-
2016
年
5
月全国翻
译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级《笔译实务》试卷
Section 1: English-Chinese Translation
(50 points)
Translate the following
passage into Chinese.
Old
people in Thiengoly say they can remember when
there
were so many trees that you
couldn’t see the sky. Now,
miles of
reddish-brown sand surround this village in
northwestern Senegal, dotted with occasional
bushes and trees.
Dried animal dung is
scattered everywhere, but hardly any dried grass
is.
Overgrazing
and
climate
change
are
the
major
causes
of
the
Sahara’s
advance,
said
Gilles
Boetsch,
an
anthropologist who directs a team of
French scientists working with
Senegalese researchers in the region.“The local
Peul people are herders, often nomadic.
But the pr
essure of the herds on the
land has become too great,” Mr. Boetsch
said in an interview. “The vegetation
can’t regenerate itself.”
Since 2008, however, Senegal has been
fighting back against the encroaching desert. Each
year it has planted some
two million
seedling trees along a 545-kilometer, or
340-
mile, ribbon of land that is the
country’s segment of a major
pan-
African regeneration project, the Great Green
proposed in 2005, the program links Senegal and 10
other
Saharan states in an alliance to
plant a 15 kilometer-wide, 7,100-kilometer-long
green belt to fend off the desert. While
many
countries
have
still
to
start
on
their
sections
of
the
barrier,
Senegal
has
taken
the
lead,
with
the
creation
of
a
National Agency for the Great Green
Wall.
“
This semi-arid region
is becoming less and less habitable. We want to
make it possible for people to continue to
live here,” Col. Pap Sarr, the agency’s
technical director, said in an interview here.
Colonel Sarr has forged working
alliances
between
Senegalese
researchers
and
the
French
team
headed
by
Mr.
Boetsch,
in
fields
as
varied
as
soil
microbiology, ecology, medicine and
anthropology. “In Senegal we hope to experiment
with different ways of doing
things
that will benefit the other countries as they
bec
ome more active,” the colonel said.
Each year since 2008, from
May
to
June,
about
400
people
are
employed
in
eight
nurseries,
choosing
and
overseeing
germination
of
seeds
and
tending
the
seedlings
until
they
are
ready
for
planting.
In
August,
1,000
people
are
mobilized
to
plant
out
rows
of
seedlings, about 2
million plants, allowing them a full two months of
the rainy season to take root before the long, dry
season sets in.
After their
first dry season, the saplings look dead, brown
twigs sticking out of holes in the ground, but 80
percent
survive. Six years on, trees
planted in 2008 are up to three meters, or 10
feet, tall. So far, 30,000 hectares, or about
75,000 acres, have been planted,
including 4,000 hectares this summer.
There are already discernible impacts
on the microclimate, said Jean-Luc Peiry, a
physical geography professor at
the
Université
Blaise Pascal in Clermont-
Ferrand, France, who has placed 30 sensors to
record temperatures in some
planted
parcels.“Preliminary
results
show
that
clumps
of
four
to
eight
small
trees
can
have
an
important
impact
on
temperature,” Professor
Peiry said in an interview. “The transpiration of
the trees creates a microclimate that moderates
daily temperature extremes.” “The trees
also have an important role in slowi
ng
the soil erosion caused by the wind,
reducing
the
dust,
and
acting
like
a
large
rough
doormat,
halting
the
sand-
laden
winds
from
the
Sahara,”
he
added.
Wildlife is responding to the changes.
“Migratory birds are reappearing,” Mr. Boetsch
said.
The project uses eight
groundwater pumping stations built in 1954, before
Senegal achieved its independence from
France in 1960. The pumps fill giant
basins that provide water for animals, tree
nurseries and gardens where fruit and
vegetables are grown.
Section 2: Chinese-English Translation
(50 points)
Translate the following
passage into English.
健康是促进
人的全面发展的必然要求。
提高人民健康水平，
实现病有所医的
理想，
是人类社会的共同追求。
1
在中国这个有着
13
亿多人口的发展中
大国，医疗卫生关系亿万人民健康，是一个重大民生问题。
中
国高度重视保护和增进人民健康。宪法规定，国家发展医疗卫生事业，发展现代医药和传统医药，保护
人民健康。
多年来，中国坚持“以农村为重点，
预防为主，中西医并重，依靠科技与教育，动员全社会参与，为人民健
康服务，
为社会主义现代化建设服务
”
的卫生工作方针，
努力发展具有中国特色的医疗卫生事业。
经过不懈努力，
覆盖城乡的医疗卫生服务体系基本形成，疾病防治能力不断增强，医疗保障覆盖人口逐步扩大，
卫生科技水平
日益提高，居民健康水平明显改善。
随着中国工业化、城市化进程和人口老龄化趋势的加快，居民健康面临着传染病和慢性病的双重威胁 ，公
众对医疗卫生服务的需求日益提高。与此同时，中国卫生资源特别是优质资源短缺、
分布不均衡的矛盾依然存
在，医疗卫生事业改革与发展的任务十分艰巨。
答案
< br>司恩高利村的老人们常说，他们记得曾经该村周边树木多得遮天蔽日。如今，司恩高利这个塞内加尔西北< /p>
小村已被绵延数英里的红棕色沙子包围，沙子上零星散布着灌木丛和树丛。干结的动物粪便
到处都是，但干枯
的草却很难到处可见。过度放牧和气候变化是导致撒哈拉沙漠扩张的主
要原因，人类学家吉勒思·波特舍这样说
道，他带领的一队法国科学家正和塞内加尔研究
员一道在此开展研究工作。
“当地的颇耳族人以放牧为生，且常
常是流动放牧。但是畜群对草地带来的压力太大以致于植被无法复生，
”波特舍先生在一
次采访中说道。不过，
塞内加尔自
2008
年起就一直抗击不断扩张的沙漠的侵袭。
每年，
该国将约
200
万株树苗沿
545
千米
（约
340
英里）
长的狭长地带栽种，<
/p>
这块狭长地带是“绿色长城”这一泛非洲植被再生工程在塞内加尔境内的部分。
“绿色长
城”这一工程在
2005
年被提出，
它将塞内加尔和其他
10
个地处撒哈拉的国家联接成同盟来通过植树创建一个
15
千米宽、
7100
千米长的绿化带，以此阻挡沙漠的扩张。随着主管其境内的“绿色长城”工程的一个国家级机
构的成立，塞内加尔在植树治沙方面已经走在了前列，而许多国家甚至都还没有着手建设它们境
内的绿化带屏
障。
“这个半干燥地区正变得越来越不适宜居住。
我们想让人们还能够继续在此居住，
”帕萨上校在一次采访中说
道，他是这个新成立的机构的技术主任。萨上校已促成塞内加尔研究人员和波特舍领导的法国科学家团队在土
2
壤微生物学、生态学、药学和人类学
方面组成研究联盟。萨上校说：
“随着其他国家变得更积极起来，我们希望
塞内加尔尝试的不同治沙方式能让这些国家受益”
。
自
2008
年起，
每年
4
月到
6
月，
约
400
名工人会受雇于
8
个苗圃室，
他们要挑选种子、
照看种子的发芽，
然后修剪幼苗直到这些幼苗能用于载种。
到了
8
月，
1000
多
人将被调动来栽种一排排树苗，
约
200
万株，
这就使得这些树苗在漫
长而干燥的旱季到来前能有足足两个月的
雨季来扎根。在经历了第一个旱季之后，这些小
树苗看上去都枯死了，只剩棕色的枝条从地上的洞中凸出来，
但
80%
的树苗都会存活。
6
年之后，这些
2008
年栽下的树苗已经长到了
3
米之高（约
10
< br>英寸）
。迄今已
有
30000
公顷，约
75000
英亩的地带已经栽上了树木，其中
4000
亩是今年夏天栽种的。
“植
树对微气候的影
响已经显现，
”法国克莱蒙费朗市布莱斯?帕斯
卡大学物理地理学教授让·吕克·派瑞说道，他在一些已经栽种了树
木的地带放置了
30
个传感器来记录温度变化。
“初步的结果显示
4
至
8
棵树
组成的树丛能对温度产生重要影
响，
”派瑞教授在一次采访中说
道。
“树木体表的水分蒸发能创造一个微气候，
这个微气候能降
低每日温度的上限。
”
“同时，这些树木在减轻大风造成的土壤
流失、减少沙尘以及起到粗糙的地垫作用方面功不可没，从而阻断从撒
哈拉刮来的满是沙
子的大风”他补充说道。野生动物因这些变化而改变了行为。波特舍先生说：
“迁徙的鸟
类重现
此地。
”该工程所用的
8
个地下水泵站建于
1954
年，
即在塞内加尔
1960
年脱离法国统治取得独立之前。
这些
水泵抽取地下水灌满巨型蓄水盆，而这些蓄水盆为动物、苗圃室和种植有果树的
花园供水。
大师兄翻硕译文一：
Good
health is a prerequisite for promoting all-round
development of the it is a common pursuit of
human societies toimprove people's
healthand ensuretheirright to medical China,
alarge developing country,
medical and
healthcare is of vital importance to its
population of over 1.3 billion, and is a major
issue concerningits
people'swellbeing.
China
pays
great
attention
to
protecting
and
improving
its
people's
health.
As
the
Constitution
stipulates,
state
develops
medical
and
health
services,
promotes
modern
medicine
and
traditional
Chinese
medicine..., allfortheprotectionof
thepeople's health.
health services with
Chinese characteristics in accordance with the
policy of
putting disease prevention
first, supporting both traditional Chinese
medicine and Western medicine, relying on science,
technology and education, and
mobilizing the whole of society to join the
efforts, improving the people's health and
serving socialist
modernization.
covering both urban and
rural residents have taken shape, the capabilities
of disease prevention and control have been
enhanced,
the
coverage
of
medical
insurance
has
expanded,
continuous
progress
has
been
made
inmedical
science
andtechnology,andthepeople's
healthhas
beenremarkablyimproved.
