
。
（
4
）考查
推理判断。根据最后一段中的
“If
technology
succeeds
in
creating
emotionally
intelligent
digital
humans,
experts
say,
it
may
forever
change
the
way
living
people
cooperate
with computers and experience loss.”
可知，专家们说，如果科技成功地创造出高情商的数字
人类，它可能会
永远改变人类与电脑交互的方式，以及处理失去亲人创伤的方式，即目前
的数字人类还无
法拥有高情商，还是不够完美的，因此数字人技术还有很长的路要走。故
选
D
。
< br>【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需
< br>要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
5
．
阅读理解
Since 2013, Torobo, a robotic arm
designed to test the limits of artificial
intelligence, has had
one
ambition
—
to be admitted to
the University of Tokyo. However, it has
repeatedly failed. This
year was no
exception.
In
early
November
Torobo
took
an
exam
to
prepare
for
an
all-
important
standardized
test.
While
Torobo's
total
score
of
525
out
of
950
was
14
points
higher
than
in
2015
，
its
standard
score of 57.1% was
slightly lower, because human students did better
in the 2016 test.
Though
the
score
，
which
is
higher
than
the
national
average,
is
enough
to
get
the
robot
admitted to many other famous Japanese
universities,
it falls short
of the minimum required for the University of
Tokyo.
A
closer
analysis
of
the
results
showed
that
Torobo's
newly
programmed
ability
to
solve
complex
physics problems helped increase its
year-over-year physics score from 46.
5% to 59%. The robot also dug deep into its
database of
information from textbooks
and websites to obtain
an
impressive 66.3% in world history. The average 60%
scores acquired in the two math sections,
were not too shabby either.
But
，
while
Torobo is able to handle knowledge-based questions
and ones involving complex
mathematical
calculations,
it
has
a
hard
time
thinking
independently.
As
a
result,
the
robot
is
unable
to
fully
understand
multiple
sentences
and
phrases
to
arrive
at
the
logical
conclusions
required in the
English language tests. This weakness was
reflected in the weak oral and writing
scores, which came in at 36.2% and
50.5%, respectively.
Fortunately, after four tiring years, the robot's
creators have decided to free Torobo from its
annual test-taking suffering, the
research team will instead focus on improving the
robot's ability
to
pick
out
specific
answers
from
massive
sets
of
data
—
a
skill
that
led
to
its
excellent
history
scores. They believe
the expertise(
专业技术）
will
help Torobo succeed as an industrial robot.
（
1
）
What is the disadvantage of Torobo?
A. It has much difficulty
searching for facts. B. It doesn't own
language skills.
C. It has
weak independent thinking ability. D. It
couldn't get through the exams.
（
2
）
What does
the underlined word “it” in the third paragraph
refer to?
A. the
score B. Torobo C. the
University of Tokyo D. the national
average
（
3
）
What did the exam results show?
A. Torobo's score didn't
reach the national average.
B. Torobo's programmed ability improved
its math score.
C. Torobo
was admitted to a university.
D. Torobo did well in the history
exam.
（
4
）
What is the text mainly about?
A. Subjects a robot are
good at. B. A robot's
performances in exams.
C.
Majors that are suitable for a robot.
D. A robot's ways to deal with exams.
<
/p>
【答案】
（
1
）
C
（
2
）
A
（
3
）
D
（
4
）
B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，主要介绍了一款用来测试人工智能极限的机器人在
考试中的表现和它的弊端。
（
1
）
C <
/p>
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的前两句内容可知，
Torob
o
的缺点是不擅长独立
思考，不能理解复杂的句子。故选
C.
（
2
）
A
词义猜测题。根据上半句
“Though the
score
，
…, is enough to get
the robot admitted to
many other famous
Japanese
universities,”
可知，前半句从句的主语
the
score
就是主句的主语
it
所代指
的。故选
A.
（
3
）
D <
/p>
细节理解题。根据第四段各个学科得分的比较以及最后一段可知，
Torobo
的历史成
绩非常好。故选
D.
（
4
）
B <
/p>
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了参加考试的机器人在各个学科方面的
不同表现。故选
B.
