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人教新课标必修
5
核心词汇梳理并重点训练
必修
5
Unit 1 Great scientists
conclude,
defeat,
expose,
cure,
blame,
contribute,
put
forward,
apart
from,
make
sense,
every
time
1.
conclude
vt.&vi.
断定；使结束；达成，缔结
sth
(from sth)
conclude
推断出，断定
(from sth)
that
…
with sth
conclude sth
以…结束
by doing sth
conclude sth
with sb
就某事与某人达成协议
conclusion
n
.
结束，结论
in
conclusion
最后，总之
arrive at /
come to / draw / reach a
conclusion
得出结论
come to the conclusion
that
…
所得结论是…
eg:
These are facts; what do
you conclude from them?
Let me conclude
my speech with a saying: Where there is a will,
there is a way.
有志者，事竟成
Britain concluded a trade agreement
with China.
I came to the conclusion
that he was lying.
2.
defeat
vt
.
打败；战胜；使受挫
n
.
失败
辨析
defeat / beat /
win
：
这三个词都有“赢”的意思，但用法不尽相同。
1
defeat
和
beat
都可接
sb
作宾语，一般可以互换，其宾语通常是“人”或“一个团体”
，如
a
○
team
，
a class
，
a
school
，
an army
等。另
外，
defeat
还可用于指战争中“击败”敌军或入侵者。<
/p>
2
win<
/p>
后接
sth
，如
game
，
war
，
< br>prize
，
love
，
respect
等；后接
sb
时表示“争取某人”
。
○
eg:
Zhang Yining
defeated Li Jiawei with difficulty in the 29th
Olympics.
The problem has defeated me
and I can
’
t solve it.
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The party
faces defeat in the election.
3.
expose
vt
.
暴露，揭露，使曝光，使面临
expose sth / sb / oneself
(to
…
)
显露或暴露某事物
/
某人
/
某人自己
exposed
adj
.
（指地方）无遮蔽的；不遮挡风雨的
be exposed to
暴露于…
eg:
Don’
t expose your baby to
the sun.
The liquid is not to be
exposed to air, for it will soon evaporate.
The film has been exposed.
We want to expose the kids to as much
art and culture as possible.
4.
cure
n
.
治愈；痊愈
vt
.
治愈；治疗
a cure for
sth
治疗…的方法
cure sb of +
疾病名称
治愈某人的疾病
cure sb
of +
不良行为
矫正某人的不良行为
与
cure sb of
sth
结构类似的短语还有：
remind sb of sth
使某人想起某事
suspect
sb of sth
怀疑某人（做）某事
rob sb of sth
抢了某人某物
inform sb of sth
通知某人某事
warn sb of
sth
警告某人某事
accuse sb
of sth
控告某人某事
eg:
There is no cure for the
common cold at present.
Can you cure me
of my cold?
That nasty shock cured him
of his inquisitiveness forever.
辨析
treat /
cure
：
1
treat
表示治疗过程，不表示结果。
○
2
cur
e
强调结果，意为“治疗，治愈”
，常与
of
连用。
○
5.
blame
vt
.
责备；谴责；把…归咎于
n
.
过失；责备
blame sb
for sth
因某事而责备某人
blame
sth on sb
把某事怪到某人头上
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be to blame
应受责备
get / accept / bear / take the blame
for
…
对…负责
lay / put the blame for sth on
sb
把某事归咎于某人身上
eg:
She blamed him for the failure of their
marriage.
Don
’
t
go trying to blame it on me!
If anyone
is to blame, it
’
s me.
She took the blame on herself.
6.
contribute
vt.&vi
.
捐款；贡献；捐助
contribute
…
to
…
把…贡献给…
contribute
to
…
导致…；向…投稿；有助于…
contribution
n
.
贡献；捐款；稿件
make a
contribution
to
…
对…作出贡献
eg:
All the people in our
school contributed something to the disaster in
Sichuan.
Various factors contributed to
his downfall.
She contributes regularly
to a physics journal.
7.
put
forward
提出，建议；推荐；将…提前
put
aside
节省，储蓄，储存
put away
放好，积蓄
put back
放回，拨回
put down
记下，镇压
put in
放入，加进
put off
延期，推迟
put on
穿上，演出
put out
熄灭，扑灭
put through
接通电话
put up
举起，张贴，公布，挂起，建造
eg:
She put forward some
good proposals for educational reform.
