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牛津词汇辨析1

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-02-12 21:38
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2021年2月12日发(作者:阵雨)


abide [V] + by



accept or obey something


遵从;遵守:




We have to abide by the rules.


过去式:


abided



sb can



t abide sb/sth



cannot tolerate a person or idea


不能容忍:




I can



t abide the thought of living so near to his family.


旧时含义:




to live with


居住




过去式:


abode



abode [N]



a dwelling, and is used in the legal phrase for someone who is homeless


住所:




A person of no fixed abode.


常用于正式语境下,有时为幽默表达:




My humble abode


寒舍




更为中性的替代词有:


residence, house, address



ability [N]



the skill and human power to do something


能力;本领;技能:




He is a negotiator of immense ability.



capacity [N]



1. the ability to produce something, or to have a talent for doing something when referring to


skill


能力;才能



区别在于


ability


指后天所学的,而


capacity


指先天具有的:




His ability as a negotiator was helped by his capacity for remembering faces.



2. the maximum amount that can be produced by a machine


产量;生产力:




This photocopier has the capacity to print fifty pages a minute.



abnormal [ADJ]



something that differs from what is considered normal


不正常的;反常的:




Many consider that global warming has resulted in abnormal weather conditions.



subnormal [ADJ]



something below what is considered normal


比正常少的;低于正常的:




Many winters had subnormal temperatures.



abolish [V]



to end or destroy customs, practices and institutions completely


废除;取消:




Slavery was abolished by law in the 19th century.



extinguish [V]



to put out a fire


熄灭:




Three weeks of heavy rain extinguished the forest fires.



the figurative meaning of to destroy


“破灭”的形象说法:




When the talks broke down, all hope of peace was extinguished.



形容词


-extinct



名词


-extinction



Refer specifically to an animal or plant which no longer exists


特指动物或植物的灭绝




abstract



[N] a summary of a report or paper usually in about 250 words


摘要(通常在


250


字以 内)




[ADJ] existing in thought or just as an idea


抽象的,理论上的:




Enough abstract thought: give me one concrete example.



a direction in art and artistic expression


抽象派的




[V] to take away, or remove a part from a larger entity


抽取,提取,使分离:




The hydropower scheme meant abstracting millions of litres of water from the river.



作名词与形容词时,重读第一个音节;作动词 时,重读第二个音节




abstractedly [ADV]



deep in thought and not paying attention to what is going on


心不在焉地,出神地:




He walked right past me, gazing abstractedly at the sky.



abuse [N,V]



poor treatment or violent and improper use of something


虐待;滥用;妄用:




He was imprisoned after being found guilty of repeated child abuse.



alcohol abuse


过度饮酒




作名词时,


abuse



juice< /p>


押韵;作动词时与


news


押韵




misuse [N,V]



the use of something dishonestly, or for a purpose that it was not designed for


错用;误用;


滥用:




Using that expensive Burgundy to make a gravy is a clear case of alcohol misuse.



作名词时,


misuse



juice


押韵;作动词时与


news


押韵




academic



[ADJ] matters associated with university education


学术的:




Academic standards



something that is without practical application and of no immediate relevance


纯理论的;空


谈的:




We have already won the overall competition, so the score of this match is academic.



[N] a teacher or researcher in higher education


大学教师




scholarly [ADJ]



serious academic study


学术性的:




His theories have been printed in a scholarly paper.



used for a person who is studious, learned or engaged in university research


勤奋好学的;有


学术造诣的




scholar [N]



A learned person, teacher or researcher in the classics, arts, and humanities, or other


non-scientific disciplines


有学问的人;学者:




She was a distinguished Latin scholar.



the holder of a scholarship


奖学金获得者




A Rhodes Scholar



accept [V]



1. to receive something


接受:




He was pleased to accept the award from the Design Council



2. to agree to something willingly


同意:




After twenty years the director accepted the need to modernize the company.



except



[PREP] not including, or omitting something


除……之外:




Except for the teacher the rest of the villagers were illiterate.



[V] to leave out


把……排除在外




access [N & V]



1. entry or admittance


进入;进入权:




There is no right of access for the public.



2. to open a computer file


取得;获取(计算机数据):




She double-clicked and accessed the file.



3. to reach or enter something


到达;进入




形容词


-accessible:



The Open University has made university education accessible to the general public.



excess [N & ADJ]



something more than is permitted or desirable


过多,过量:




He had 20 kilos of excess baggage.



形容词


-excessive:



Excessive drinking is very bad for your health.



accident [N]



an unintentional incident that results in damage or injury


事故;意外事件:




There was another serious accident on that road last night.



by accident



the same as



accidentally



or



unintentio nally




偶然地;意外地:




I took the wrong coat home by accident.



mishap [N]



an unlucky accident


不幸;小事故:




Delivery was delayed by a minor mishap in our factory.



mishap


用来指不是很严重的事故




disaster [N]



a sudden event or serious accident that results in great damage or loss of life


灾难;灾祸:




The train crash was one of many such disasters in India.



catastrophe [N]



an event that results in widespread and often sudden damage or suffering


灾难;大祸;严重


的不幸:




The earthquake was a catastrophe for the whole nation.



accommodation [N]



a room or building where someone can live or stay


住处:




Student accommodation in town is always hard to find at the beginning of term.