【点评】本文是一篇关于介绍机器人的说明性阅读理解。主要以细节理解题为主，抓住关
键词，理解文章主旨。其中第二题比较有难度，需要排除其它选项。主旨题看前面一，二
段一般可以透漏出端倪。
6
．
阅读理解
Norman Garmezy, a development
psychologist at the University of Minnesota, met
thousands
of children in his four
decades of research. A nine-year-old boy in
particular stuck with him. He
has an
alcoholic mother and an absent father. But each
day he would walk in to school with a
smile on his face. He wanted to make
sure that
know his mother's
incompetence.” The boy exhibited a quality Garmezy
identified as “resilience”.
Resilience
presents
a
challenge
for
psychologists.
People
who
are
lucky
enough
to
never
experience any sort of adversity
(
逆境
) won't know how
resilient they are. It's only when they're
faced
with
obstacles,
stress,
and
other
environmental
threats
that
resilience,
or
the
lack
of
it,
comes out.
Some give in and some conquer.
Garmezy's work opened the door to
the study of the elements that could enable an
individual's
success despite the
challenges they faced. His research indicated that
some elements had to do
with luck, but
quite large set of elements was psychological, and
had to do with how the children
responded
t
o
the
environment.
The
resilient
children
had
what
psychologists
call
an
“internal
lens
of
control(
内控点
)”.
They
believed
that
they,
and
not
their
circumstances,
affected
their
achievements. The
resilient children saw themselves as the arrangers
of their own fates.
Ceorge
Bonanno
has
been
studying
resilience
for
years
at
Columbia
University's
Teachers
College.
He
found
that
some
people
are
far
better
than
others
at
dealing
with
adversity.
This
difference might come from
perception(
认知
) whether they
think of an event as
traumatic(
创伤
),
or
as an opportunity to learn and grow. “Stressful”
or “traumatic” events themselves don't have
much predictive power when it comes to
life outcomes.
does
not
predict
later
functioning,
”
Bonanno
said.
only
predictive
if
there's
a
negative
response.”
In
other
words,
living
through
adversity
doesn't
guarantee
that
you'll
suffer
going
forward.
The good news is that positive
perception can be taught.
easily
hurt
by
how
we
think
about
things,
Bonanno
said.
In
research
at
Columbia,
the
neuroscientist
Kevin
Ochsner
has
shown
that
teaching people
to
think
of
adversity
in
different
ways--to reframe
it in positive terms when the initial response is
negative, or in a less emotional
way
when the initial response is emotionally
“hot”
---changes how they experience and
react to
the adversity.
（
1
）
Accordi
ng to the passage, resilience is an individual's
ability________.
A. to think critically
B. to decide one's own fate
C. to live a better life
D. to recover from adversity
（
2
）
What does the
underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. The psychologists
B. The resilient children
C. Positive elements
D. Internal locus of control
（
3
）
Acc
ording to Paragraph 4, we can learn
that____________.
A. your
positive
perception
may
turn
adversity
around
B. stressful
events
are
more
predictive than delightful
events
C. experiencing
adversity
predicts
that
you
will
go
on
suffering
D. a
negative
response
doesn't guarantee
you will suffer all the time
（
4
）
What is the
author's purpose of writing this passage?
A. To teach people how to
be resilient
B. To
encourage people to live through
adversity
C. To indicate
people's perception varies from each other
D. To compare different research
findings about resilience
【答案】
（
1
）
D
（<
/p>
2
）
B
（
3
）
A
（
4
）
A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇介绍说明
类文章。文章介绍了一种品质：韧性（
resilience
）
。
文章介绍了什么是韧性，韧性的作用，如何培养韧性等内容。
（
1
）推理判断题。由第二段中的
“People who are lucky enough to never
experience any sort
of adversity
(
逆境
) won't know how
resilient they are. It's only when they're faced
with obstacles,
stress, and other
environmental threats that resilience, or the lack
of it, comes out. Some give in
and
some
conquer”
可知，那
些没有经历过逆境的人不会知道自己有多大的韧性。只有当他
们面对障碍，压力等逆境时
，他们才能知道自己的韧性有多大。有的人向逆境屈服，有的
人成功度过了逆境。由此可
知，那些成功度过逆境的人属于非常有韧性的人。韧性应该指
克服逆境的能力。故答案选
D
。
（
2
）词义猜测题。由第三段中的
“The
resilient
children
had
what
psychologists
call
an
“internal lens of
control(
内控点
)”. They believed
that they, and not their circumstances, affected
their achievements. The resilient
children saw
themselves as the
arrangers of their own fates.”