Her name was put forward as the best
for the job.
Put the clock forward by 5
minutes.
8.
apart
from
除…之外；此外
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1
除…之外（都）
(= except
/ except for)
○
2
除…之外（还）
；此外
(= besides)
○
3
与
apart
相关的词组：
○
take
…
apart
将…拆开
tell A and B
apart
分辨出
A
与
B
eg:
This essay is good apart
from a couple of spelling mistakes.
Apart from the occasional visit, what
does Alan do for his kids?
I often took
some old toy cars apart when I was a child.
9.
make sense
make sense of
理解，明白
make no
sense
没道理，没意义
there is no sense in doing sth
做…没道理
in a sense
在某一方面；就某种意义来说
in no sense
决不
eg:
Can you make any sense
of the article at all?
It makes good
sense to grow fruit trees on the hillside.
In a sense, learning the law is like
learning a language.
In no sense can
the issue be said to be resolved.
10.
So many thousands of terrified people died
every time
there was an
outbreak.
1
every
time
引导一个时间状语从句，相当于
whenever
，意为“每当…”
○
2
名词词
组作连词用，
引导时间状语从句的有：
every time,
each time, any time, the last time, next
○
time, the first time, the
moment, the second, the minute, the hour, the
day
等。
3
引导状语从句的副词有：
directly,
instantly, immediately
等。
○
eg:
Every time I
catch a cold, I have pains in my back.
The first time I climbed onto the wall,
I felt very nervous.
She let out a cry
the moment she saw the snake.
I left
immediately the clock struck 5.
练习：
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1. Once the price had been agreed, a
deal
.
（很快就达成协议）
。
2. The Prime Minister
by saying that he was satisfied with
his visit in China.
A. concluded
B. conducted
C. convinced
D. converted
3. Evidence obtained from observation
and experiment is often used to
a scientific theory.
A. confirm
B. conclude
C.
consult
D. confuse
用
defeat, beat
与
win
的适当形式填空
4. He
all his opponents in the election.
5. Mary
the first prize for swimming.
6.
The
more
one
is
the
English-speaking
environment,
the
better
he
or
she
will
learn
the
language.
A. exposed to
B. filled in
C. caught on
D. kept up
7. They have
discovered a new
for
the disease.
A.
treatment
B.
cure
C. way
D. method
8. The careless driver is
for the traffic accident that
yesterday.
A. to blame; happened
B. to blame; was happening
C. to be
blamed; was happened
D. to be blamed; happed
9.
I’
m sure your suggestion
will
solving the
problem.
A.
contribute
B.
devote to
C.
lead to
D. attribute to
10. The State Council has
a new economic policy on the benefits
of the farmers.
A. put up
B. put forward
C. put off
D. put out
11.
his nose,
he
’
s quite good-looking.
A.
Besides
B. Apart from
C.
Except that
D.
Now that
12. It
doesn
’
t make
to buy that expensive coat when these
cheaper ones are just as good.
A. sense
B. opinion
C. use
D. difference
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13.
Don’
t stop
you meet with a word you
don
’
t understand.
A.
at the time
B. each time
C. by the time
D. sometimes
14.
you talk to
someone or write a message, you show your skills
to others.
A. At times
B.
Some time
C. Every time
D. The time
Unit
2 The United Kingdom
convenience,
attract, arrange, delight, thrill, consist of,
leave out, break down, do / does / did +
动词原形
1.
convenience
n
.
便利；便利的事物或设施
for
convenience
为了方便起见
at
one
’
s convenience
在…方便的时候
convenient
adj
.
方便的，便利的
be
convenient for
对…是方便的
eg:
Please send me an answer at your
convenience.
Is this evening convenient
for you to go out?
We bought this house
for convenience; it
’
s near
the school.
注：
○
1<
/p>
convenient
作表语时，不可用人作主语，要用事物作主
语或用
it
来充当形式主语。
○
2
convenient
不和“
of sb +
不定式”连用，但可与“
for
sb +
不定式”连用。
○
3
作表语时后
接不定式的主动形式。
2.
attract
vt
.
吸引；引起注意
attract
one
’
s attention
吸引某人的注意
attract sb to
…
把某人吸引到…
attraction
n
.
have an / no /
a little / much attraction for sb
对某人具有
/
不具有
/
有一点
/
很有吸引力
attractive
adj
.