With
the
quickened
pace
of
the
country's
industrialization
and urbanization, as well as its increasingly
aging population, the Chinese people are facing
the dual
health
threats
of
infectious
and
chronic
diseases,
and
the
public
needs
better
medical
and
health
services.
In
the
meantime,
problems still exist regarding China's health
resources, especially the shortage of high-quality
resources and
3
the
unbalanced
distribution
of
those
resources.
China
has
arduous
tasksaheadforreforminganddevelopingitsm
edical
andhealthservices.
大师兄翻硕版译文二：
Good
health is a prerequisite for the
all-
round development of a improve
people’s health and ensure their
access
to health care is a goal being pursued by all
societies. Health care, which has a direct bearing
on people’shealth,
isarealpu
blicconcerninChina,alargedeveloping
countrywith
apopulation
of1.3billion.
China
attaches
great
importance/pays
much
attention
to
protecting
and
improving
people’s
health.
For
example,
it
has
been
enshrined
in/written
into
the
constitution
that
fo
r
the
sake
of
people’s
health,
the
state
has
an
obligation
todevelop
thehealthcaresyste
mandpromotemodernmedicineandtraditionalChinese
medicine.
Over
the
years,
China
has
been
working
hard to build a health care system with Chinese
characteristics, sticking
to the
principles of “health service in
rural
areas
being
the
centerpiece/key
part
of
its
effort;
disease
prevention
being
putting
first;
traditional
Chinese
medicine and Western
medicine being equally emphasized; science,
technology and education being the ways by which
the system is created; all members of
the society being encouraged to contribute to the
system; the system being for the
health
of the public and China’s socialist modernization
”. After years of relentless efforts, China has
basically bui
lt a
health
care
system
covering
both
ruraland
urbanresidents
andhas
constantly
improved
its
ability
toprevent
andcurediseases
aswell
asits
medical
technologies,
with
medical
insurance
covering
an
ever-
increasing
number
of
people
and
people’s
health
being
markedlyimproved.
Withthe
paceof
China'sindustrialization
andurbanization
acceleratingand thepopulationbeing
increasingly aging, the Chinese people are
confronted with the dual threat posed by
infectious diseases and chronic
diseases, for which there’s a g
reat
demand for health care service among the public.
In
the
meantime,
the
problems
of
the
lack
of
medical
resources,
high-quality
ones
in
particular
and
the
distribution
of
medical
resources
being
uneven
still
persist,which
meansthatChinahas
adauntingtaskof
reforming
andimprovingitshealthcaresystem.
4
2015
年
11
月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级《笔译实务》试卷
Section 1: English-Chinese Translation
(50 points)
Translate the following
passage into Chinese.
The
Republic of Ireland is a sovereign state in
Western Europe, occupying about five-sixths of the
island of Ireland.
The capital and
largest city is Dublin, whose metropolitan area is
home to around a third of the country’s 4.6
million
inhabitants. The state shares
its only land border with Northern Ireland. It is
a unitary, parliamentary republic with an
elected president serving as head of
state. The head of government is nominated by the
lower house of parliament.
Following
the
Irish
War
of
Independence
and
the
subsequent
Anglo-Irish
Treaty,
Ireland
gained
independence
from the United Kingdom in 1922.
Initially a dominion, Ireland received official
British recognition of full legislative
independence in the Statute of
Westminster of 1931. A new constitution was
adopted in 1937, by which the name of the
state became “Ireland.” In 1949,
Ireland was declared a republic under the Republic
of Ireland act 1948.
Ireland
ranks among the wealthiest countries in the world
in terms of GDP per capita. In 1973, Ireland
enacted a
series of liberal economic
policies that resulted in rapid economic growth,
coupled with a dramatic rise in inequality.
The country achieved considerable
prosperity from 1995 to 2007. This was halted by
an unprecedented financial crisis
that
began in 2008, in conjunction with the concurrent
global economic crash.
In 2011 and 2013
Ireland was ranked as the seventh-most developed
country in the world by the United Nations
Human Development Index. It also
performs well in several metrics of national
performance, including freedom of the
press, economic freedom and civil
liberties. It pursues a policy of neutrality
through non-alignment.
The population
of Ireland stood at 4,588,252 in 2011, an increase
of 8.2 percent since 2006. As of 2011, Ireland
had the highest birth rate in the
European Union (16 births per 1,000 of
population). In 2012, 35.1 percent of births
were to unmarried women. Annual
population growth rates exceeded 2 percent during
the 2002-2006 period, which was
attributed
to
high
rates
of
natural
increase
and
immigration.
This
rate
declined
somewhat
during
the
subsequent
2006-2011 period,
with an average growth rate of 1.6 percent.
Ireland
ranks
fifth
in
the
world
in
terms
of
gender
equality.
In
2011,
Ireland
was
ranked
the
most
charitable
country
in
Europe,
and
second
most
charitable
in
the
world.
Contraception
was
controlled
in
Ireland
until
1979,
however, the receding
influence of the Catholic Church has led to an
increasingly
secularized society .
In 1983, the
Eighth
Amendment recognized “the right to life of the
unborn”, subject to qualifications
concerning the “equal right to
life” of the mother. The passage of the
Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments guarantees
the right to have an abortion
performed
abroad, and the right to learn about “services”
that are illegal in Ireland, but legal abroad.
T
he prohibition on
divorce
in the 1937 Constitution was repealed in 1995
under the Fifteenth Amendment. Divorce rates in
Ireland are
very low compared to
European Union averages while the marriage rate in
Ireland is slightly above the European Union
average.
Capital
punishment
is
constitutionally
banned
in
Ireland,
while
discrimination
based
on
age,
gender,
sexual
orientation, marital
or familial status, religion and race is illegal.
Ireland became the first country in the
world to introduce an environmental levy for
plastic shopping bags in 2002
and a
public smoking ban in 2004. Recycling in Ireland
is carried out extensively and Ireland has the
second highest
rate of packaging
recycling in the European Union.
Section 2:
Chinese-English Translation (50 points)
Translate the following passage into
English.
不冲突不对抗
，是构建中美新型大国关系的必要前提。有研究显示，历史上大约有过
15
次新兴大
5
国的崛起，其中有
11
次与既有大国之间发生了对抗和战争。但现在的世界已今非昔比，中美之间乃至全
< br>球各国之间已是日趋紧密的利益共同体，对抗将是双输，战争没有出路。不冲突、不对抗的宣示，就是要顺 应
全球化潮流，改变对中美关系的负面预期，解决两国之间的战略互不信，构建对中美关
系前景的正面信心。
相互尊重，是构建中美新型大国关系的基
本原则。世界是多样的，中美作为两个社会制度不同、历史文化
背景各异，同时又利益相
互交织的大国，相互尊重就显得尤为重要。我们只有相互尊重对方人民选择的制度与
道路
，相互尊重彼此的核心利益与关切，才能求同存异，进而聚同化异，实现两国的和谐相处。
合作共赢，是中美构建新型大国关系的必由之路。中美双方在双边关系各领域都有着
广泛合作需求和巨大
合作潜力。此外，作为两个大国，环顾当今世界，从反恐到网络安全
，从核不扩散到气候变化，从中东和平到
非洲发展，也都离不开中美两国的共同参与、合
作和贡献。
答案
爱尔兰共和国是西欧的一个主权
国家，其国土面积为爱尔兰岛的六分之五。爱尔兰的首都和最大城市是都
柏林，
该国
460
万人口
中约三分之一居住在这座大都市。
唯一与爱尔兰在陆地上接壤的是英国的北爱尔兰。
爱
尔兰是中央集权的议会制共和国，总统为国家元首，由选举产生。
爱尔兰总理由议会下议院选出。在爱尔兰独
立战争和随后签署的《英爱条约》之后，爱尔
兰于
1922
年脱离联合王国获得
独立。独立之初的爱尔兰只是一
块（仍受英国控制的）自治领，在
1931
英国议会通过《威斯敏斯特条例》后，爱尔兰才
获得英国对其立法独
立的正式承认。
1937
年爱尔兰实施了一部新宪法，这部宪法规定该国的名
称为“爱尔兰”
。
在
1949
年，
《爱尔
兰共和国法案
1948
》获
得通过，爱尔兰宣布成为一个共和国。以人均
GDP
计算，爱尔兰位居世界最富裕国家
行列。
19
73
年，
爱尔兰通过了一系列自由经济政策，
这促进了经济的快速增长，
同时社会不平等问题加剧。
1995
年到
2007
年，该国经济欣欣向荣。但其经济良好态势被
2008
年爆发的史无前例的金融危机所中断，与此同
时全球经济也遭受重挫。在
2011
年和
2013
年的《联合国人类发展指数报告》中，爱尔兰位列最发达国家第
七位。并且该国在国
家发展的其他几个指标方面表现突出，包括媒体自由、经济自由和公民自由方面。该国奉
行不结盟的中立外交政策。
2011
年，
爱尔兰人口为
4588252
人，
自
2006
年来增加了
8.2%
。
截止
2011
年，
6
爱尔兰的出生率为欧盟最高
（每千
人每年出生
16
名婴儿）
。
2012
年，
爱尔兰
35.1%
的新生儿为未婚女性所生。
在
2002
年到
2006
年这个阶段，
爱尔兰每年人
口增长率超过
2%
，
这归功于较高速度的自然人口增长和移民。
这个增长率在随后的
2006
年到
2011
年这个阶段稍微下降，
此阶
段的人口年增长率为
1.6%
。
在性别平等方面，
爱尔兰排名世界第五。
在
2011
年，
爱尔兰被评为欧洲最慈善国家第一名，
世界最慈善国家第二名。
在
1979
年
以前，
避孕措施在爱尔兰是受到管制的，
但罗马天主教
影响力的消退导致了爱尔兰社会越来越世俗化。
1983
年，
第八修正案承认了“未出生的婴儿的生命权”
，
其所具有的生命权资格与其妈妈的生命权资格是平等的。
第十三和
第十四修正案的通过确保了女性有在国外堕胎的权利以及学习“堕胎服务”的权利，这种服务在爱尔兰
是违法的，
但在国外是合法的。
1937
年宪法禁止离婚的规定在
1995
年通过的第十五修正案中被废止了。
与欧盟平均水平
相比，爱尔兰的离婚率十分的低，而爱尔兰的结婚率则稍稍高于欧盟平均水平。爱尔兰宪法禁止死刑 ，同时规
定基于年龄、性别、性取向、婚姻或家庭状况、宗教和种族方面的歧视是违法的
。爱尔兰在
2002
年开始对塑<
/p>
料购物袋开征环境税，
2004
年开始
在公共场所禁烟，
而这些举措在世界上均属首创。
资源循环利用
在爱尔兰开
展的很广泛，爱尔兰的包装循环利用率在欧盟位居第二。
“
No
conflict
or
confrontation”
is
the
prer
equisite
for
the
new
model
of
major-
country
relations
between
us.
