-
abide [V] + by
accept or obey something
遵从；遵守：
We have to abide by the rules.
过去式：
abided
sb can
’
t abide
sb/sth
cannot tolerate a
person or idea
不能容忍：
I
can
’
t abide the thought of
living so near to his family.
旧时含义：
to live with
居住
过去式：
abode
abode [N]
a dwelling, and is used in the legal
phrase for someone who is homeless
住所：
A
person of no fixed abode.
常用于正式语境下，有时为幽默表达：
My humble abode
寒舍
更为中性的替代词有：
residence, house,
address
ability [N]
the skill and human power
to do something
能力；本领；技能：
He is a negotiator of
immense ability.
capacity
[N]
1. the ability to
produce something, or to have a talent for doing
something when referring to
skill
能力；才能
区别在于
ability
指后天所学的，而
capacity
指先天具有的：
His ability as a negotiator was helped
by his capacity for remembering faces.
2. the maximum amount that can be
produced by a machine
产量；生产力：
This photocopier has the capacity to
print fifty pages a minute.
abnormal [ADJ]
something that differs from what is
considered normal
不正常的；反常的：
Many consider that global
warming has resulted in abnormal weather
conditions.
subnormal [ADJ]
something below what is
considered normal
比正常少的；低于正常的：
Many winters had subnormal
temperatures.
abolish [V]
to end or destroy customs,
practices and institutions completely
废除；取消：
Slavery was abolished by law in the
19th century.
extinguish
[V]
to put out a fire
熄灭：
Three weeks of heavy rain extinguished
the forest fires.
the
figurative meaning of to destroy
“破灭”的形象说法：
When the talks broke down, all hope of
peace was extinguished.
形容词
-extinct
名词
-extinction
Refer specifically to an animal or
plant which no longer exists
特指动物或植物的灭绝
abstract
[N] a
summary of a report or paper usually in about 250
words
摘要（通常在
250
字以
内）
[ADJ]
existing in thought or just as an idea
抽象的，理论上的：
Enough abstract thought: give me one
concrete example.
a
direction in art and artistic expression
抽象派的
[V] to take away, or remove a part from
a larger entity
抽取，提取，使分离：
The hydropower scheme meant
abstracting millions of litres of water from the
river.
作名词与形容词时，重读第一个音节；作动词
时，重读第二个音节
abstractedly [ADV]
deep in thought and not paying
attention to what is going on
心不在焉地，出神地：
He walked right past me, gazing
abstractedly at the sky.
abuse [N,V]
poor
treatment or violent and improper use of something
虐待；滥用；妄用：
He was imprisoned after being found
guilty of repeated child abuse.
alcohol abuse
过度饮酒
作名词时，
abuse
与
juice<
/p>
押韵；作动词时与
news
押韵
misuse [N,V]
the use of something
dishonestly, or for a purpose that it was not
designed for
错用；误用；
滥用：
Using that expensive
Burgundy to make a gravy is a clear case of
alcohol misuse.
作名词时，
misuse
与
juice
押韵；作动词时与
news
押韵
academic
[ADJ] matters associated with
university education
学术的：
Academic standards
something that is without
practical application and of no immediate
relevance
纯理论的；空
谈的：
We have already won the
overall competition, so the score of this match is
academic.
[N] a teacher or
researcher in higher education
大学教师
scholarly [ADJ]
serious academic study
学术性的：
His theories have been printed in a
scholarly paper.
used for a
person who is studious, learned or engaged in
university research
勤奋好学的；有
学术造诣的
scholar [N]
A learned person, teacher or researcher
in the classics, arts, and humanities, or other
non-scientific disciplines
有学问的人；学者：
She was a distinguished Latin scholar.
the holder of a scholarship
奖学金获得者
A Rhodes Scholar
accept [V]
1. to
receive something
接受：
He was pleased to accept
the award from the Design Council
2. to agree to something willingly
同意：
After twenty years the director
accepted the need to modernize the company.
except
[PREP] not including, or omitting
something
除……之外：
Except for the teacher the rest of the
villagers were illiterate.
[V] to leave out
把……排除在外
access [N & V]
1. entry or admittance
进入；进入权：
There is no right of access for the
public.
2. to open a
computer file
取得；获取（计算机数据）：
She double-clicked and
accessed the file.
3. to
reach or enter something
到达；进入
形容词
-accessible:
The Open University has made university
education accessible to the general public.
excess [N & ADJ]
something more than is
permitted or desirable
过多，过量：
He had 20 kilos of excess baggage.
形容词
-excessive:
Excessive drinking is very
bad for your health.
accident [N]
an
unintentional incident that results in damage or
injury
事故；意外事件：
There was another serious accident on
that road last night.
by
accident
the same as
‘
accidentally
’
or
‘
unintentio
nally
’
偶然地；意外地：
I took the wrong coat home by accident.
mishap [N]
an unlucky accident
不幸；小事故：
Delivery was delayed by a minor mishap
in our factory.
mishap
用来指不是很严重的事故
disaster [N]
a sudden event or serious accident that
results in great damage or loss of life
灾难；灾祸：
The train crash was one of many such
disasters in India.
catastrophe [N]
an event that results in widespread and
often sudden damage or suffering
灾难；大祸；严重
的不幸：
The earthquake was a
catastrophe for the whole nation.
accommodation [N]
a room or building where someone can
live or stay
住处：
Student accommodation in town is always
hard to find at the beginning of term.
