-
专业四级
(TEM-4
2003
)
During
McDonald
’
s early years
French fries were made from scratch every day.
Russet Burbank potatoes
were (31)
, cut into shoestrings, and
fried in its kitchens. (32)
the chain expanded nationwide,
in the mid-1960s, it sought to (33)
labout costs, reduce the
number of suppliers, and (34)
that
its fries tasted the
same at every ld
’
s began
(35)
to frozen
French fries in 1966
—
and few
customers noticed the difference.(36)
the change had a profound effect (37)
the
nation
’
s
agriculture and diet.A familiar food had been
transformed into a highly processed industrial
(38)
.
McDonald
’
s fries now come
from huge manufacturing plants (39)
can process two million
pounds
of
potatoes
a
day.
The
expansion
(40)
McDonald
’
s
and
the
popularity
of
its
low-cost,
mass-produced
fries changed the way Americans eat.
The (41)
of
McDonald
’
s French fries
played a (42)
role in the
chain
’
s
success
—
fries are
much
more
profitable
than
humbergers
—
and
was
(43)
praised
by
customers,
competitors,
and
even food critics. Their
(44)
taste does not
stem (45)
the kind of
potatoes that MaDonald
’
s
(46)
,
the technology that processes them, or the
restaurant equipment that fries them: other chains
use the (47)
large processing companies, and havev
similar (48)
in their
restaurant kitchens.
The taste of a
French fry is (49)
determined by the cooking decades
McDonald
’
s cooked its
French fries in a mixture of about 7
per cent cottonseed oil and 93 per cent beef
mixture gave the
fries their unique
(50)
.
31.
A.
scaled
B.
stripped
C.
peeled
D.
sliced
32.
A.
As
B.
Due to
C.
Owing to
D.
With
33.
A.
diminish
B.
cut
C.
decrease
D.
lessen
34.
A.
ensue
B.
ensure
C.
enrish
D.
enable
35.
A.
switching
B.
diverting
C.
modifying
D.
altering
36.
A.
Still
C.
Besides
D.
Nevertheless
37.
A.
of
B.
to
C.
on
D.
in
38.
A.
brand
B.
stuff
C.
commodify
D.
produce
39.
A.
this
B.
that
C.
/
D.
what
40.
A.
into
B.
from
C.
in
D.
of
41.
A.
taste
B.
production
C.
processing
D. price
42.
A.
decisive
B.
determinant
C.
essential
D.
crucial
43.
A.
long
B.
only
C.
first
D.
lonely
44.
A.
distinctive
B.
distinct
C.
distinguished
D.
distinguishable
45.
A.
in
B.
to
C.
on
D.
from
46.
A.
possesses
B.
buys
C.
acquires
D.
grows
47.
A.
exact
B.
identical
C.
same
D.
alike
48.
A.
woks
B.
pots
C.
boilers
D.
fruers
49.
A.
adequately
B.
massively
C.
plentifully
D.
largely
50.
A.
flavour
B.
fragrance
C.
smell
D.
perfume
译文:
在麦当劳的发展初期,炸薯条
是每日临时现做的。人们将一种被称为“褐色布尔班克”的土豆去皮、
削成条,然后在厨
房里油炸成“炸薯条”
。由于麦当劳连锁店在全国范围内发展迅速,
20
世纪
60
年代中期
麦当劳决定削减人力成本,减少供应商,并努力确保其每个分店的炸薯条口味相同。
1966
年麦当劳开始转
向使用冷冻薯条——而极少有
顾客注意到了这其中的差别。然而这一转变对于整个国家的农业和饮食习惯
影响巨大。一
种人们熟悉的食品被转化成为经过高度加工的工业化产品。如今麦当劳的薯条来自娱每日土
豆产量高达
200
万磅的大型生产商。随着麦当劳业务的日益
扩展和其低成本、批量成产的炸薯条的日益普
1
及,美国人的饮食习惯因此而改变。
麦当劳炸薯条的独特口味对于其连锁店的成功来说功不可没;炸薯条的利润远高于汉堡包,并且长期
以来深受麦当劳的顾客、竞争对手甚至是食品评论家的称赞。炸薯条的独特口味并非来自麦当劳所购买
的
土豆品种,也非来自加工技术或是油炸薯条的餐馆炊具:其他的餐饮连锁店也采用同样
的“褐色布尔班克”
土豆品种,从相同的大型加工商处购买薯条,并且在其餐馆厨房使用
类似的油炸炊具。炸薯条的口味主要
取决于烹饪油。几十年来麦当劳用以炸薯条的烹饪油
是由
7%
的棉籽油和
93%
的牛油混合而成。这种混合
油给予了麦当劳的炸薯条与众不同的风味。
p>
31.C
解
析:
根据上下文可知,
麦当劳早期的炸薯条都是使用一种叫
p>
Russet Burbank
的土豆现场加工而成。
加工的过程包括削皮、切成细条、在厨房里炸制出来,因此选项
peel
p>
“削(皮)
”为正确答案。
(语义
线索题。考查动词的含义。动词
scale
的意
思“依比例决定,攀登,测量”
,也可表示“剥落”
,但为
p>
不及物动词。
strip
表示“剥,剥去”
,常与介词
of
或
off
搭配使用,如:
strip of
one
’
s
clothes
脱去某
人衣服;
He
strpped the paper off the wall.