According
to
some
study
of
history,
there
have
been
about
15
cases
of
rise
of
emerging
powers.
In
11
cases,
confrontation and war
broke out between the emerging and the established
powers. However, we now live in a different
world. China and the United States and
in fact all countries in the world are part of a
community of shared interests.
Countries are increasingly
interconnected. Neither of us will benefit from
confrontation. Warwill get
us nowhere.
“No
conflict
or
confrontation”
means
that
we
need
to
follow
the
trend
of
globalization,
reverse
negative
projections
of
China-US relations,
address strategic distrust and build confidence in
the future of China-
USrelations.
“Mutual respect”
is a basic principle
for this new model. We live in a world of rich
diversity. For China and the United States, two
major
countries different in social
system, history and culture yet connected by
intertwined interests, mutual respect is all the
more importan
t. Only by
respecting each other’s system and path chosen by
their people, as well as each other’s core
interests and concerns can we seek
common ground while reserving differences and, on
that basis, expand common
ground
and
dissolve
differences
so
that
C
hina
and
the
United
States
will
beabletolivetogetherinharmony.
“Win
-win
cooperation” is the only way to turn
the vision into a reality. There is an enormous
need and vast potential for bilateral
cooperation in allfields. Besides, the
world certainly needs Chinaand theUnited States,
two major countries with great
influence,
to
work
together
and
contribute
on
issues
ranging
from
counter
terrorism
to
cyber
security,
from
nuclear
non-
proliferation to climate
change, and from peace in the Middle East to
Africa’s
development. Win-win progress
is
only possible when both countries
are committed to growing cooperation. Moreover,
such win-win outcome should not
just be
beneficial to China and the United States, it
should also be beneficial
toallcountriesintheworld.
7
8
2015
年
5
月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级《笔译实务》试卷
Section 1: English-Chinese Translation
(50 points)
Translate the following
passage into Chinese.
For
generations, coal has been the lifeblood of this
mineral-rich stretch of eastern Utah. Mining
families proudly
recall all the years
they toiled underground. Supply companies line the
town streets. Above the road that winds toward
the mines, a soot-
smudged
miner peers out from a billboard with the slogan
“Coal = Jobs.”
But recently,
fear has settled in. The state’s
oldest
coal-fired power plant, tucked among the canyons
near town, is
set to close, a result of
new, stricter federal pollution regulations.
As
energy
companies
tack
away
from
coal,
toward
cleaner,
cheaper
natural
gas,
people
here
have
grown
increasingly afraid that their
community may soon slip away. Dozens of workers at
the facility here, the Carbon Power
Plant, have learned that they must
retire early or seek other jobs. Local trucking
and equipment outfits are preparing to
take business elsewhere.
“
Ther
e are a lot
of people worried,” said Kyle Davis, who has been
employed at the plant since he was 18. Mr.
Davis, 56, worked his way
up
from sweeping floors to managing operations at the
plant, whose furnaces have been
burning
since 1954. “I would have liked
to be here for another five years,” he
said. “I’m too young to retire.”
But Rocky Mountain Power, the utility
that operates the plant, has determined that it
would be too expensive to
retrofit the
aging plant to meet new federal standards on
mercury emissions. The plant is scheduled to be
shut by April
2015. “We had been
working for the better part of three years,
testing compliance strategies,” said David
Eskelsen, a
spokesman
for
the
utility.
“None
of
the
ones
we
investigated
really
would
produce
the
res
ults
that
would
meet
the
requirements.”
For
the
last
several
years,
coal
plants
have
been
shutting
down
across
the
country,
driven
by
tougher
environmental regulations, flattening
electricity demand and a move by utilities toward
natural gas. This month, the
board
of
directors
of
the
Tennessee
Valley
Authority,
the
country’s
largest
public
power
utility,
voted
to
shut
eight
coal-powered plants in
Alabama and Kentucky and partly replace them with
gas-fired power. Since 2010, more than
150 coal plants have been closed or
scheduled for retirement.
The
Environmental Protection Agency estimates that the
stricter emissions regulations for the plants will
result in
billions of dollars in
related health savings, and will have a sweeping
impact on air quality. In recent weeks, the agency
held 11 “listening sessions” around the
country in advance of proposing additional rules
for carbon dioxide emissions.
“
Coal plants are the single
largest source of dangerous carbon pollution in
the United States, and we have ready
al
ternatives like wind and
solar to replace them,” said Bruce Nilles,
director of the Sierra Club’s Beyond Coal
campaign,
which wants to shut all of
the nation’s coal plants.
For many here, coal jobs are all they
know. The industry united the area during hard
times, too, especially during
the
dark
days
after
nine
men
died
in
a
2007
mining
accident
some
35
miles
down
the
highway.
Virtually
everyone
around Price knew the men, six of whom
remain entombed in the mountainside. But there is
quiet acknowledgment that
Carbon County
will have to change
—
if not
now, soon.
Pete Palacios, who worked in
the mines for 43 years, has seen coal roar and
fade here. Now 86, his eyes grew
cloudy
as he recalled his first mining job. He was 12,
and earned $$1 a day. “I’m retired, so
I’ll be fine. But these young
guys?” Pete Palacios said, his voice
trailing off.
9
Section 2: Chinese-English Translation
(50 points)
Translate the following
passage into English.
天柱县位于贵州省东部，是川渝黔通两广、江浙的重要门户，素有“黔东第一关”
、
“中国重晶石之乡
”
、
“
贵州
高原黄金城
”
之称。
天柱县总面积
2201
平方公里，辖
16
个乡镇，
326
个行政村，总人口
41
万余人，以侗、苗族为主的少
数民族人口占
98.3%
。是贵州省少数民族比例最多的县份之一。
天柱蕴藏着丰富的自然资源。气候温和，土壤肥沃，是贵州重要粮食生产基
地，享有“黔东粮仓”的美誉。
当地年产烟叶
2.6
万担（一担
=50
公斤）
，是中国烟叶主产区。这里林业资源丰富，森林面积达
185
万亩（一
亩
=1/15
公顷）
，覆盖率达
< br>56%
，是贵州十大林业基地县之一。重晶石、黄金、煤等矿产资源也十分丰富。
天柱乘西部大开发的东风，迅速崛起。全县国民经济稳步发展
，综合实力日益增长，人民生活水平在不断
提高，产业结构调整日趋优化，基础设施建设
得以加强，城镇面貌日新月异。
“
生态环境优美，文化教育优越
，
综合服务优化，人居条件优良，经济充满活力
”
的新天柱呈现在世人面前。
卡本县
位于犹他州东部矿产丰富的地区，煤炭世代都是其生命线。每每回忆起在地下挖煤的艰苦岁月时，
矿工家庭都觉得无比自豪。小镇街上的煤炭供应公司一家挨着一家。在蜿蜒通向矿区的道路上有一块广告
牌，
上面写着“煤炭等于工作”的标语，广告牌上一位满脸煤灰的矿工目光向外凝视。但
最近，恐慌情况蔓延。卡本
电厂是犹他州历史最悠久的煤电厂，它坐落于小镇附近的峡谷
之中，不过由于更为严格的联邦政府污染防治新
法规的出台，它就被关闭。随着能源公司
都摒弃煤炭转而使用更加清洁和更加廉价的天然气，这里的人越来越
担心他们的家园将很
快就会消失掉。
数十位在卡本电厂工作的员工已经得知，
他们必
须提前退休或者另谋职业。
自
18
岁起就一直在这家电厂工作凯尔·戴维斯说：
“许多人现在都忧
心忡忡。
”现年
56
岁的戴维斯先生在该公司
从清扫工人一路做到管理岗位，而这家电厂的燃煤炉
自
1954
年来就没停止运行过。
他说道：
“我本想在公司再
干五年的，毕竟现在我还年轻，退休
还早。
”但是负责运营卡本电厂的落基山电力公司已断定，如果为达到汞排
放的联邦标准而对日渐老化的卡本进行翻新的话，
代价将非常巨大，
因而此举不可行。
卡本电厂计划于
2015
年
10
4
月关闭。落基山电力公司的发言人大卫·艾斯克森说：
“在过去三年的大部分时间里，我
们都在尝试各种办法来
满足新规定的要求，但在我们所尝试的办法中，没有一种办法的结
果能满足要求。
”过去几年里，由于环保法规
更加严格、电力需
求不断下降以及电力公用企业转而使用天然气，全国各地的燃煤电厂纷纷关闭。本月，美国
最大的公共电力公司——田纳西河流域管理局董事会投票决定关闭位于阿拉巴马州和肯塔基州的八家燃煤发电<
/p>
厂并将其中一些电厂升级为燃气发电厂。
自
2010
年以来，
有
150
多家燃煤电厂已经关闭或即将退役。
< br>美国国
家环保局预计，对燃煤电厂实施更加严格的排放法规可节省数十亿美元的医
疗开支，并且对空气质量产生深远
影响。
最近几周，
在没拟定二氧化碳排放的补充条例之前，
国家环保局已在全国范围内举行了
11
次“听证会”
。
“在
美国，燃煤电厂是危险的碳污染的最大单一来源
。我们有现成的替代物来替代它们，比如风能和太阳能，
”布鲁
斯·奈尔斯说道。他是山峦俱乐部（美国一环保组织）发起的“不用煤炭”运动的负责人，该运动希望关闭美国所
有的燃煤电厂。对于这里的很多人而言，他们所知道的只有煤炭开采工作。煤炭行业也能
在艰难时期将该地区
团结起来，
尤其是在
2007
年造成
9
人死亡的矿难事件后的黑暗时期，
那次矿难就发生在那条高速公路往前
35
< br>英里的地方。普赖斯附近的所有人几乎都认识遇难者，其中有六名遇难者至今仍埋葬在山腰处。但是卡本县 不
得不转型，每个人对此都心照不宣——即便不是现在，那也是很快的事情。在煤矿工作
了
43
年的皮特·帕拉斯
奥斯见证了煤炭行业的兴衰。如今
86
岁高龄的老爷子每当回忆起第一份挖煤工作时都会泪眼婆娑。那时候他
才
12
岁，
每天都有一美元的工资。
“我现在退休了，
可以安度晚年。
但那些年轻的小伙子怎么办？”老爷子说道，
声音渐渐消失。<
/p>
汉译英
Located in the east of Guizhou, Tianzhu
County is an important gateway from Sichuan,
Chongqing and Guizhou
to
Guangxi,
Guangdong,
Jiangsu
and
Zh
ejiang.