不可数名词，注意双写’
c
’和’
m
’
[formal term] a settlement, agreement
or compromise
【正式】和解；协议：
The two sides came to an
accommodation.
在英式英语中，
accommodation
仅为单数形式
accommodations [N]
accommodation
的复数形式，仅在美式英语中使用：
The cost of overnight
accommodations is included in the price of the
ticket.
achieve [V]
to reach an objective or
standard, especially over a period of time
实现；取得；达到（尤指经
过了一段时间）：
He was delighted to have
achieved his ambition of becoming a rock star.
名词
-achievement
accomplish [V]
the same as
‘
achi
eve
’
, but has an additional
sense of successfully completing something
成
功完成；成功实现：
They safely accomplished
the task of freeing the soldiers.
形容词
-accomplished
describes a person who does something
with great skill
熟练的；才华高的；有造诣的：
She is an accomplished pianist.
名词
-accomplishment
attain [V]
to reach a certain standard, and is the
word to use when comparison or measurement is
involved
达到某标准（用于涉及比较或大小尺寸）：
She attained the highest
grades in her final exams.
名词
-attainment
不那么正式的替代词有
get
acid [ADJ]
sharp
in taste and tone
酸的；酸味的；尖酸刻薄的：
The stand-up comedian had an acid sense
of humour.
acid test
a crucial trial
决定性的考验：
The acid test is whether the software
will actually work.
acrid
[ADJ]
unpleasantly bitter
in taste or smell
辛辣的；刺激性的：
The acrid smell came from
the burning building.
acrid
parting
an angry and bitter
departure
愤愤不平地离开
acknowledge [V]
1. to confirm that something has been
received
确认收到：
The company sent me a letter
acknowledging my complaint.
2. to recognize or accept a truth
承认（某事实）：
She has never acknowledged her
responsibility in this matter.
3.
‘
acknowledge
’
is used in formal
contexts to mean to thank
（正式）感谢：
I acknowledge the financial support
from the Research Council.
名词
-acknowledgement
(acknowledgment)
acknowledgements
a section of a book or report in which
the author lists or thanks those who have made a
contribution
致谢
admit [V]
1. to accept responsibility
承担责任：
I admit that your complaint is
justified.
2. to enter or
allow access
允许进入：
This ticket admits one.
acoustic [ADJ]
refers to hearing, sound, or the
science of sound
声音的；听觉的
acoustic image; acoustic
nerve; acoustic guitar
形容词
-acoustical
acoustical measurement; acoustical
shadow
美式英语中，
aco
ustical
与
acoustic
同
义
acoustics [N]
1. the science of sound,
when, like other academic subjects ending in -ics,
it always takes a
singular verb
声学（谓语动词常用单数形式）
Acoustics is a challenging field.
2. the acoustic properties
of a room or a building and takes a plural verb
（房间或建筑的）传
声效果，音响效果（谓语动词用复数形式）
The acoustics in
the Greek amphitheatre are perfect.
across [PREP & ADV]
1. from one side to the other
从一边到另一边
We swam across the river.
2.
‘
across
’
can either express
movement or position
既可表动作也可表地点
The plane took us across the Alps.
The pub is just across the
street.
across the board
a situation or change that
affects all levels (
形势或改变
)
影响全局
The savings made by the company will
bring improvements across the board.
above [PREP & ADV]
1. at a higher level than something
else without touching it
在……上（不接触）
We are now above the Alps.
‘
above
’
stresses the distance or height
强调距离或高度
The plane was just above the trees.
2. higher than a rate or a
norm
高于（某比率或某标准）
She is well above average in
mathematics.
over [PREP &
ADV]
1. the same as
‘
above
’
, when
used to describe a position that is at a higher
level
在……上
（不接触）
We are now over the Alps.
2. higher than a specified
figure
高于（某一具体数额）
Everyone over 45 will
benefit from the new legislation.
3. covering the surface of something
盖在……上面
There was a thick layer of snow over
the hills.
4. from one side
to the other, in a similar way to
‘
across
’
从一边到另一边
We walked over the field.
act [N &V]
1. as
a noun, is usually something which is carried out
once, often a deed such as a criminal
act
（一次性）的行动，如犯罪行动
The explosion was incorrectly described
as an act of terrorism.
act
of god
a natural disaster
is often called by western insurance companies.
自然灾害（西方保险公司的说
法）
2. in the legal sense ,an
‘
Act
’
is capitalized and means a law passed
by the legislature of a
country
法令；法律
3. as a verb, to begin a process in
response to a particular situation
开始行动；表现
When my windows were broken for a third
time I realized that I had to act.
4. it can also mean to perform in a
film or play, or to pretend
演出；扮演；假装
He acted as if he knew nothing about
the dent in the car door.
action [N]
1.
stresses the process involved in an act that is
typically directed towards a defined aim
（有
目的的）行动（强调过程）
The hijackers were overcome
by the government
’
s prompt
military action.
2. it may
also refer to legal proceedings
诉讼
My
client is considering taking legal action against
you.
actual [ADJ]
refers to a real, factual
event and something which exists
实际的；真实的；真正存在的事物
The newspaper quoted his actual word.
‘
actual
’
is often contrasted with
something expected or estimated
通常与期待的或估计的事
物相对比
The actual cost was only
60% of the estimate.
topical [ADJ]
Means either
‘
rel
evant
’
or
‘
of interest at the
moment
’
热门话题；当前受到关注的
比较：