可
< br>知，那些有韧性的孩子拥有所谓的
“
内控点
”
。他们认为他们影响了自己的成就，而不是他
们所
处的环境影响了他们的成就。这些有韧性的孩子将自己看作是自己命运的主宰者。由
此可
知，
they
指的就是
the
resilient children
。故答案选
B
。
（
3
）推理判断题。由第四段中的
“He
found
that
some
people
are
far
better
than
others
at
dealing with adversity. This difference
might come from
perception(
认知
) whether they
think of
an event as
traumatic(
创伤
), or as an
opportunity to learn and grow.”
可知，一些人比另
一些人
更擅长处理逆境。这种差别来自他们的认知。如果他们将逆境当做是学习和成长的
机会，
对此做出积极的反应，那么，他们就能很好的处理逆境。反之，如果他们做出消极
的反
应，那么，他们就不能很好的来处理逆境。由此可以推知，积极的认知可以改变逆境
，使
情况朝着好的方向发展。故答案选
A
。
（
4
）
写作意图题。文章第一段以例子提出
“resilience”
这个话题。第二段解释了什么是
resilience
，第三和
第四段以
Garmezy
的研究说明，当面对逆境的时候，韧性
可以帮助我们
扭转逆境，关键在于要有积极的认知。第五段强调，积极的认知是可以学习
的。故这篇文
章的写作意图就是告诉读者如何使自己有韧性：用积极的态度去对待逆境。
故答案选
A
。
【点评】阅读理解写作意图、态度解题技巧：根据文体类别推断写作目的（
1
）写作目的
（
to
entertain
readers
）常见于故事类的文章。（
2
）写作目的（
to
persuade
readers
）常见
于广告类的文章。在这样的文章中，作者或是要推销一种产品﹑一种服务
（
to sell a product
or
a
service
），或是要通过对
旅游景点﹑报刊杂志﹑影片﹑电视节目等的介绍来达到他的
写作目的：吸引更多的游客﹑
读者或订户﹑观众等（
to
attract
more
visitors
/
readers
/
audienc
e
）（
3
）写作目的（
to
inform
readers
）多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会
类的文章，了解这类文章的写作目
的有赖于对文章主题的正确把握，阅读时有必要找准文
章的主题句，或较好地对主题加以
归纳。
7
．
阅读理解
Do you have a spare room in your
house? What about a driveway for your car? Both of
these
can help you make money. Many
people who are feeling the pinch are taking
advantage of what's
been called the
“sharing economy”.
Perhaps
the
best-
known
example
of
a
company
in
this
field
is
Airbnb---an
American
web
business which allows
you to rent out your spare room to holidaymakers.
It says it operates in
34,000 cities
and it has over 1,500,000 seems to have concerned
the market!
A British
company is doing something with parking spaces.
JustPark's founder, Anthony Eskinazi,
says,“When I had the original idea,
Ispotted a driveway close to a sports stadium. It
would have
been
so
convenient
if
I
could
have
just
parked
in
that
driveway
rather
than
in
commercial
car
park.” And he has a big
clientele
（客户）
:around 20,000
people have advertised their spaces on
the site, and he says around half a
million drivers use it. There are other sites
doing very similar
things,
like
Uber
and
Lyft---these
let
drivers
share
their
cars
with
other
passengers.
Any
driver
knows
how
valuable
a
place
to
park
is
.A
church
near
Kings
Cross
in
central
London
has
apparently made over
?200,000 by renting out space in its yard to
travelers!
Because this
is a new business world, those rules aren't there
yet and many people are happy
to
share...as long as it pays!