It
is
known
to
the
world
as
the
“First
Pass
in
EasternGuizhou”,
a“LandofBarite
inChina”anda“
GoldCountyontheGuizhouPlateau”.
With
a
total
area
of
2,201
square
kilometers,
Tianzhu County
is composed of 16 townships and 326 administrative
villages. Ethnic minorities, predominantly Dong
andMiao, constitute 98.3% of the local
population of more than 410 thousand. It is one of
the counties with the highest
concentration
of
ethnic
minorities
in
Guizhou.
Tianzhu
boasts
abundant
natural
resources.
Endowed
with
moderate
climate
and
fertile
soil,
it
is
a
major
grain
production
base
in
Guizhou
and
is
crowned
as
the
“Breadbasket
in
East
Guizhou”. It isalso a
major
tobacco leaf producer in China
with an annual output of 26 thousand dans (one
dan=50
kilograms). Furthermore, the
extensive forests in the county cover anarea of
1.85million mus (one mu=1/15 hectare),56%
of the county’s total area. Besides
being one of the ten large
st county-
level bases of forest resources in Guizhou, it
also
abounds
in
barite,gold,
coal
andothermineralresources.
Benefiting
from
the
country’s
“go
west
”
campaign,
Tianzhu
County has entered into a fast track of
development. Many encouraging changes in
comprehensive strengths have taken
11
place in Tianzhu: steady
economic growth, improvement of
the
people’s livelihood, adjustment and optimization
of the
industrial
structure,
as
well as
infrastructure
today
Tianzhu
is
presenting
a
new
image
featuring a
sound
ecological
environment,
developed
culture
and
education,
improved
comprehensive
services
and
habitat
conditions, as well asamore
vibranteconomy totheworld.
12
2014
年
11
月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级《笔译实务》试卷
Section 1: English-Chinese Translation
(50 points)
Translate the following
passage into Chinese.
It
sounds so promising. A network of dedicated cycle
routes running through a city with air pumps to
fix flat tires,
footrests to lean on
while taking breaks and trash cans that are
specially angled so you can throw in empty water
bottles
without stopping.
Best of all, you can cycle on those
routes for long distances without having to make
way for cars and trucks at
junctions
and
traffic
lights,
according
to
the
official
description
of
the
Cycle
Super
Highways,
which
are
under
construction here as part of the Danish
capital’s efforts t
o become carbon-
neutral by 2025.
Are they as good as
they sound? These days it is hard to find a big
city that doesn’t make grandiose claims to
encourage
cycling,
and
harder
still
to
find
one
that
fulfills
them.
Redesigning
congested
traffic
systems
to
add
bike
lanes
to
overcrowded
roads
is
fiendishly
difficult,
especially
in
historic
cities
with
narrow
cobbled
streets
like
Copenhagen. But as its cycling program
sounds so ambitious, I went there to try it.
Maybe I’d be less cynical if I lived in
Amsterdam,
Cologne or any other city
with decent cycling facilities, but as a
Londoner,
I’ve
learned
the
hard
way
to
be
suspicious
whenever
politicians
promise
to
do
anything
bike
-friendly.
London’s
mayor,
Boris
Johnson,
is
a
keen
cyclist,
who
issues
policy
papers
with
auspicious
titles
like
“Cycling
Revolution” and has continued his
predecessor’s biking program by introducing a
cycle
-rental project and building new
bike lanes.
So far so good,
you may think, unless you have braved the
potholes, parked trucks and construction debris
that
obstruct those lanes, many of
which appear to have been designed by someone who
has never seen a bicycle, let alone
ridden one. London cyclists swap horror
stories of dysfunctional cycle routes that end
without warning or maroon them
on
the
wrong
side
of
the
road,
though
few
can
be
more
perilous
than
a
new
lane on Bethnal Green Road,
which
is
blocked
by a streetlight
—
anyone
rash enough to use the lane has to brake sharply
to avoid crashing into it.
Luckily for
Copenhagen’s cyclists, th
eir system has
been more thoughtfully designed. The capital is a
compact,
reasonably flat city that is
naturally bike-friendly, and even its old cycle
routes are wider and better maintained than
London’s. More than a third of
Copenhageners already bike to
work or
school, mainly on short journeys of an average
of five kilometers, or three miles. The
city’s traffic planners hope to encourage people
to cycle for longer distances by
creating the cycling equivalent of
freeways, which will provide fast, direct routes
of up to 22 kilometers into the center.
A total of 28 highways are planned,
providing 495 kilometers of dedicated bike tracks.
The first one from the western
suburb
of Albertslund opened in April 2012, followed a
year by the second, from Farum, northwest of the
city.
What
are
the
Super
Highways
like?
Judging
by
my
experience
of
the
Farum
route,
they’re
great.
Impressive
though the air
pumps, footrests and angled trash cans are, the
biggest thrill was pedaling through the “green
waves” of
uninterrupted green traffic
lights, which have been programmed to prioritize
cyclists over cars.
It was also
cheering to see bikers chatting while cycling two
or three abreast in “Conversation Lanes.” Like
most
urban bikers, I usually value the
practical benefits of cycling, as a speedy means
of transport and convenient form of
exercise, but the Farum route made it
as pleasurable as zipping along empty country
lanes. The planners hope the full
network will eventually encourage a 30
percent increase in cycling among
Copen
hagen’s commuters,
which would be hugely beneficial in terms of
reducing the city’s CO2 emissions and
health care costs.
Section 2:
Chinese-English Translation (50 points)
Translate the following passage into
English.
13
能源安全同世界经济的稳定发展和各国人民的福祉息息相关。
在当前国际金融危机背景下，维护全球能源
安全对有效应对国际金融危机冲击、推动世界
经济全面复苏和长远发展具有重要意义。
国际社会应树立互利
合作、多元发展、协同保障的新能源安全观，共同稳定能源等大宗商品价格、防止过
度投
机和炒作，保障各国特别是发展中国家能源需求，维护能源市场正常秩序。同时，各国应改善能源结构，
加强先进能源技术的研发和推广，大力发展清洁和可再生能源，在相关领域积极开展国际合作。<
/p>
中国政府高度重视能源和能源安全问题。在解决中国的能源问题
上，始终坚持节约优先、立足国内、多元
发展、保护环境的原则，加强国际互利合作，大
力改善和调整能源结构，努力构筑稳定、经济、清洁、安全的
能源供应体系。中国愿与世
界各国一道共同努力，建立起能源合作长效机制，为保障全球能源安全、应对气候
变化做
出应有的贡献。
答案
这听起来很不错：建设一个贯穿城市的自行车专用道路网，每条专用道设有气泵来给没气的车胎充气，
脚
凳以供骑车者休息时放脚，以及呈特定角度放置的垃圾桶来让骑车者不用停车就能扔放
空水瓶。最重要的是，
根据正在建设中的“骑行超级公路”的官方介绍，你能在这些专用
道上长距离骑行而不用在十字路口或红绿灯时
给汽车和卡车让道。
“骑行超级高速”项目是丹麦首都哥本哈根为实现到
2025
年成为碳中和城市这一目标所做
的努力之一。这些自行车专用道真像听起来那么好么？近来，很难找到一个没大张旗鼓地宣称要鼓励骑车出行
的大城市，而要找到一个将这种豪言壮语付诸实践的城市就更难了。重新设计拥堵的交通
体系来给拥挤的道路
上增设自行车专用道是及其困难的，特别是在诸如哥本哈根这样的历
史名城，因为它们的道路都是窄窄的鹅卵
石道路。但鉴于哥本哈根自行车出行计划听起来
如此高大上，我就去体验了把。如果我是住在阿姆斯特丹、科
隆或其他有完善的自行车出
行配套设施的城市，或许我就不会成为一个疑邻盗斧之人了。但作为一个伦敦人，
我已经
切身体会到了这样一点：无论什么时候政客们承诺实施有益于骑车出行的计划，你都要先打个大大的问
号。伦敦市长鲍里斯·约翰逊热衷骑车出行。他发布了许多标题很吉利的政策白皮书，如“骑车出行 革命”这个标
题，
并且通过推出自行车租赁计划和建设新的自行
车道，
他把前任市长的骑车出行计划又推进一步。
你会觉得，<
/p>
目前来看还不错，除非你作死非要在有坑洞或被停放的车辆和建筑残料堵塞的自行车道上骑
行。许多这些自行
14
车道似乎是
从来没看过自行车的蠢货设计的，更别提那些坑坑洼洼的自行车道了。伦敦的骑车出行者常相互吐
槽自己在这些不完善的车道上骑车的可怕经历，有的车道前面没路了也不立个警示牌，有的车道你骑错了
方向
就死也找不到转弯调换骑行方向的地方。
不过这些自行车道
都还没贝斯纳绿色公路上那个新建的自行车道危险，
因为这个车道中间居然立有一个路灯
——那些急不可耐要去使用该车道的骑行者得紧急刹车才能避免撞上路灯。
对哥本哈根骑
车出行者来说幸运的是，他们的自行车道系统设计更加周到。哥本哈根很小，道路很平坦，天然
< br>适合骑车出行，并且即便是该市老的自行车道也都比伦敦的自行车道要宽且保养更好。现在超过三分之一的 哥
本哈根市民骑车上班或上学，主要都是短距离骑行，里程平均在
5
公里，约
3
英里。
“超级高速”到底是长啥样？根据我在法鲁姆超级骑行路线上的体验，
这些高速自行车道
真是太棒了。
气泵、
脚凳和有角度的垃圾桶让人印象深刻，不过
最大的惊喜还是一路不间断绿灯骑行的快感，这些绿灯的设计就是
给骑行者优先于汽车的
特权。
在“唠嗑车道”
，
并排骑行的两
个或三个骑行者可以边骑车边唠嗑，
这也太让人赞了！
和其他大
多数城市骑车出行者一样，我通常看重骑行的实际好处，它可以作为快速的交通方式和一种便捷的锻
炼方式，但是法鲁姆超级骑行路线让骑行变得很让人享受，那赶脚就如同在乡间空旷车道上呼啸飞驰。
“骑行超
级高速”的规划者们希望这个自行车专用道路网最终能
让哥本哈根通勤者中选择骑车出行的人增加
30%
，这将
对哥本哈根削减二氧化碳排放量和医疗开支有巨大的好处。
汉译英
官方版译文：
“
No
conflict
or
confrontation”
is
the
prerequisite
for
the
new
model
of
major
-country
relations
between
us.
