-
过去分词的规则变化和不规则变化
构成规则
构成
主语
+
have/has+
动词的过去分词
(done)
1
.
规则动词:
规则动词
的过去分词的构成规则与规
则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则:
(1)
、一般动词,在词尾直接加“
ed
”
。
(
然而要注
意的是,过去分词并不是过去式)
work---worked---worked,visit---visited
---visited
(2)
、以不发音的“
e
”结尾的动词,只在词尾加
“
d
”
。
live---lived
(3)
、以“辅音字母
+
y
”结尾的动词,将
变
为
,再加“
ed
”
。
study---studied---studied,cry---cried
---cried,
(4)
、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个
辅音字母,先
双写该辅音字母,再加“
ed
”
。
stop---stopped---stopped,drop---
dropped
—
drop
ped
2.
过去分词不规则变化表
一、
A
—
A
—
A
型,
即
原形
、
过去式
和过去分词三
者
都相同。(共
9
个)
cost
—
cost
—
cost cut
—
cut
—
cut hit
—
hit
—
hit hurt
—
hurt
—
hurt let<
/p>
—
let
—
le
t put
—
put
—
put
read
—
read
—
read(read
的原形和过去式
、
过去
[1]
分词
读音
不同
) set-set-
set shut-shut-shut
二、
A
—
B
—
B
< br>型,即过去式、过去分词相同。
(共
41
个)
1
.过去式和过去分词都含有
-ou
ght
。(
4
个)
bring
—
brought<
/p>
—
brought
buy
—
bought
—
boug
ht
think
—
thought<
/p>
—
thought fight-fought-fought
2
.词尾有
-ild
< br>,
-end
时,只需把
d
变为
t
。(
4
个)
build
—
built
—
built lend<
/p>
—
lent
—
lent send
—
sent
—
p>
sent spend
—
spent
—
spent
3
.
过去式
、过去分词都含有
-aug
ht
。(
2
个)
catch
—
caught
—
caught
teach
—
taught
—
taugh
t
4
.把
-eep
< br>、
-eel
变为
-ept
、
-elt
。(
3<
/p>
个)
keep
—
kept
—
kept sleep<
/p>
—
slept
—
slept sweep
—
swept
—
swept
5
.把
-ell
变为
-o
ld
。(
2
个)
tell
—
told
—
told sell
—
s
old
—
sold
6
.把
-ell
、
-ill
p>
变为
-elt
或
-
ilt
。(
4
个)
smell
—
smelt
—
smelt spell
—
spelt
—
spelt
f
eel
—
felt
—
< br> felt spill
—
spilt
< br>—
spilt
7
.把
-eed
、
-ead
、
-eet
变
为
-ed
或
-et
。(
4
个)
feed-fed-fed lead-led-led speed-sped-
sped
meet-met-met
8
.过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加
t
。
< br>(
3
个)
learn
—
learnt
—
p>
learnt mean
—
meant
p>
—
meant
spoil
—
spoilt
—
spoil
t
9
.过去式、过去分词词尾去
y<
/p>
变
-id
(
4<
/p>
个)
say
—
said
—
said pay
—
paid
—
paid
lay
—
laid
—
< br>laid hear
—
heard
—
heard
< br>10
.改变
元音字母
。(
11
个)
meet
—
met
—
m
et feed-fed-fed get
—
got
—
got
sit
—
p>
sat
—
sat find
—
found
—
found
hold
—
held
—
held spit
—
spat
—
spat shine
—
shon
e
—
shone win
—
won
—
won hang
—
hung
—
hung
dig
—
dug
—
dug
lose
—
lost
—
lost<
/p>
11
.改变
辅音字母
。(
4
个)
make
—
< br>made
—
made build-built-
built
send-sent-sent spend-spent-spent
12
.改变元、
辅音字母
。(
4
个)
leave
—
left
—<
/p>
left stand
—
stood
p>
—
stood have
(
has
)—
had
—
had understand
—
understood
—
unde
rstood
三、
A
—
B
—
C
型,
即
原形
、
过去式
、过去分词都不
相同。(共
37
个)
1
.