But the sharing economy has its critics: the
competitors of these new companies. People who
run things like traditional B&B,
commercial car parks and taxi services are afraid
of ending up out
of pocket. And there
is another issue: regulations on these new
business are unclear. How will
renting
out your driveway affect your neighbor?
（
1
）
Wha
t do
es the underlined phrase “feeling
the pinch” probably mean?
A. Lacking in money
B. Full of curiosity
C. Willing to help others
D. Unsatisfied with their
life
（
2
）
Who
may be against the sharing economy?
A. A taxi driver who can't
find a parking place B. A priest in the
church near Kings Cross
C. A
traveller who needs accomodiation
D. A well-known high-end holiday
hotel
（
3
）
Why
are many people pleased to share according to
paragraph 4?
A.
They can gain huge profits
B. They needn't pay any fee
C. There are few rules to limit them
D. The new business has no risks
（
4
）
Which of
the following words can best describe the booming
business?
A.
Creative and developed
B. Competitive but
unpractical
C. Effective and
worrying
D. Traditional and
acceptable
【答案】
（<
/p>
1
）
A
（
2
）
D
（
3
）
C
（
4
）
C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一片应用文
，介绍了一些能够获益的方法与例子．文中通过几个
例子告诉我们只要能够用心观察每一
处的机会，你就会成功从中获益。
（
1
）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的
“Both
of
these
can
help
you
make
money”
推出
feeling
the pinch
指的是那些缺钱的人出租自己的东西来获取
利润。故选
A
。
（
2
）考查细节理解。在第二和第三段举了很多出租自己物
品的例子，如：出租车司机，教
堂里的牧师，旅行者。一家住房率很高的知名酒店肯定不
需要共享。故选
D
。
（
3
）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段
“Because
this
is
a
new
business
world
，
those
rules
aren't there yet and
many people are happy to share-
as long
as it pays!”
这句话告诉我们这种共
享经济由于是
新事物而且没有规则约束，受到很多人的欢迎。故选
C
。
（
4
）考查推理判
断。文章介绍里一种出租自己闲置物品的赚钱途径即共享经济，可以带来
利益，但在最后
一段中的
“regulations on these new
businesses are unclear”
对这个新行业的规
< br>则还不明确。所以确定答案为
Effective but worrying<
/p>
。故选
C
。
<
/p>
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅<
/p>
读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
8
．
阅读理解
A
12-year-old
with
end
stage
cancer,
the
child's
parents
had
recently
moved
her
from
the
hospital to her home in
the suburbs of Los Angeles. Some days later the
girl's breath quickened,
and her father
phoned the family's hospice nurse. Please come, he
said.
The nurse knew the
visit would require more than four hours of her
time: a two-hour drive in
each
direction, plus her time with the girl. Why don't
we connect over FaceTime, she asked. The
father agreed, and they
connected.
The nurse
asked the father to move his daughter gently to
her side, then to her back, to lift the
child's shirt. The nurse would ask:
What do you see, what concerns you, and the father
would
explain. In this fashion the pair
examined the girl --- the nurse on her computer,
the father his
iPad. Together they
decided that the nurse's presence was not
necessary, that the child had more
time.
Later,
the father reported feeling comforted by the
nurse. He appreciated her availability, the
fact that she could see what he saw,
and their ability to discuss it in real
time.
Telemedicine has
become a trend in America. Some hospitals have
gone so far as to specially
design
telemedicine clinics. The room is staged like an
office but with better lighting. There's a
nice
desk
for
the
clinician
to
sit
behind,
a
computer
situated
stage
left,
and
books
in
the
background.
A
physician
taking
a
video
call
from
home
might
wear
a
pair
of
headphones,
equipped with a mic --- to ensure
whatever the patient says isn't broadcast to
anyone off-camera.
However, there is something more than the
technology bit. According to David, the head of
the
telemedicine
pilot
the
girl's
family
had
been
part
of,
there
are
some
people
who
are
great
in
person and you put them on camera
they're a dead fish. “Some physicians are camera
shy. For
others, the physical isolation
can actually help them be more
empat
hetic.” He adds.