According
to
some
study
of
history,
there
have
been
about
15
cases
of
rise
of
emerging
powers.
In
11
cases,
confrontation and war
broke out between the emerging and the established
powers. However, we now live in a different
world. China and the United States and
in fact all countries in the world are part of a
community of shared interests.
Countries are increasingly
interconnected. Neither of us will benefit from
confrontation. War will get us nowhere. “No
conflict
or
confrontation”
means
that
we
need
to
follow
the
t
rend
of
globalization,
reverse
negative
projections
of
China-US relations,
address strategic distrust and build confidence in
the future of China-
USrelations.
“Mutual respect”
is a basic principle
for this new model. We live in a world of rich
diversity. For China and the United States, two
major
countries different in social
system, history and culture yet connected by
intertwined interests, mutual respect is all the
more important. Only by respecting each
other’s system and path chosen by their people,
as
well as each other’s core
interests and concerns can we seek
common ground while reserving differences and, on
that basis, expand common
ground
and
dissolve
differences
so
that
China
and
the
United
Stateswill
beabletolivetogether
inharmony.
“Win
-win
coope
ration” is the only way
to turn the vision into a reality. There is an
enormous need and vast potential for bilateral
cooperation in all fields. Besides, the
world certainly needs China and the United States,
two major countries with great
15
influence,
to
work
together
and
contribute
on
issues
ranging
from
counter
terrorism
to
cyber
security,
from
nuclear
non-
proliferation to climate
change, and from peace in the Middle East to
Africa’s development. Win
-win progress
is
only possible when both countries
are committed to growing cooperation. Moreover,
such win-win outcome should not
just be
beneficial to China and the United States, it
should also be beneficialtoallcountriesintheworld.
16
2014
年
5
月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级《笔译实务》试卷
Section 1: English-Chinese Translation
(50 points)
Translate the following
passage into Chinese.
As icebergs in the Kayak Harbor pop and
hiss while melting away,this remote Arctic town
and its culture are also
disappearing
in a changing climate.
Narsaq’s largest
employer, a shrimp factory,
closed a
few years ago after the crustaceans fled north to
cooler water.
Where once there were
eight commercial fishing vessels, there is now
one.
As
a
result,
the
population
here,
one
of
southern
Greenland’s
major
towns,
has
been
halved
to
1,500
in
just
a
decade.
Suicides are up.
“
Fishing
is
the
heart
of
this
town,”
said
Hans
Kaspersen,
63,
a
fisherman.
“Lots
of
people
have
lost
their
livelihoods.”
But
even as warming temperatures are upending
traditional Greenlandic life, they are also
offering up intriguing
new
opportunities for this state of 57,000
—
perhaps nowhere more so
than here in Narsaq.
Vast new deposits
of minerals and gems are being discovered as
Greenland’s massive ice cap recedes, forming the
basis of a potentially lucrative mining
industry.
One of the world’s largest
deposits of rare earth metals —
essential for manufacturing cellphones, wind
turbines
and electric cars
—
sits just outside Narsaq.
This could be momentous for Greenland,
which has long relied on half a billion dollars a
year in welfare payments
from Denmark,
its parent state. Mining profits could help
Greenland become economically self-sufficient and
render it
the first sovereign nation
created by global warming.
“
One of our goals is to
obtain independence,” said Vittus
Qujaukits
oq, a prominent labor union
leader.
But the rapid transition from a
society of individual fishermen and hunters to an
economy supported by corporate
mining
raises difficult questions. How would Greenland’s
insular settlements tolerate an influx of
thousand
s of Polish
or
Chinese
construction
workers,
as
has
been
proposed?
Will
mining
despoil
a
natural
environment
essential
to
Greenland’s
national
identity
—
the
whales
and
seals,
the
silent
icy
fjords,
and
mythic
polar
bears?
Can
fisherman
reinvent
themselves as miners?
“
I
think mining will be the future, but this is a
difficult phase,” said Jens B. Frederiksen,
Greenland’s housing and
infrastructure
minister and a deputy premier. “It’s a plan that
not everyone wants. It’s about traditions, the
freedom of a
bo
at, family
professions.”
The
Arctic
is
warming
even
faster
than
other
parts
of
the
planet,
and
the
rapidly
melting
ice
is
causing
alarm
among scientists about sea-level rise.
In northeastern Greenland, average yearly
temperature have risen
4.5 degrees in
the past 15 years, and scientists predict the area
could warm by 14 to 21 degrees by the end of the
century.
Already, winter
pack ice that covers the fjords is no longer
stable enough for dog sledding and snowmobile
traffic
in many areas. Winter fishing,
essential to feeding families, is becoming
hazardous or impossible.
It has long
been known that Greenland sat upon vast mineral
lodes, and the Danish government has mapped them
intermittently
for
decades.
Niels
Bohr,
Denmark’s
Nobel
Prize
-winning
nuclear
physicist
and
a
member
of
the
Manhattan
Project, visited Narsaq in 1957 because of its
uranium deposits.
But previous attempts
at mining mostly failed, proving too expensive in
the inclement conditions. Now, warming
has altered the equation.
Greenland’s
Burea
u
of
Minerals
and
Petroleum,
charged
with
managing
the
boom,
currently
has
150
active
17
licenses
for
mineral
exploration,
up
from
20
a
decade
ago.
Altogether,
companies
spent
$$100
million
exploring
Greenland’s deposits last year, and
several are applying for
licenses to
begin construction on new mines, bearing gold,
iron and zinc and rare earths. There
are also foreign companies exploring for offshore
oil.
Section 2: Chinese-English Translation
(50 points)
Translate the following
passage into English.