有吸引力的；引起兴趣的
eg:
The story has attracted
a lot of interest in the media.
What
attracted me most to the job was the chance to
travel.
The television has little
attraction for me.
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3.
arrange
v
.
筹备；安排；整理；布置；排列
arrange sth
整理，排列；安排，筹备
arrange to do sth
安排做某事
arrange sth
for sb
为某人安排某事
arrange
for sb to do sth
安排某人做某事
arrange (with sb) to do sth
（与某人）约定干某事
arrange that
…
商定…；安排…
arrangement
n
.
安排，筹备
make
arrangements for
安排好
eg:
I’
ve arranged for the window
cleaner to come on Thursday.
Have you
arranged to meet Mark this weekend?
The
local newspaper made arrangements for an interview
with Professor Stein.
注：
○
1
表示“安排某人做某事”用
arrange
for sb to do sth
，而不用
arrange
sb to do sth
。
○
2
make
arrangements (for sth /
for sb to do sth)
中的
arrangeme
nt
常用复数形式。
4.
delight
n
.
快乐，高兴，喜悦
vt.&vi
.
（使）高兴，
（使）欣喜
delight in (doing) sth
以某事为乐（尤指不该做的事）
to
one
’
s delight
令某人高兴的是
take / find / have delight
in
喜好；以…为乐
with /
in delight
高兴地
It
’
s a delight to
do sth
做某事是令人愉快的
delighted
adj
.
高兴的，快乐的
be
delighted at
为…而高兴
be
delighted to do sth / that
delightful
adj
.
令人快乐的
eg:
Chris delights in
teasing his sister.
Much to our
delight, everything goes well.
Thanks
for the invitation.
I’
d be
delighted to come.
My brother is a
delightful young man.
5.
thrill
vt
.
使激动；使胆战心惊
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n
.
兴奋；紧张
give sb a
thrill to do sth / of doing sth
做某事让某人感到激动
thrilled
adj
.
兴奋的；激动的
be
thrilled at / about / with
sth
对…感到兴奋
thrilling
adj
.
令人感到兴奋的
eg:
The film thrilled the audience.
It was a real thrill to meet Yao Ming.
He was thrilled at the sight of her.
I had a thrilling experience on the
lake last Sunday.
6.
consist
of
由…组成
consist of
一般不用于进行时和被动语态
consist in (= lie in)
在于，存在于
consistent
adj
.
相容的，一致的
be
consistent with
…
和…一致；相符
be made
up of
由……组成
be composed of
make up
组成
eg:
The world consists of seven continents.
The beauty of the plan consists in its
simplicity.
We should do this: what we
say is consistent with what we do.
言行一致
7.
leave out
省去；遗漏；不考虑
leave
alone
不管，让…独自呆着；不打扰
leave aside
搁置
leave behind
忘带，留下
leave for
动身到（某处）
leave off
停止，中断
eg:
You can leave out the
details, just give us the main facts.
I
’
ve told you
before
—
leave my things alone!
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The lights of
the city were soon left behind.
He left
off playing the piano to answer the telephone.
8.
break down
（机器）出故障；破坏；
（计划、谈判）失败；
（化学）分解；
（身体）垮掉
break in
破门而入；打断
break
into
闯入；突然…起来（后接
tears
，
laughter
等）
break out
（战争）爆发；
（火灾）发生
break off
折断；突然停止讲话；休息；结束
break through
突围；突破；冲垮；克服
break up
拆开，结束；解散
break
away (from)
挣脱；脱离
eg:
The elevators in the building are
always breaking down.
Peace talks have
broken down over the question of reparations.
She broke away from him and ran to the
window.
9. To their credit the four
countries
do
work together
in some areas (eg, the currency and international
relations), but they still have very
different institutions.
“
do
/ does / did +
动词原形”用于肯定陈述句中，加强语气。
eg:
Do come this evening.
He did write to you last week.
Tom does study hard now.
注：
○
1
<
/p>
这种强调句只有一般现在时和一般过去时。
○
2
只对肯定句的谓语动词进行强调，没
< br>有否定式和疑问式。
○
3
do / does /
did
在句中要重读。
○
4
在祈使
句中使用时，往往不表
示命令，而表示强烈的请求，有时也表达更加客气的语气。
练习：
1. I
will come to pay a visit to you if
this weekend.
