-
与房屋有关的词汇
House
（房子）
semi-detached
house
< br>半独立式房子（一栋房子从中间隔开，成为两户人家，花
园也用篱笆隔开）
detached house
独立式房子
(
一家拥有
)
terraced houses/ row
houses
连栋房屋
(
互相连接的
一排房屋；两幢之间只有
一层墙壁相隔
)
fence
篱笆
front door
房子前门
garage
车库
driveway
车库通向马路的空地
Flat/Apartment
(
公寓
)
block of flats
公寓楼
ground floor
第一层
first floor
第二层
lift/elevator
电梯
stairs
楼梯
steps
楼外的台阶
balcony
阳台
Renting (
租房
)
你如果打算租房子，
不妨进来看一下
这一段对话，
看房的时候就知道跟房东说什
么了
。
landlord
房东
rent
房租
House Leasing Contract
房屋合同
deposit
定金
furnished house/ apartment<
/p>
有家具的房子
/
公寓
unfurnished house/
apartment
无家具的房子
/
公寓
a vacant
room/ a spare room
空房
single room
单人间
double room
双人间
utilities
水、电、煤气和垃圾处理等费用
flatmate
合住一套公寓的人；合租者
letting agency
房屋中介
agency fee
中介费
海外留学租房三攻略
home stay
寄宿家庭，指和房东住在一起，由房东提供食宿）
university accommodation
学校宿舍（住在大学提供的宿舍里）
private accommodation
私人住房
Room (
房间
)
cozy
温馨的
living room/lounge
起居室
；客厅
bedroom
卧室
main bedroom
主卧
carpet
地毯
coffee table
（置于沙发前的）茶几
armchair
单人沙发
sofa
沙发
remote control
遥控器
radiator
暖气片
central heating
中央供暖
fridge/ freezer
冰箱
kettle
电烧水壶
stool
厨房高脚椅
oven
烤箱
dishwasher
洗碗机
tap
水龙头
sink
洗碗池
cupboard
橱柜
shower
淋浴
/
冲凉
bath
浴缸
bathroom
卫生间
main bathroom
主卫
toilet
马桶
Buy a (an)flat/ apartment
买房
real estate
房地产
mortgage
按揭（指向银行借长期抵押贷款，用来买房子）
down payment
首付
completed apartment/flat
现房（指已建好供销售的房子）
forward housing delivery
期房
resold apartment
二手房
affordable housing
经济适用房
housing price
房价
Financing
is
the
key
to
most
real
estate
transactions
,
so
if
you
are
buying
real
estate
for
your
personal use , consumer credit
considerations are of paramount importance .
Unlike the standard
stock
leveraging
scheme
,
where
the
debt
is
capped
at
50
percent
of
the
principal
value
of
the
transaction , the standard debt-to-
asset ratio in real estate or what the banks call
the loan-to-value
ratio , is 80 percent
,with a 20 percent down payment . In such an
instance , the lender looks as
much
to
the
credit
of
the
borrower
as
to
the
value
of
the
property
,
to
be
sure
of
repayment .
Hence , your
record of payment of other debts , or lack thereof
, will be a critical factor in whether
or
not
you
get
credit
for
a
home
purchase .
Other
factors
that
come
into
play
are
your
overall
financial
picture .
If
you
have
large
amounts
of
other
assets
such
as
stocks
,
that
will
help .
Retirement assets such as individual
retirement accounts (IRAs) cannot be used to
secure loans ,
but even they may
indirectly count in a borrower’s favor as evidence
of astuteness .
If
you
are
buying
property
for
rental
as
a
business
,
then
more
businesslike
considerations
apply . The bank will
still want to evaluate loan-to-value and income-
to-debt service ratios , but
may give
lesser weight to your personal financial situation
. Your past business experience , either
in real estate or in other areas , will
be taken into account , as will your business
credit record . In
unusual
cases
,
the
lender
may
require
you
to
sign
for
loans
personally
,
in
which
case
your
personal financial situation will
matter . There are several types of
lenders . The most common
one
is
a
financial
institution
such
as
a
bank
or
a
savings
and
loan .
A
second
is
government
agencies such as
Veteran’s Administration or the Federal Housing
Authority . The third source of
financing is owner financing .