中华民族历经磨难，自强不息，从未放弃对美好梦想的向往和追求。实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国
梦是近
代以来中华民族的夙愿。
在新
的历史时期，中国梦的本质是国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福。我们的奋斗目标是，到
2020
年国内生产总值和城乡居民人均收入在
2010
年基础上翻一番，全面建成小康社会。到本世纪中叶
，建成
富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家，实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦。
实现中国梦，必须坚持中国特色社会主义道路。我们已经在这条道
路上走了
30
多年，历史证明，这
是一
条符合中国国情、富民强国的正确道路，我们将坚定不移地沿着这条道路走下去。<
/p>
实现中国梦，必须弘扬中国精神。用以爱国主义为核心的民族精
神和以改革创新为核心的时代精神振奋起
全民族的
“
精气神
”
。
实现中国梦，必须凝聚中国力量。空谈误国，实干兴邦。我们要用
13
亿中国人的智慧和力量，一代又一
代中国人不懈努力，把我们的国家建设好，把我们的民族发展好。
< br>实现中国梦，必须坚持和平发展。我们将始终不渝走和平发展道路，始终不渝奉行互利共赢的开放战略，< /p>
不仅致力于中国自身发展，也强调对世界的责任和贡献；不仅造福中国人民，而且造福世界
人民。实现中国梦
给世界带来的是和平，不是动荡；是机遇，不是威胁。
答案
格陵
兰岛纳萨克——随着皮艇港的冰山在融化过程中发出嘶嘶的响声，这座偏远的北极小镇和它的文化，
18
也正在随着气候变化而消失。纳萨克最大的
用工企业，一家虾厂，几年前倒闭了，原因是虾蟹都逃往了北方更
寒冷的水域。这里曾一
度有八艘商业捕鱼船，现在只剩一艘了。因此，作为格陵兰岛南部主要城镇之一，纳萨
克
的人口在短短十年中降至
1500
人，减少了一半。自杀率也出现上升。
“捕鱼是这个小镇的核心。
”今年
63
岁
< br>的渔民汉斯·卡斯佩森说，
“很多人失去了生计。
”尽管
逐渐升高的气温正在颠覆着格陵兰人传统的生活方式，但是
气温升高也为这个只有
5.7
万人的国家提供了有趣的新机遇，
这种机遇在纳萨克可能最为明显。随着格陵兰岛
广袤的冰盖逐渐消融，人们发现了储量丰
富的新矿产和宝石，这为潜在利润巨大的采矿业奠定了基础。全球最
大的稀土金属矿藏就
坐落在纳萨克城外不远处，稀土金属在生产手机、风力涡轮机和电动汽车时必不可少。对
格陵兰岛而言，
这可能具有重大意义。
很长时间以来，
格陵兰岛一直依赖其母国丹麦每年拨付的
5
亿美元资金
支持维持运行。采矿利润可能会帮助格陵兰岛实现经
济上的自给自足，成为第一个因全球变暖而成立的主权国
家。知名工会领袖维图斯·奎奥
基茨克说，
“我们的目标之一是取得独立。
”然而，把一个由个
体渔民和猎人组成的
社会，迅速转变为由企业采矿支撑的经济体，也引发了一些难题。比
如，格陵兰岛上与世隔绝的定居点，如何
承受计划招徕的数千名波兰或中国建筑工人？采
矿是否会破坏格陵兰岛的国家形象（鲸、海豹、寂静的冰川海
湾，
以及神秘的北极熊）
所不可或缺的自然环境？渔民们能够把自身重塑成矿工吗？“我认
为采矿就是我们的未
来，但现在是一个艰难的阶段。
”格陵兰住
房与基础设施部长、副总理延斯·
B
·佛雷德利克森说，
“这并不是一个所
有人都赞成的计划，它会涉及传统、驾船的自由，以
及代代相传的职业。
”北极变暖的速度比地球上其他任何地
方都
快，而迅速融化的冰川引起了科学家对海平面上升的警觉。过去
15
年中，格陵兰岛东北部的年均气温上
升了
4.5
度。而科学家预测，到本世纪末，该地区气温会升高
14
至
21
度。在很多地区，冬季覆盖在峡湾里
的浮冰已经不够稳固，狗拉雪橇和摩托雪橇都无法通行了。冬季捕鱼是为很多家庭提供食物的重要手段，但现
在却变得很危险，甚至不可能了。格陵兰岛地下蕴藏着巨大的矿藏这一点久为人知。几十
年来，丹麦政府已经
断断续续地绘制了这些矿藏的分布图。参与过曼哈顿计划的丹麦核物
理学家、诺贝尔奖得主尼尔斯·玻尔曾在
1957
年造访纳萨克，
原因是这里有铀矿藏。然而，
之
前的开采尝试几乎都失败了，
事实证明在严酷的环境下采
矿，成
本过于高昂。如今，气候变暖让这个等式发生了变化。负责对开发热潮进行管理的格陵兰矿产与石油管
理局目前发放的有效的矿产勘探许可证有
150
份，而十年前仅为
20
份。去年，各企业总计投入了
1 <
/p>
亿美元
用于勘探格陵兰岛的矿藏。有几家公司正在申请在新矿藏进
行建设的许可证。这些新矿蕴藏着金、铁、锌和稀
19
土。也有一些外国公司在勘探近海石油。
汉译英
官方译文：
With great
tenacity, the Chinese nation has emerged resilient
from trials and tribulations. It has never given
up its
pursuit
of
great
dreams.
The
great
renewal
of
the
Chinese
nation
has
been
a
long-cherished
dream
of
the
Chinesenationsincemoderntimes.
In
this
new
historical
era,
the
Chinese
dream
that
we
are
pursuing
is
about
three
things:
economic
prosperity,
national
renewal, and happiness of the Chinese people. We
have two goals: First, to double the 2010 GDPand
per capita
income of both urban and
rural residents and finish the building of a
moderately prosperous society in all respects by
,
to
build
a
modern
socialist
country
that
is
strong,
prosperous,
democratic,
culturally
advanced
and
harmonious and fulfill
the Chinese dream of achieving the great renewal
of the Chinese nation by mid-21stcentury.
To
realize
the
Chinese
dream,
we
must
stay
on
the
path
of
socialism
with
Chinese
characteristics.
We
have
beenonthis
pathfor
over
30years.
History
hasproven
it
to
be
theright
path
that
suits
China’s
national
conditions,
bringingaboutprosperitytoChinaandits
continuetoadvancealongthispath.
To
realize
the
Chinese
dream,
we
must
promote
the
Chinese
spirit.
We
need
to
boost
the
morale
of
the
whole
nationwiththepatriotism-
imbuednationalspirit
andcallofthetime,namely,reformandinnovation.
To realize the Chinese
dream, we must pool the strength of the whole
talk is harmful to the nation,
while
doing practical work will make it thrive. With the
wisdom and strength of the 1.3 billion Chinese and
through the
unremitting efforts of
generations of the Chinese people, we will make
China strong and the Chinesenationprosperous.
TorealizetheChinesedream,wemustpursuepeacef
ul development.
Wewill
unwaveringlyfollowthepath
ofpeacefuldevelopmentandthewin-win
bothpursueChina’sdevelopmentand
liveuptoourresponsibilities
andmake
workforthecommongood
of
alized,theChinesedreamwill
bringpeaceand opportunities
totheworld,notturbulenceorthreat.
20
2013
年
11
月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级《笔译实务》试卷
Section 1: English-Chinese Translation
(50 points)
Translate the following
passage into Chinese.
Stroll through the
farmers’
market and you will hear a plethora of languages
and see a rainbow of faces. Drive
down
Canyon Road and stop for halal meat or Filipino
pork belly at adjacent markets. Along the highway,
browse the
aisles of a giant Asian
supermarket stocking fresh napa cabbage and mizuna
or fresh kimchi. Head toward downtown
and you’ll see loncheras —
taco trucks
—
on
street corners and hear Spanish bandamusic. On the
city’s northern edge,
you can sample
Indian chaat.
Welcome to Beaverton, a
Portland suburb that i
s home to
Oregon’s fastest growing immigrant population.
Once a
rural
community,
Beaverton,
population
87,000,
is
now
the
sixth
largest
city
in
Oregon
—
with
immigration
rates
higher than those of Portland, Oregon’s
largest city.
Best known as
the world headquarters for athletic shoe company
Nike, Beaverton has changed dramatically over
the
past
40
years.
Settled
by
immigrants
from
northern
Europe
in
the
19th
century,
today
it
is
a
place
where
80
languages from Albanian to Urdu are
spoken in the public schools and about 30 percent
of students speak a language
besides
English, according to English as a Second Language
program director Wei Wei Lou.
Beaverton’s wave of new residents began
arriving in the 1960s, with Koreans and Tejanos
(Texans of Mexican
origin
),
who were the first permanent Latinos. In 1960,
Beaverton’s population of Latinos and Asians was
less than 0.3
percent.
By
2000,
Beaverton
had
proportionately
more
Asian
and
Hispanic
residents
than
the
Portland
metro
area.
Today, Asians comprise 10
perce
nt and Hispanics 11 percent of
Beaverton’s population.
Mayor Denny Doyle says that many in
Beaverton view the immigrants who are rapidly
reshaping Beaverton as a
source of
enrichment. “Citizens here especially in the arts
and culture community think it’s
f
antastic that we have all
these different possibilities here,” he
says.
Gloria Vargas, 50, a
Salvadoran immigrant, owns a popular small
restaurant, Gloria’s Secret Café, in downtown
Beaverton. “I love Beaverton,” she
says. “I feel like I belong here.” Her
mother moved her to Los Angeles as a
teenager
in 1973, and she moved Oregon
in 1979. She landed a coveted vendor spot in the
Beaverton Farmers Market in 1999.
Now
in addition to running her restaurant, she has one
of the most popular stalls there, selling up to
200 Salvadoran
tamales
—
wrapped in banana leaves
rather than corn husks
—
each Saturday. “Once they buy my food,
they always
come back for more,” she
says.
“
It’s
pretty
relaxed
here,”
says
Taj
Suleyman,
28,
born
and
raised
in
Lebanon,
and
recently
t
ransplanted
to
Beaverton
to
start
a
job
working
with
immigrants
from
many
countries.
Half
Middle
Eastern
and
half
African,
Suleyman
says
he
was
attracted
to
Beaverton
specifically
because
of
its
diversity.
He
serves
on
a
city-sponsored
Diversity
Task Force set up by Mayor Doyle.
Mohammed Haque, originally from
Bangladesh, finds Beaverton very welcoming. His
daughter, he boasts, was
even elected
her high school’s homecoming queen.
South
Asians
such
as
Haque
have
transformed
Bethany,
a
neighborhood
north
of
Beaverton.
It
is
dense
with
immigrants from Gujarat, a state in
India and primary source for the first wave of
Beaverton’s South Asian immigrants.
The first wave of South
Asian immigrants to Beaverton, mostly Gujaratis
from
India, arrived
in the
1960s and
1970s, when the motel and
hotel industry was booming. Many bought small
hotels and originally settled in Portland,
and then relocated to Beaverton for
better schools and bigger yards. The second wave
of South Asians arrived during
the
high-tech boom of the 1980s, when the software
industry, and Intel and Tektronix, really took
off.
21
Section 2:
Chinese-English Translation (50 points)
Translate the following passage into
English.