不可数名词,注意双写’


c


’和’


m





[formal term] a settlement, agreement or compromise


【正式】和解;协议:




The two sides came to an accommodation.



在英式英语中,

< p>
accommodation


仅为单数形式




accommodations [N]


accommodation


的复数形式,仅在美式英语中使用:




The cost of overnight accommodations is included in the price of the ticket.



achieve [V]



to reach an objective or standard, especially over a period of time


实现;取得;达到(尤指经


过了一段时间):




He was delighted to have achieved his ambition of becoming a rock star.



名词


-achievement



accomplish [V]



the same as



achi eve



, but has an additional sense of successfully completing something



功完成;成功实现:




They safely accomplished the task of freeing the soldiers.



形容词


-accomplished



describes a person who does something with great skill


熟练的;才华高的;有造诣的:




She is an accomplished pianist.



名词


-accomplishment



attain [V]



to reach a certain standard, and is the word to use when comparison or measurement is


involved


达到某标准(用于涉及比较或大小尺寸):




She attained the highest grades in her final exams.



名词


-attainment



不那么正式的替代词有


get



acid [ADJ]



sharp in taste and tone


酸的;酸味的;尖酸刻薄的:




The stand-up comedian had an acid sense of humour.



acid test



a crucial trial


决定性的考验:




The acid test is whether the software will actually work.



acrid [ADJ]



unpleasantly bitter in taste or smell


辛辣的;刺激性的:




The acrid smell came from the burning building.



acrid parting



an angry and bitter departure


愤愤不平地离开




acknowledge [V]



1. to confirm that something has been received


确认收到:




The company sent me a letter acknowledging my complaint.



2. to recognize or accept a truth


承认(某事实):




She has never acknowledged her responsibility in this matter.



3.



acknowledge




is used in formal contexts to mean to thank


(正式)感谢:




I acknowledge the financial support from the Research Council.



名词


-acknowledgement (acknowledgment)



acknowledgements



a section of a book or report in which the author lists or thanks those who have made a


contribution


致谢




admit [V]



1. to accept responsibility


承担责任:




I admit that your complaint is justified.



2. to enter or allow access


允许进入:




This ticket admits one.



acoustic [ADJ]



refers to hearing, sound, or the science of sound


声音的;听觉的




acoustic image; acoustic nerve; acoustic guitar



形容词


-acoustical



acoustical measurement; acoustical shadow



美式英语中,


aco ustical



acoustic


同 义




acoustics [N]



1. the science of sound, when, like other academic subjects ending in -ics, it always takes a


singular verb


声学(谓语动词常用单数形式)




Acoustics is a challenging field.



2. the acoustic properties of a room or a building and takes a plural verb


(房间或建筑的)传


声效果,音响效果(谓语动词用复数形式)




The acoustics in the Greek amphitheatre are perfect.



across [PREP & ADV]



1. from one side to the other


从一边到另一边




We swam across the river.


2.



across




can either express movement or position


既可表动作也可表地点




The plane took us across the Alps.



The pub is just across the street.



across the board



a situation or change that affects all levels (


形势或改变


)


影响全局




The savings made by the company will bring improvements across the board.



above [PREP & ADV]



1. at a higher level than something else without touching it


在……上(不接触)




We are now above the Alps.




above




stresses the distance or height


强调距离或高度




The plane was just above the trees.



2. higher than a rate or a norm


高于(某比率或某标准)




She is well above average in mathematics.



over [PREP & ADV]



1. the same as



above



, when used to describe a position that is at a higher level


在……上


(不接触)




We are now over the Alps.



2. higher than a specified figure


高于(某一具体数额)




Everyone over 45 will benefit from the new legislation.



3. covering the surface of something


盖在……上面




There was a thick layer of snow over the hills.



4. from one side to the other, in a similar way to



across




从一边到另一边




We walked over the field.



act [N &V]



1. as a noun, is usually something which is carried out once, often a deed such as a criminal


act


(一次性)的行动,如犯罪行动




The explosion was incorrectly described as an act of terrorism.



act of god



a natural disaster is often called by western insurance companies.


自然灾害(西方保险公司的说


法)




2. in the legal sense ,an



Act




is capitalized and means a law passed by the legislature of a


country


法令;法律




3. as a verb, to begin a process in response to a particular situation


开始行动;表现




When my windows were broken for a third time I realized that I had to act.



4. it can also mean to perform in a film or play, or to pretend


演出;扮演;假装




He acted as if he knew nothing about the dent in the car door.



action [N]



1. stresses the process involved in an act that is typically directed towards a defined aim


(有


目的的)行动(强调过程)




The hijackers were overcome by the government



s prompt military action.



2. it may also refer to legal proceedings


诉讼




My client is considering taking legal action against you.



actual [ADJ]



refers to a real, factual event and something which exists


实际的;真实的;真正存在的事物




The newspaper quoted his actual word.




actual



is often contrasted with something expected or estimated


通常与期待的或估计的事


物相对比




The actual cost was only 60% of the estimate.



topical [ADJ]



Means either



rel evant




or



of interest at the moment




热门话题;当前受到关注的




比较:



-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



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