对于大
多数房地产交易来说，
关键在于资金问题的解决。
一旦你决定买
房，
重中之重便
是考虑消费品信用贷款。与标准存量中要求债务
上限为交易本金的
50%
的平衡计划不同，
在房市中，标准负债与资产比率（银行称之为贷款与价值比率）可达
80%
，只需
20%
的预
付定
金。在这种情况下，贷方把借方的信誉和资产看得同样考试
&
大
重要，以确保借方有能
力偿还债务。所以，你的其它债务的还款记录（或者记录缺失）将
会成为致命因素，直接影
响你能否获得购房信贷。
当然，
还有一些因素在起着作用，
它们也会影响你的整个筹资计划。
你如果有大量的诸如股票之类的另类资产的话，
这会对你的信贷非常有利
。
个人退休金帐户
之类的退休资产虽然不能用来做贷款担保，<
/p>
可即便如此，
它们却会证明你很精明，
并
因此而
博得贷方的好感。
如果你购房是为了商业经营，
那你就需要一步步深思熟虑。
银行仍然会对你的贷款与价
值和工资与债务的偿还比率进行评估，
但可能会低估你的个人财务状况。<
/p>
你的商业信贷记录
也会被纳入评估的考虑范围，以往的经营经验<
/p>
（房地产或是其它领域）
也会被予以考虑。特
殊情况下，
贷方可能要求本人亲自签收贷款，
此时，你的个
人财务状况就会与此挂钩。
贷方
分为好多种。
< br>最常见的就是银行和信用合作社等金融机构。
第二种就是退伍军人管理局和联
邦房屋管理局的政府机构。第三种资金来源就是业主融资
A bank will look
at the
borrower’s
inc
ome relative
to the proposed
debt
service payments . The rule of thumb
during the middle of the twentieth
century was that a mortgage should not
be more than two and a half times
income . A more current rule of thumb
was that mortgage payments should
not
be more than 28 percent of income , and total debt
service payments
should
not
be
more
than
34
percent
of
income
.
In
recent
years
,
the
latter
ratio
has been relaxed to as much as 40 percent , a
financial stretch .
A borrower can even
apply for a loan with no income verification .
Typically
,
however
,
the
bank
requires
a
large-than
–
usual
down
payment
25
to 35 percent or more , and a clean credit record
.
Somewhat different requirements apply
for a government loan . For
instance
,
the
Veteran’s
Administ
ration
will
make
loans
to
war
veterans
at low interest rates . Other
government agencies target other
constituencies
such as
low-income
housing . If
you have a
good record of
running multi-family houses , you may
qualify for government loans for
the
development
and
management
of
low-income
units
.
In
such
cases
,
your
ability to get the loan is contingent
on your meeting the particular
politically
requirements
.
Also
,
government
loans
are
more
likely
to
have
onerous
terms such as prepayment penalties .
A third source
of financing , if you find the right seller and
are
persuasive enough , is
owner financing .
A mortgage
is
nothing more than
an
IOU
in
which
a
buyer
agrees
to
pay
a
lender
the
value
of
the
house
over
a period of time . It
is really a way of borrowing money using the house
as
collateral.
The
borrower
issues
a
mortgage
,
and
is
known
as
a
mortgage
,
while
the
lender
is
known
as
the
mortgage
.
In
this
particular
instance
,
the
seller is also the lender of the last resort .
Occasionally , there
will
be
home
advertisements
in
the
newspaper
that
say
OWC
,
or
owner
will
carry .
针对预定的债务偿还量，银行还会
了解借方的收入情况。
20
世纪中期单纯
经验的方法就是抵押最多为工资的二点五倍。
更为流行的单纯经验方法就是抵押
贷款月供最多为月薪的
28%
，总偿债支付款
最多为还款期间工资总额的
34%
。在
最近几年，后者已经达到了
40%
，这就是金融延伸。借方甚至
没有收入证明也可
以申请贷款，可尽管如此，银行却会特别要求一笔
25-35%
甚至更多的巨额首付
和一个无污点的信贷记录
。
<
/p>
申请政府贷款要求多少会有些不同。
例如，
退伍军人管理局会给予曾经参战
的退伍军人低息贷款。
其它政
府机构提供的是一些赞助服务，
比如对那些低收入
家庭。
如果你具有一个经营多户住宅的良好记录，
你就可以获得政府贷款以对
低