中国是一个发
展中国家，
中国的人权状况正处于不断发展和完善之中。
中国政
府高度重视尊重和保障人权，
将采取有力措施，不断推动中国人权事业的发展，提高全国
人民享受人权和基本自由的水平。随着中国经济平
稳较快发展，
人民的生存权和发展权得到了较大的改善。
城乡居民收入不断增长，
人民总体生活水平不断提高，
城乡居民住房条件和居住环境也得到改观。中国政府采
取了有利措施帮助
农村贫困人口脱贫。中国的扶贫成就证明人
类消除贫困并不是遥不可及的目标。中国政府高度重视提高人
民的健康水平，维护其环境
权益。为保障人民的健康安全，国家制订了一系列法规，并采取了有力措施打击环
境违法
行为，使一些地区的环境质量得到了明显的改善。目前，中国人民的健康总体水平已经超过中等收入国
家的平均水平，处于发展中国家前列。
漫步走过农贸市场，你会听到各种语言，见到各式各样的面孔
。沿峡谷路开下去，在邻近的各种市场，你可以
买到清真食品或菲律宾五花猪肉。在高速
公路两旁，逛逛巨大的亚裔超市，其中陈列着新鲜的中国大白菜和京
都水菜或者新鲜的韩
国泡菜。向着市区开去，在街角会看到卖墨西哥煎玉米卷的卡车，听到西班牙风格的班达
音乐。在城市的北边，你则可以品尝到印度菜。
欢迎来到波特兰市郊的比弗顿！这里有着俄勒冈州增长最快的移民群体。人口
87000
的比弗顿，一度是个农业
区，如今成为俄勒冈第六
大城市——而且移民比例高于俄勒冈州最大城市波特兰。
<
/p>
比弗顿最为人知的是，
它是耐克运动鞋公司全球总部所在地。
过去
40
年来这里发生了巨大变化。
据英语作第二
语言项目主管罗未未说，比弗顿在十九世纪的定居者是北
欧移民，现在公立学校学生中讲从阿尔巴尼亚语到乌
尔都语的
8
0
种语言，大约
30%
的学生会使用英
语以外的一种语言。
比弗顿在
1960
年代迎来第一波新居民潮，
先是韩
国人和提加洛人
（原籍墨西哥的德克萨斯人）
——后者是第一<
/p>
批拉美裔永久居民。
1960
年，比弗顿
的拉美裔和亚裔人口不到
0.3%
。到
2000
年，比弗顿的亚裔和拉美裔人口
比例超过波特兰都市区
。今天，亚裔占比弗顿人口的
10%
，拉美裔占
11%
。
市长丹尼·道尔说，在比弗顿的许多人看来，迅速重塑比弗顿的移民让生活变得丰富。他说：
“这里的市民，特
别艺术和文化圈人士，认为此地拥有种种不同的可能性，
实在非常美妙。
”
现年
50
岁的格洛丽亚·
巴尔
加斯是萨尔瓦多移民，
在比弗顿市区拥有一家生意红火的小餐馆——格洛丽亚秘密
餐馆。她说：
“我爱比弗顿。我感到我属于这里。
”
1973
年，在她十来岁时，母亲把她带到洛杉矶，她在
1979
年搬到比弗顿。
1999
年，她在比弗顿农贸市场拿到一个令人垂涎的摊位。现在除了打理餐馆以外，她在那里有
一个最受欢迎的小摊，
每个星期六卖出多达
200
份萨尔瓦多玉米粉蒸肉——用香蕉叶而不是玉米皮包装。
她说：
“他们一旦买过我的食品，总会再回头。
”
22
28
岁的泰基·苏雷曼在黎巴嫩出生长大，近期迁到比弗顿，开始为来自许多
国家的移民服务。他说：
“这里的
气氛很轻松。
”苏雷曼有一半中东血统，一半非洲血统。他说，比弗顿的多元化对他特别有吸引力。他在道尔市
长设立由市府赞助的多元特别工作组供职。
原籍孟加拉的穆罕默德·哈克，感觉比弗顿很欢迎外来者。他自豪地说，他的女儿甚至当
选为所就读高中的返
校节皇后。
<
/p>
哈克和一批南亚人则改变了比弗顿北边的贝瑟尼社区的面貌。这个区住着很多来自印度古吉
拉特邦的移民，比
弗顿第一波南亚移民主要来自那里。
在
1960
和
1970
年代汽车旅馆和旅馆业兴盛时期，第一波南亚移民到
达比弗顿，他们主要来自印度的古吉拉特
邦。许多人买下小旅馆，起初在波特兰安家，后
来搬到比弗顿寻求更好的学校和更大的院子。第二波南亚移民
在
1980
年代的高科技繁荣期到来，当时软件业和英特尔及泰克欣欣向荣。
市中心附近一家占地
3
0000
平方英尺的超市宇和岛屋成为比弗顿亚裔居民的汇聚地。曾任宇和岛屋特别活动
协
调人的伯尼·卡佩尔说，每天都有许多人来购买新鲜农产品。不过她说，宇和岛屋最大
的购物群体是白人。
弗顿的亚裔人
口当中有相当数量的韩国人，他们在
1960
年代后期和
1970
年代早期开始搬到这里。
比据
1978
年来比弗顿定居的韩国人特德·
钟说，
他这样的韩国移民有三
个特点：
一搬到比弗顿他们便加入基督
教会——经常是卫理教会
或长老教会，以此作为聚集地；他们督促孩子在学校取得优异成绩；他们行事低调。
钟说他和其他韩国移民作为小企业主辛勤工作，经营食品店、
干洗店、洗衣房、熟食店和寿司店，并且为能供
孩子上一流大学而生活节俭。
最近，中南美洲移民以及伊拉克和索马里难民
也加入了比弗顿社群。
比弗顿有很多组织为移民提供帮助。
比弗顿资源中心帮助所有移民获得医疗和语言服务。
索马里家庭
教育中心帮助索马里和其他非洲难民安家落户。
比弗顿的一所小学甚至提出“缝合”设想
——学生的家长在一起缝衣，以此欢迎索马里班图族家长，弥合巨大
的文化差异。
历史上是白人教会的比弗顿第一联合卫理
会教会等教会，现在提供移民牧师服务。所有教区的比弗顿教堂提供
朝鲜语或西班牙语服
务。
比弗顿市长道尔希望难民和移
民领袖参与本市的决策。他设立了多元特别工作组，使命是“在比弗顿市构建包
容和公平
的社区”
。特别工作组正努力打造面向所有背景的比弗顿人的跨文化社区中心。
比弗顿为移民提供的资源和热情欢迎与众多
市民对自己新家表露的感情交相辉映。
现年
40
岁、来自索马里的卡尔顿·凯南，在
2001
年逃离内战来到比弗顿，目前担任索马里家庭教育中心拓展
协调员。她高兴地说：
“我很喜欢这里。没有人歧视我，每个人都对我微
笑。
”
试题部分：
2013
年
5
月英语
CATTI
三级《笔译实务》真题
23
Section 1: English-Chinese Translation
(
英译汉
) (60 points)
Translate the following passage into
Chinese. The time for this section is 120 minutes.
One of the biggest decisions Andy
Blevins has ever made, and one of the few he now
The Money Ran Out; Then the
Villagers Stepped In
HIGUERA DE LA
SERENA, Spain
—
It didn’t take long for Manuel García
Murillo, a bricklayer who took over as mayor
here last June, to realize that his
town was in trouble. It was 800,000 euros, a
little more than $$1 million, in the red. There was
no
cash on hand to pay for anything
—
and there was work that
needed to be done.
But then an amazing
thing happened, he said. Just as the health
department was about to close down the day care
center
because it didn’t have a proper
kitchen, Berna
rdo Bení
tez, a
construction worker, offered to put up the walls
and the tiles free.
Then, Maria
José
Carmona, an adult education
teacher, stepped in to clean the place up.
And somehow, the volunteers just kept
coming. Every Sunday now, the residents of this
town in southwest Spain
—
young
and old
—
do what needs to be done, whether it is cleaning
the streets, raking the leaves, unclogging
culverts or planting trees in
the park.
“It was an initiative from them,” said
Mr. García. “Day to day we talked to
peop
le and we told them there was no
money.
Of course, they could see it.
The grass in between the sidewalks was up to my
thigh. “
Higuera de la
Serena is in many ways a microcosm of Spain’s
troubles. Just as Spain’s national and regional
governments
are struggling with the
collapse of the construction industry,
overspending on huge capital projects and a pileup
of unpaid bills, the
same problems
afflict many of its small towns.
But
what has brought Higuera de la Serena a measure of
fame in Spain is that the residents have stepped
up where their
government has failed.
Mr. Garcí
a says his phone rings
regularly from other town officials who want to
know how to do the same
thing. He is
serving without pay, as are the town’s two other
elected officials. They are als
o
forgoing the cars and phones that
usually come with the job.
“We lived beyond our means,” Mr. García
said. “We invested in public works that weren’t
sensible. We are in technical
bankruptcy.” Even some money from the
European Union that was supposed to b
e
used for routine operating expenses and last
until 2013 has already been spent, he
said.
Higuera de la Serena, a cluster
of about 900 houses surrounded by farmland, and
traditionally dependent on pig farming and
olives, got swept up in the giddy days
of the construction boom. It built a cultural
center and invested in a small nursing home. But
the projects were plagued by delays and
cost overruns.
The
cultural
center
still
has
no
bathrooms.
The
nursing
home,
a
whitewashed
building
sits
on
the
edge
of
town,
still
unopened. Together,
they account for some $$470,000 of debt owed to the
bank. But the rest of the debt is mostly the
unpaid bills
of a town that was not
keeping up with its expenses. It owes for medical
supplies, for diesel fuel, for road repair, for
electrical
work, for musicians who
played during holidays.
Higuera
de
la
Serena
is
not
completely
without
workers.
It
still
has
a
half-time
librarian,
two
half-time
street
cleaners,
someone
part-time
for
the
sports
complex,
a
secretary
and
an
administrator,
all
of
whom
are
paid
through
various
financing
streams apart from the town. But the
town once had a work force twice the size. And
when someone is ill, volunteers have to step
in or the gym and sports complex
—
open four hours a day
—
must close.
Section 2: Chinese-English
Translation(
汉译英
) (40 points)
Translate the following passage into
English. The time for this section is 60 minutes.
10
年来，中国经济持续快速发展，经济实力、综合国力、人民
生活水平迈上新的台阶，国家面貌发生举世瞩目的历
史性变化，为促进亚洲和世界经济增
长作出了重要贡献。
中国虽然取得了举世瞩目的发展成就，但
仍然是世界上最大的发展中国家，经济社会发展面临巨大的人口、资源、
环境压力，发展
中不平衡、不协调、不可持续问题依然突出。
2011
年，
中国开始实施国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划纲要，
提出了今后５年中国经济社会发展的总体任务。
未来５年，中国将着力实施扩大内需特别是消费需求的战略，建立长效机制，释放消费潜力，着力促进经济增 长向
依靠消费、投资、出口协调拉动转变。
< br>中国将着力实施
“
走出去
”
战略，引导各类所有制企业有序到境外投资，积极开展有利于改善当地基础设施和人民生
活的项目合作。中国将着力参与全球经济治理和区域合作，推动国际经济金融体系改革，推动
建立均衡、普惠、共赢的
多边贸易体制，反对各种形式的保护主义，促进国际经济秩序朝
着更加公正合理的方向发展。
答案部分：
Section 1:
英译汉
24
25
26
试题部分：
Section 1: English-Chinese Translation
(
英译汉
) (60 points)
Translate the following passage into
Chinese. The time for this section is 120 minutes.