i
—
a
—
u
变化。(
7
个)
begin
—
began
—
begun drink
—
< br>drank
—
drunk
sing
—
sang
—
sung ring
—
p>
rang
—
rung swim
—
swam
—
swum
sink
—
sank
—
sunk spring-sprang-
sprung
2
.词尾为
-ow
p>
,
-aw
时,过去式将其变为
-ew
,过
去分词在其原形后加
n
。(
5
个)
blow
—
blew
—
blown draw
—
drew
—
drawn
grow
—
grew
—
grown know
p>
—
knew
—
kn
own throw
—
threw
—<
/p>
thrown
(
show
除外)
3
.词尾为“
i+
辅(
1
个)
p>
+e
”,过去式将
i
变为
o
,过去分词多在原形后加
n<
/p>
,若那个辅音字母为
d
或
t
,须双写
d
或
t
后加
n
。(
4
个)(
give
,
hide
除外)
d
rive
—
drove
—
driven write
—
wrote
—
written
ride
—
rode
—
ridden rise
—
rose
—
risen
4
.过去分词在过去式后加
n
。(
1
个)
wake
—
woke
—
woken
5
.过去分词由过去式加
-ten
构成。(
2
个)<
/p>
get-got-gotten forget
—
forgot
—
forgo
tten
6
.过去分词由原形加(
e
)
n
构成。(
6
个)
be
—
was
(
were
< br>)—
been eat
—
ate
—
eaten fall
—
fell
—
fallen give
—
gave
—
given
see
—
saw
—
seen hide
—
hid
—<
/p>
hidden
(
hid
< br>)
7
.
词尾为
-ake
时,
过去式将其变为
-ook
,
过去分
词在原形词后加
-n
。(
2
个)
take
—<
/p>
took
—
taken mistake
—
mistook
—
< br>mistaken
8
.原形、过去式和过去分词都不相
同。(
6
个)
do
—
did
—
done fly
—
flew
—<
/p>
flown go
—
went
—
gone lie
—
l
ay
—
lain show
—
showed
—
shown wear
—
wore
—
worn
9
.
词尾为
-
eak
时,
过去式将其变为
-oke<
/p>
,
过去分
词在原形词后加
-n
。(
2
个)
break
—
broke
—
broken speak
—
spoke
—
spoken
10
.词中间为“
oo+
辅(
1
个)
+e
”
或“
ee+
辅(
1
个)
+e
”,过去式将
oo
、
ee
变为
o
,过去分词在原
形词后加
-n
。(
2
个)
choose
—
chose
—
chosen
freeze
—
froze
—
frozen
四、
A
—
A
< br>—
B
型,即过去式和原形相同。(
1
个)
beat
< br>—
beat
—
beaten <
/p>
五、
A
—
B
p>
—
A
型,
即过去分
词和原形相同。
(
3
个)
1.
词中间为“
o+
p>
辅(
1
个)
+e<
/p>
”时,过去式将
o
变为
< br>a
。(
2
个)
< br>
come
—
came
—
come become
—
< br>became
—
become
2.u
—
a
—
u
变化。(
1
个)
run
—
ran
—
run
六、
情态动词
型,
(
除
must
外
)
只有原形和
过去式
,
没有
过去分词
。(
4
个)
< br>
can
—
could
may
—
might
will
—
would
shall
—
should must
既没有
过去式
也没有过去分词
动词
原形
过去式
过去分词
arise arose
arisen
awake awoke/awaked awoken
be was/were been
bear bore b
orne(
携带
)/born(
出生<
/p>
)
beat beat beaten
become became become
begin
began begun
befall befell befallen
bend bent bent
bet bet bet
bind bound bound
bite bit
bitten/bit
bleed bled bled
blend blended blent
bless
blessed blest
blow blew blown
break broke broken
breed
bred bred
bring brought brought
broadcast broadcast/broadcasted
broadcast/broadcasted
build
built built
burn burnt/burned
burnt/burned