(他把纸从墙上撕
去。
)
slide
表示“切片”
)
32.A
解析
:选项
B
、
C
为介词词组,选项
D
为介词,后必须接名词或名词词组,而句中
空格之后为主、谓
完整的句子结构,分析整句结构,此部分应该为表示原因的状语从句,
需要一个连接状语从句的从属
连词,
只有选项
< br>A
符合要求。
(语法线索题。
考
查从属连词的用法。
根据上下文可知此处
as
< br>引导原因
和伴随状语从句。动词
expand
此处是不及物动词,表示“发展,扩张”的意思。
due
to
和
owing to
都表示“由于
”的意思,后接名词词组。
with
后可接独立主格结构,但是
此句中
expand
是不及物动
词,因
此不合适。
)
33.B
解析:考查考生对动词与名词搭配的掌握。动词
cut
与名词
cost
构成习惯搭配,表示“削减开支”的
意思。
(语义线索题。
sh
< br>“
(使)减少,
(使)变小”
,
se
“减少”
,
“减少,
减轻”
,均不与
cost
搭配。
)
34.B
解析:选项
“确保”能接
that
引导的宾语从句,表示“确保某
事能发生”
。
(语义线索题。
考查句子
层面的动词含义。
“接着发生”
,
p>
为不及物动词,
不跟宾语从句,
不合题意。
“使富裕”
,
是及物动词,
,
常直接跟名词作宾语,
不跟宾语从句。
“使
...
能够”
,
常用于
“
enable+
宾语
+
不定式”的结构中,不跟宾语从句。
)
35.A
解析:
switch
表示在不同事物之间的转变、
转移或切换,
后
跟介词
to
接转换所至的对象,
如:<
/p>
switching
from teaching to wr
iting
。此处表示由“临时现做”转换成“购买冷冻薯条”的形式,符合题意。
p>
(语
义线索题。考查动词含义及搭配。
B<
/p>
、
C
和
D
皆为及物动词,与原句语法上不符。
)
36.D
解析:连接性副词
neve
rtheless
表示“然而,不过”
,一般用于和前文进行对
比,用于正式语体,符
合题意。
(语法线索题。考查连接副词的
含义及用法。
anyway
表示“无论如何,总之”
,用于非正式
文体。
besides
是一个表示递进关系的连接性副词,表示“此外,除
...
< br>之外”的意思,
still
表示“还,
< br>仍,更”均不符合文意。
)
37.C
解析:名词
effect<
/p>
与介词
on
是固定搭配。知道这一点就不
难选出正确答案。
(固定搭配题。本题考查
考生对名词与介词搭
配的掌握。
)
38.C
解析:考查名词含义。句中提到,一种食物被转换成经加工的工业化“产品”
。选项
commodity
表示
“商
品,农产品;工业产品”
,因此应选
C
。
(词汇线索题。
brand
表示“商
标,牌子,烙印”
。
stuff
的意思
是“原料,材料”
,是不可数名词。名词
produce
表示“产物,农产品”
,均不符题意。
)
p>
39.B
解析:这句话需要一个关系代
词连接定语从句修饰名词
plants
,同时该关系代词在从句
中充当主语成
分,只有选项
B
符合要求
。而且
that
不可省略。
(语法线索
题。考查关系代词的用法。
this
能作限定
< br>词或代词,但不作关系代词,不可以连接从句。
what
相当于
that which/ the thing that
,其本身已包
括了先行词,因此作关系代词时只能引导如主语从句、宾语从句等名词性
关系分句,而不能引导定语
从句等形容词性关系分句。
)
40.D
解析:从句子含义来看,
expansion
和
McDonald
p>
’
s
之间是从属关系,与后面的
the popularity of...