“My experience is that,
once you get past some initial hurdles, you can
maintain an intimate,
immediate
connection with patients that in some cases may be
more useful than even in-person
interactions,” David says.
（
1
）
Why
did the nurse suggesting connecting via FaceTime?
A. Because she was not
allowed to leave her clinic. B. Because
she had to take care of other
patients
in the clinic.
C. Because it
took too much time on her way to patient's home.
D. Because the father didn't
pay for
her fare of transportation.
（
2
）
How
did the father think of the telemedicine service?
A. He doubted the quality
of the service. B. He thought highly of
the service.
C. He insisted
the service be improved. D. He challenged
the authority of the nurse.
（
3
）
What do we
know about the rooms for telemedicine?
A. Better air conditioners
are provided for a comfortable environment.
B. Mics are equipped
to protect privacy
of patients.
C. Professional
books are in place for immediate consultation.
D. The room with a computer
is situated
in the doctor's home.
（
4
）
What challenges may
clinicians face in telemedicine?
A. They are afraid of being
isolated from patients. B. They could not
examine the patients
carefully.
C.
They
are
required
to
deal
with
in-person
interactions.
D. They
may
not
feel
quite
themselves in front of a
camera.
【答案】
（
1
）
C
（
2
）
B
< br>
（
3
）
B
（
4
）
D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，介绍了远程医疗已经成为美国的一种趋势．有些医
院甚至专门设计了远程医疗诊所。<
/p>
（
1
）考查细
节理解。根据第二段中的
“The nurse knew the visit
would require more than four
hours of
her time: a two-hour drive in each direction, plus
her time with the girl. Why don't we
connect over FaceTime, she asked.”
可知，护士建议通过视频通话是因为需要太多的时间她才
能到达病人的家。
故选
C
。
（
2
）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的
“
He appreciated her availability, the fact that she
could
see what he saw, and their
ability to discuss it in real time.”
可知，
这位父亲感激这位护士的帮
助，感激护士可以看到他看见的并和他进行实时讨论，因此推
断这位父亲高度赞扬这样的
服务。故选
B
。
（
3
）
考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的
“equipped
with
a
mic
---
to
ensure
whatever
the
patient says isn't broadcast to anyone
off-
camera.”
可知，远程治疗室配备了麦克风确保
病人的
隐私。故选
B
。
（
4
）考查推理判断。根据
倒数第二段中的
“…there are some people who are
great in person
and you put them on
camera they're a dead fish. “Some physicians are
camera shy. For
others,
the
physical isolation can actually help them be more
empathetic.” He adds.
可知，一些内科医
生在镜头面前是害羞的。因此推断在远程诊疗时，医生在镜头面前会感到不舒服。故选
D
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解
和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇医学类阅读，考生需
要准确掌握细节信息，根据上下
文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
9
．
阅读理解
International Volunteering
in New Zealand
If you're
visiting New Zealand and would like to volunteer,
DOC (Department of Concentration)
welcomes you to get
involved.
Before you
come to New Zealand
You
do not need a work visa to volunteer with DOC. You
ran volunteer on entry to New Zealand
as long as you do not receive payment
or benefits.
You may
need a police certificate
Depending
on
the
volunteer work
you
do
with
us,
you
may
be
required
to
provide
a
police
certificate to DOC. Your police
certificate would need to be written and certified
in English. It's
easier for you if you
get a police certificate before you leave your
country.
How to get a
new police certificate if you're already in New
Zealand. (Click here)
International students
Volunteering
with
DOS
is
an
option
to
gain
experience.
However,
DOC
does
not
offer
opportunities to
students who study at:
universities outside New Zealand, or other
education providers outside New
Zealand.
Insurance
For
all
volunteers
with
DOC,
we
strongly
advise
you
gel
comprehensive
(
综合的
)
travel
insurance and
unlimited medical cover. DOC does not accept
responsibility for any:
personal medical or accident events.
loss
or
damage
to
personal
items
of
equipment,
or
other
associated
costs
while
you're
volunteering with
DOC.
（
1
）
What may you offer to DOC if you want
to volunteer as a foreigner in New Zealand?