A. you
’
re
convenient
B.
it is convenient for you
C. you feel convenient
D. it is convenient with you
2. The film named Crazy Stone has a lot
of
for young people.
A. attractions
B. attraction
C. interest
D.
attack
3. Our headmaster
for me to show the visitors around our
school.
A.
asked
B. wanted
C. arranged
D. let
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4.
at the good news, she
couldn
’
t help crying.
A. Delighting
B.
Delighted
C.
Delightful
D. Being delighted
5.
我们听到你被北京大学录取的好消息非常兴奋。
We
the wonderful news that you were
admitted to Peking University.
6.
当从飞机上跳下来的时候，他感到一阵兴奋。
He felt
as
he jumped from the plane.
7. The Group
of Eight (G8)
the eight
richest countries in the world.
A. is consisted
of
B. is made up
C. consists of
D. consists in
8. While
copying this paper, be careful not to
any words.
A. leave behind
B. leave aside
C. leave off
D.
leave out
9. She showed us the whole
dance first, then
so
that we could learn it more easily.
A. got it through
B. carried it out
C. broke it down
D. took it off
10. We had
just covered a distance of three miles
the engine
and the car came to a stop.
A. then; was broken
B. when; broke down
C. until; was failed
D. since; burst
out
11.
I
tell
Tom
that
I
visited the National
Stadium called
“
the
Bird’
s
Nest
”
, in
Beijing, but
he
completely forgot it.
A. do
B. does
C. did
D. doing
Unit 3 Life in the future
previous, lack, switch, take up, lose
sight of, speed up, as though
1.
previous
adj
.
以前的；早先的
previous
to
在…前
；先于…（
to
为介词）
previously
adv
.
以前地；先前地
eg:
No previous experience
is necessary for this job.
Previous to
this, she
’
d always been ill.
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The world
record was previously held by a Spanish athlete.
2.
lack
v.&n
.
缺乏；缺少的东西
lack +
n
.
1
v
.
○
lack for +
n
.
（多用于否定句中）需求；需要
for / through lack of +
n
.
因缺乏…
2
n.
a lack of +
n
.
缺乏…
○
no lack of
不缺乏
3
lacking
adj
.
短缺的；缺乏的
○
be lacking in
缺少
eg:
Li Jiawei
’
s real problem is
that she lacks confidence.
He has got a
bad headache through lack of sleep.
The
film was lacking in pace.
3.
switch
n
.
开关；转换
vt
.
转换
switch on
接上；打开
switch to
变换到
switch off
切断；关掉
switch over
完全转变；转换
make a
switch
进行改变
eg:
Which switch do I press
to turn it off?
He switched the light
on.
Hold on, please.
I
’
ll switch you to the
manager.
We had to make a switch in our
arrangement.
Lucy returned home from
work early. After changing clothes, she
switched off
the light and
came
downstairs. Then she
switched on
the TV and
switched over
with boredom.
4.
take up
拿起；接受；开始；继续；占据
take apart
拆开（机器）等
take away
拿走，夺去
take back
收回（说错的话）
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take down
取下；记下；拆卸
take for
认为，以为；误认为
take in
接受，吸收；包括；领会；欺骗
take on
承担；呈现；开始雇用
take
off
拿走；脱下（衣帽等）
；起飞
take over
占据；接任（职位）
take
out
拿出；去掉；扣除
eg:
She took up her first
teaching post in 2009.
The runners took
up their positions on the starting line.
Is the supermarket taking on any more
assistants?
He is taking over my job
while I am on holiday.
5.
lose sight of
看不见
at the sight
of
…
在看到…时
catch sight
of
…
望见，看到…
in /
within sight
在视线内，可以被看见
in
sight of
…
可以看见…
out of
sight
看不见了，不被人看见
eg:
I lost sight of him in the crowd.
She let out a cry at the sight of the
snake.
Sheila caught sight of her own
face in one of the shop windows.
When
we got to the beach, there
wasn
’
t a soul in sight.
6.
speed up
加速
at
high / low / full / top speed
以高
/
低
/
全
/
最高速
at a speed
of
…
以…速度
with all speed
尽快地
reduce speed
减速
pick up speed
加速
eg:
We
’
d better speed up if we
want to be in time for the film.
At the
turning, the car reduced speed.
The
police car is running at a speed of 100 miles per
hour to chase after the truck ahead of it.