形
成
并列排比关系,所以应该选择
D
。
(语
法线索题。考查句子层面介词的用法。
)
41.A
解析:本段谈到的内容主要是
McDonald
’s
的薯条之所以与众不同就是它的口味独特。另外,在本段
2
的倒数第
3
句中出现了“
the taste of a French fry...
”的字样。综合以上考虑可知选项
A
为正确答案
。
(词汇线索题。
本题要求考生综合上下文考虑。
production
“生产,
产品”
,
processing
“处理”
< br>,
price
“价格”
,均不符
题意。
)
42.D
解析:本题考查考生对四个近义词的区分和掌握。
A
和
B
都有“决定性的”的含义。我们从上下文可
< br>知,薯条的独特风味在
McDonald
’
s
的食品中占重要的地位,但还不是“决定性的”地位。选项
D
是
正确答案,意即“占重要作用”
< br>。
(词义辨析题。而从语法角度可以排除
C
(冠词
a
后面的名词不以元
音开头)
。
)
43.A
解析:考查句子层面副词的含义和用法。从句意分析
,作者是想表明“炸薯条”对于麦当劳的成功功
不可没,只有选项
A
从意义上符合“炸薯条饱受赞誉”的语境。
(语义线索题。
only
仅仅,只不过;
first<
/p>
首先,最初;
lonely
孤独的,均不
符题意。
)
44.A
解析:考查句子层面形容词的含义。
distinctive
“有特色的,与众不同的”
,强调“有特色”或“某物
有别于其他同类”
,常作前置修饰语,
A
符合题意。
(
distinct
“明
显的,清楚的”
,强调“很容易注意
到的”
,
如
a distinct smell of
burning; distinguished
“
著名的,<
/p>
受人尊敬的”
,
如
a distinguished politician;
distinguis
hable
“可辨认的”
,如
A
black object is not easily distinguishable on a
dark night.
)
45.D
解析:本题考查考生对动词与介词搭配的掌握。
stem
与
from
搭配,有“起源于,发生于”的意
思。
如:
customs stemming from
the past
“来自过去的习俗”
。此处用
from
符合句意,因此
D
为
正确答
案。
(固定搭配题。其他三选项不与
stem
搭配。
)
46.B
解析:从上下文可以看出麦当劳本身不产土豆,它从
供应商手中购得土豆,因而应选
buys
。
(语义线
索题。考查篇章分析能力。
Acquire
强调“通过个人的努力或手段而得到某个不容易得到的东西”
,在
p>
此处并不十分符合题意。
)
47.C
解析:依题意,其他连锁店从同样的加工商处购得加
工薯条,选项
强调“所提及的事物事实
上是同一物”
,符合题意。
(语义线索题。考查形容词的含义和
区分。
“确切的,精确的”
,强
调“与事实没有偏差,准确无误”
;
cal<
/p>
“完全一模一样的”
,强调“两个不同的事物在细节上
十分接近”
;
“相似的”
,为表语形容词,不用做前置修饰语。
)
48.D
解析:根据上下文,此处对应“炸”薯条的炊具
,因此应选
fryers
“油炸锅”
,
符合题意。
(
词汇线索
题。考查篇章分
析能力。
wok
是指一种中国式的铁锅,表示“锅,炒菜锅”<
/p>
。
pot
表示“壶”
。
boiler
表示“煮器(锅、壶的统称)
”
,均不符题意。
)
49.D
解析:考查习惯搭配。
y<
/p>
“很大程度上,主要地”
,符合“炸土豆条的味道主要由使用的油
而
定”的句意。
(
词汇线索题。
tely
“充分地”
,
ely
“大量地”
,
fully
p>
“丰足地”
,
均不合题意。
)
50.A
解析:考查句子层面的名词含义。
p>
r
“口味,风味”
,可指食物品尝起来让人
愉悦的味道,
A
符合题意。
(词汇线索
题。
nce
“芬芳,香味”
,
e
“香味,芳香,香水”
,
“气
味,嗅觉”
,均与味觉有关,
不涉及食物的口感,不符合题意。
)
51. Agriculture is the
country
’
s chief source of
wealth,wheat
by
far the biggest cereal crop. (2003)
A.