A.A work visa.
B.A police certificate
C.A university diploma.
D.A driver license.
（
2
）
Who
cannot volunteer with DOC in New Zealand?
American official who is
travelling in New Zealand.
B.A Chinese businessman with some
volunteering experiences.
C.A Chinese exchange student in the
University of Auckland in New Zealand.
English college student who has just
been visiting his uncle in New Zealand for a few
days.
（
3
）
Where is this passage probably from?
A.A story book.
B.A newspaper.
C.A website.
D.A
travel guide book.
【答案】
（
1
）
B
（<
/p>
2
）
D
（
3
）
C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文
，是新西兰的
DOC
部门发布的一则招募志愿者的公
告。
（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的
“Depend
ing on the volunteer work you do with us, you
m
ay be required to provide a
police certificate to DOC.”
可知，根据志愿者所从事的
工作，志愿
者可能需要向
DOC
提供警
察开具的证明。即如果你想在新西兰以外国人的身份从事志愿者
活动，你可以向
DOC
提供警察开具的证明。故选
B
。
（
2
）考查推理判断。根据
International
students
部分中的
“However,
DOC
does
not
offer
opportunities
to
students
who
study
at
universities
outside
New
Zealand,
or
other
education
providers outside New Zealand.”DOC
不会为在新西兰以外的大学及其他教育机构学习的学生
提供做志愿者的机会
。可知，一位来到新西兰叔叔家做客几天的英国大学生不能在新西兰
参与
DOC
的志愿者活动。故选
D
。
（
3<
/p>
）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的
“If
you're
visiting
New
Zealand
and
would
like
to
volunteer, DOC (Department of
Co
ncentration) welcomes you to get invo
lved.”
可知，这是新西
兰的
DO
C
部门发布的一则招募志愿者的公告；在根据
You may
need a police certificate
部分
中
的
“How to get a new police certificate
if you're already in New Zealand. (Click
here)”
可
知，如
果你已经在新西兰，请点击这里了解如何获得新的警察证明。由此可知，这则公告发布在
了一个网站上。故选
C
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，
是一则公告，考生需要准确
掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答
案。
10
．
阅读理解
The
setting was a packed gymnasium just before the
start of a game against another school.
There
were
five
girls
who
were
members
of
the
Danville
High
School
basketball
team
—
all
of
them starters. They were
not in uniform to play that night and would not be
on the team for the
rest of this
season. They were there to admit their breaking of
team rules. They were there to
support
their coach's decision to take them off the team.
They were there to let the town know
there was a problem in their little
community that needed to be addressed. And they
did it with
sincere regret rather than
defensiveness.
While the
school had been out for the New Year's holiday,
the five girls had gone to the party
with several of their friends. There
was alcohol there. And they all drank
some.
Coach Rainville
has a zero tolerance rule on drugs and alcohol for
her members though it was a
hard
decision
to
make.
When
classes
resumed
and
accounts
of
holiday
parties
were
shared,
rumors about the five girls began
closing in on them. The coach said she couldn't
back down on
her rules. And the
players
—
two junior students
and three senior
students
—
agreed. That night
in
the gym was part of their public
support of the coach's decision.
“We hope you will
understand that we are not bad kids. What we did
was definitely not worth
it. We hope
this event will make everyone realize that there
is a big drug and alcohol problem in
our community,” one of the senior
students
said, “And if you work with us
to try
to solve this
problem, you will help us feel that we
have not been thrown off our basketball team for
nothing.”
The five left the floor to
deafening applause.
The
team may not win another game this year. But
they've learnt something about personal
responsibility,
the
effect
of
one's
action
on
others,
and
honesty
that
will
serve
them
well
throughout
life.
（
1
）
It
can be inferred from the passage that the five
girls who were kicked off the team were
________.
A. very good players on the team
B. addicted to alcohol and
drugs
C. three
junior
students
and
two
senior
students
D. scolded
by
their
parents
for
drinking
alcohol
（
< br>2
）
What did the girls do
to support their coach's decision?
A. They didn't fight for
Danville High School any more.
B. They all gave speeches to apologize
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