现在分词和过去分词-考研英语语法的“拐点”

语法重点突破——分词

考研英语语法的“拐点”

现在分词和过去分词

一、作定语

分词短语作从句，相当于 从句。换句话说，分词短语可以被看做从句“简化”而来的。

现

在

分

词

短

语

分词短语（作后置定语）

（定语）从句

Do

you

know

the

boy

standing

at

the

Do

you

know

the

boy

who

is

standing

at

the

door?

door?

A developing country needs aids.

They lived in a house facing the south

The man wearing a red tie is our head.

A country that/which is developing needs aids.

They lived in a house that faced the south.

The man who wears a red tie is our head.

The

workers

working

in

the

factory

are

The workers who are working in the factory are

well-paid.

well-paid.

过

去

分

词

短

语

The

window

broken

yesterday

was

The

window

that/which

was

broken

yesterday

repaired this morning

was repaired this morning

The hamburgers sold in this chain are not

The

hamburgers

that/which

are

sold

in

this

to

my taste.

chain are not to my taste.

The shoes made in a small factory are of

The shoes that were made in a small factory are

bad quality.

of bad quality.

The

tie

worn

by

our

head

is

made

in

The

tie

that

is

worn

by

our

head

is

made

in

Shanghai.

Shanghai.

二、作状语

1

、分词短语作状语，实际把状语从句简化。

简化的条件：分 词短语的逻辑主语一定要与主句的主语保持一致。

现

在

分

词

短

语

分词短语

（状语）从句

Reading

the

book,

he

nodded

from

While he was reading the book, he nodded

time to time.

from time to time.

Being shy, he didn’t come to the

Because

he

was

shy,

he

didn’t

come

to

the

party.

party.

过

Written in simple English, the book

As

the

book

is

written

in

simple

English,

去

is easy to read.

the book is easy to read.

分

词

短

语

1

2

、分词作状语时可分为以下几种形式：

（务必掌握）

* doing

：

用来表示主动，且前后动作同时进行。

Returning home later, my friend learned that the police had been to the flat.

* having done:

用来表示主动

,

< br>且动作发生在主句之前。

Having seen the film before, I decided not to see it again.

* being done:

用来表示被动

< br>,

且前后动作同时进行。

Being questioned by the police, he felt frightened.

* done:

用来表示被动且完成

Destroyed in the storm, the house will be rebuilt.

* having been done:

用来表示被动，而且强调动作持续

一段时间或次数。

Having been defeated three times, he had to give up.

*

否定形式：

not/ never +

分词结构

Not studying hard, he didn

’

t pass the test.

Never having taken a plane before, he was nervous.

< br>3

、分词作状语如果前后主语一致可简化时间、条件、原因、结果和伴随等状语从 句。

(

条件

)

If you work harder, you will do better in the exam next time.

---- Working hard, you will do better in the exam next time.

（时间）

After I did my homework, I went back home.

----Having done my homework, I went back home.

(

伴随）

He hurried to the station and hoped to catch the last train.

---- He hurried to the station, hoping to catch the last train.

。

(

原因

)

Because my friend was frightened of losing his job, he said nothing to the

police.

----Frightened of losing his job, my friend said nothing to the police.

(

结果

)

His parents were killed in the SARS epidemic and left him an orphan.

---- His parents were killed in the SARS epidemic, leaving him an orphan.

注意：

分词不做目的状语，只有动词不定式可以。

To get high marks in the mid-exam, he cheated.

To

be

listed

on

the

top

of

500

largest

enterprises

in

the

world,

a

company

should

meet the following requirements.

Not to forget the key points, he wrote them down.

Exercises:

1. The plane crashed and killed 120 lives.

--The plane crashed, killing120 lives.

2. I suffered a headache yesterda

y, so I wasn’t in a good mood.

--

Suffering from a headache yesterday, I wasn’t in a good mood.

2