is
B.
been
C.
be
D.
being
52. Jack
from home for
two days now,and I am beginning to worry about his
safety. (2003)
A.
has been missing
B.
has been
missed
C.
had been missing
D.
was missed
53. Above the trees are the hills,
magnificence
the river faithfully reflects on the surface.
(2003)
A.
where
B.
of whose
C.
whose
D.
which
54. Who
was coming to see me in my
office this afternoon? (2003)
A.
you said
B.
did you say
C.
did you say that
D.
you did say
55.
——
Does Alan like hamburgers?
——
much
that he eats them almost
every day. (2003)
A.
for
B.
as
C.
to
D.
so
56. Your ideas,
, seem unusual
to me. (2003)
3
A.
like her
B.
like hers
C.
similar to
her
D.
similar to herself
57. The opening ceremony is a great
ossasion, it is essential
for that. (2003)
A.
for us to be prepared
B.
that we are
prepared
C.
of us to be prepared
D.
our being
prepared
58. Time
, the celebration will be
held as scheduled. (2003)
A.
permit
B.
ppermitting
C.
permitted
D.
permits
59.
I
like economics, I like sociology much better.
(2003)
A.
As much as
B.
So much
C.
How much
D.
Much as
60. It
is futile to discuss the matter further, because
going to agree
upon anything today. (2003)
A.
neither you nor I are
B.
neither you
nor me is
C.
neither you nor I am
D.
neither me nor you are
61.
They
overcame
all
the
difficulties
and
completed
the
project
two
months
ahead
of
time,
is
something we had not
expected. (2003)
A.
which
B.
it
C.
that
D.
what
62. He is quite worn
out form
years of hard is not the man
he was twenty
years ago.
(2003)
A.
which
B.
that
C.
who
D.
whom
63. Since the weather
is fine we
walk for a while. (2003)
A.
may
B.
must
C.
might as well
D.
will
64. She would just
stay
go. (2003)
A.
as soon; as
B.
rather; as to
C.
prefer; to
D.
sooner;as
65. It is turning dark.I am afraid a
heavy rain is
. (2003)
A.
impacting
B.
impending
C.
impeding
D.
impeaching
66.
The
mother
needs
bottle
feeds
for
she
doesn
’
t
have
enough
milk
to
breast-feed
her
baby.
(2003)
A.
extra
B.
additional
C.
supplementary
D.
surplus
67. I am
glad to hear that John finally
his own mistakes. (2003)
A.
owned up to
B.
made up to
C.
caught on to
D.
got on to
68. She would have
been more agreeable if she had changed a little
bit,
?
(2003)
A.
hadn
’
t she
B.
hasn
’
t she
C.
wouldn
’
t she
D.
didn
’
t she
69. At three thousand feet, wide plains
begin to appear, and there is never a moment when
some distant
mountain is not
. (2003)
A.
on view
B.
at a glance
C.
on the scene
D.
in sight
70. The first two
stages in the development of civilized man were
probably the invention of weapons and
the discovery of fire, although nobody
knows exactly when he acquired the use of the
. (2003)
A.
latter
B.
latest
C.
later
D.
last
71. It will
take us twenty minutes to get to the railway
station,
traffic delays. (2003)
A.
acknowledging
B.
affording
C.
allowing for
D.
accounting for
72. He will
have to
his
indecent behaviour one day. (2003)
A.
answer to
B.
answer for
C.
answer back
D.
answer about
73.
With
exceptions, the former president does
not appear in public now. (2003)
A.
rare
B.
unusual
C.
extraodinary
D.
unique
74. We
have been hearing
accounts of your work. (2003)
A.
favoured
B.
favourable
C.
favourite
D.
favouring
75. During the
summer holiday season there are no
rooms in this seaside
hotel. (2003)
A.
empty
B.
blank
C.
deserted
D.
vacant
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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