2012
年
11
月英语
CATTI
三级《笔译实务》真题
FOR
MORE
than
30
years, I have
been
wondering
about
L.R.
Generson.
On one of our
first
Christmases
together,
my
husband gave me a complete set of
Dickens. There were 20 volumes, bound in gray
cloth with black corners, old but in good
condition. Stamped on the flyleaf of
each volume, in faded block letters, was the name
of the previous owner: “L.R. Generson,
M.D., Bronx, NY.”
That Dickens set is one of
the best presents anyone has ever given me. A
couple of the books are still pristine, but others
-
“Bleak House,’’ “David Copperfield,’’
and especially “Great Expectations’’
-
have been read and re-read almost to pieces. Over
the years, Pip and Estella and Magwitch
have kept me company. So have Lady Dedlock,
Steerforth and Peggotty, the Cratchits
and the Pecksniffs and the Veneerings.
And so, in his silent enigmatic way, has L.R.
Generson.
Did he love the
books as much as I do? Who was he? On a whim, I
Googled him. There wasn’t much
- a
single mention on
a veterans’ website
of a World War II captain named Leonard Generson.
But I did find a Dr. Richard Generson, an oral
surgeon
living in New Jersey. Since
Generson is not a common name, I decided to write
to him.
Dr.
Generson was kind enough to write back. He told me
that his father, Leonard Richard Generson, was
born in 1909. He
lived in New York City
but went to medical school in Basel, Switzerland.
He spoke 10 languages fluently. As an obstetrician
and
gynecologist, he opened a practice
in the Bronx shortly before World War II. His son
described him as “an extremely
patriotic
individual’’;
right after Pearl Harbor he closed his practice
and
enlisted. He served throughout the
war as a general surgeon with
an
airborne special forces unit in Europe, where he
became one of the war’s most highly decorated
physicians.
The
list of his decorations reflects his ordeals and
his courage: multiple Pur
ple Hearts,
the Bronze Star with “V’’ for valor,
the Silver Star, and also the Cross of
War, an extremely high honor from the government
of France. After the war, he remained in
the Army Reserve and attained the rank
of full colonel, while also continuing
his medical practice in New York. “He
was a very
dedicated physician who had
a large patient following,’’ his son wrote.
Leonard
Generson’s son didn’t remember the Dickens set,
though he told me that there were always a lot of
novels in the
house. His mother
probably “cleaned house’’ after his father’s death
in 1977
- the same year my husband
bought the set in a used
book store.
I found this
letter very moving, with its brief portrait of an
intelligent, brave man and his life of service. At
the same time, it
made me question my
presumption that somehow L.R. Generson and I were
connected because we’d owned the same set of
bo
oks.
The letter both told
me a little about him, and told me that I would
never really know anything about him - and why
should I? His
son must have been
startled to hear from a stranger on such a fragile
pretext. What had I been thinking?
One possible,
and only somewhat facetious, answer is
that I’ve read too much Dickens. In the world of a
Dickens novel,
everything is connected
to everything else. Orphans find families. Lovers
are joined (or parted and morally strengthened).
Ancient
mysteries are solved and old
scores are settled. Questions are answered.
Stories end.
Dickens’s cluttered network of
connected lives brilliantly exaggerates something
that is true of all of us. We want to
impose
order through telling
stories, maybe because there is so much
we don’t know about our own stories and
the stories of those around
us.
Leonard
Generson’s life touched mine only lightly, through
the coincidence of a set of books. But there are
other lives he
touched more deeply. The
next time I read a Dickens novel, I will think of
him and his military service and his 10 languages.
And I will think of the hundreds of
babies he must have delivered, who are now in the
middle of their own lives and their own
stories.
Section 2: Chinese-
English Translation(
汉译英
) (40
points)
Translate the following passage
into English. The time for this section is 60
minutes.
总部位于美国印第安纳州的得而达（
Del
ta
）水龙头公司是美国一家上市公司
Masco
集团的核心企业。
MASCO
集团
< br>是世界五百强，家居及装饰行业的领导者，在美国乃至世界有
70
多家子公司，在全球有超过
61,000
名雇员，年销
售额
超过
121
亿美元。
自从得而达的创始人
Alex
< br>Manoogian
先生在
1954
年发明了具有划时代意义的单柄水龙头之后，得而达就一直是水
龙头制造行业的领导
者。德尔达公司是全美水龙头行业中首家成功获得
ISO9001
质量标准认证的企业。五十多年来一直
行业领先，已经成为品质可靠、精巧耐用、物有
所值产品的象征。
现在，得而达在美国、加拿大及中国拥有<
/p>
5
家大型工厂，年产量超过
XXX
。在美国乃至全球，美国得而达公司的产
品正被越来越多的家庭使用。
目前，在全球已经安装了超过
2
亿个得而达水龙头，是全球水暖
专家首选品牌。
得而达作为水龙头和相关产品的全球专家，<
/p>
能够全方位满足全球顾客对设计、
功能、
质量、
外观方面的每一个要求。
答案部分：
Section 1:
英译汉
27
28
29
试题部分：
Section 1: English-Chinese Translation
(
英译汉
) (60 points)
Translate the following passage into
Chinese. The time for this section is 120 minutes.
2012
年
5
月英语
CATTI
三级《笔译实务》真题
PALOS DE LA FRONTERA, Spain
—
Back home in Gambia,
Amadou Jallow was, at 22, a lover of reggae who
had just
finished college and had
landed a job teaching science in a high school.
But Europe beckoned.
In
his
West
African
homeland,
Mr.
Jallow’s
salary
was
the
equivalent
of
just
50
euros
a
month,
barely
enough
for
the
necessities, he said. And everywhere in
his neighborhood in Serekunda, Gambia’s largest
city, there was talk of easy money to
be
made in Europe.
Now he laughs bitterly about all that
talk. He lives in a patch of woods here in
southern Spain, just outside the village of
Palos de la Frontera, with hundreds of
other immigrants. They have built their homes out
of plastic sheeting and cardboard, unsure
if the water they drink from an open
pipe is safe. After six years on the continent,
Mr. Jallow is rail thin, and his eyes have a
yellow tinge. “We are not bush people,”
he said recently as he gathered twigs to start a
fire. “You think you are civilized.
But
this
is how we live here. We suffer
here.”
The political
upheaval in Libya and elsewhere in North Africa
has opened the way for thousands of new migrants
to make
their way to Europe across the
Mediterranean. Already some 25,000 have reached
the island of Lampedusa, Italy, and hundreds
more have arrived at Malta.
The boats, at first, brought mostly
Tunisians. But lately there have been more sub-
Saharans.
Experts say
thousands more
—
many of
whom have been moving around North Africa trying
to get to Europe for years,
including
Somalis, Eritreans, Senegalese and Nigerians
—
are likely to follow, sure
that a better life awaits them.
But for Mr. Jallow and for many others
who arrived before them, often after days at sea
without food or water, Europe has
offered hardships they never imagined.
These days Mr. Jallow survives on two meals a day,
mostly a leaden paste made from
flour
and oil, which he stirs with a branch.
“It keeps the hunger away,” he said.
The authorities estimate
that there are perhaps 10,000 immigrants living in
the woods in the southern Spanish province of
Andalusia, a region known for its crops
of strawberries, raspberries and blueberries, and
there are thousands more migrants in
areas that produce olives, oranges and
vegetables. Most of them have stories that echo
Mr. Jallow’s.
From the
road, their encampments look like igloos tucked
among the trees. Up close, the squalor is clear.
Piles of garbage
and flies are
everywhere. Old clothes, stiff from dirt and rain,
hang from branches.
“There
is everything in there,” said Diego Ca?amero, the
leader of the farm workers’ union in Andalusia,
which tries to
advocate for the men.
“You have rats and snakes and mice and fleas.”
The men in the woods do not
call home with the truth, though. They send
pictures of themselves posing next to Mercedes
cars parked on the street, the kind of
pictures that Mr. Jallow says he fell for so many
years ago. Now he shakes his head toward
his neighbors, who will not talk to
reporters.
“So many lies,”
he said. “It is terrible what they are doing. But
they are embarrassed.”
Even
now, though, Mr. Jallow will not consider going
back to Gambia. “I would prefer to die here,” he
said. “I cannot go
home
empty-
handed. If I went home, they
would be saying, “What have you been doing with
yourself, Amadou?’ They think in
Europe
there is money all over.”
The
immigrants
—
virtually
all
of
them
are
men
—
cluster
by
nationality
and
look
for
work
on
the
farms.
But
Mr.
Ca?
amero
says
they
are
offered
only
the
least
desirable
work,
like
handling
pesticides,
and
little
of
it
at
that.
Most
have
no
working
papers.
Occasionally, the
police bring bulldozers to tear down the shelters.
But the
men, who have usually used
their family’s life
savings to get
here, are mostly left alone
—
the conditions they live
under are an open secret in the nearby villages.
Section 2: Chinese-English
Translation(
汉译英
) (40 points)
Translate the following passage into
English. The time for this section is 60 minutes.
今年是中国加入世贸组织
10
周年。<
/p>
10
年来，中国经济发展实现了新的跨越，对世界经济增长的贡献
日益增大。
10
年来，中国平均关税水平从
15.3%
降至
9.8%
，达到并
超过了世贸组织对发展中国家的要求。
10
年来，
中国总计从海外进
口达
8.5
万亿美元，为各国发展提供了广阔市场。
中国经济社会发展
的总体形势是好的。在世界经济形势依然复杂多变的情况下，中国有针对性地加强和改善宏观调
< br>控，着力稳物价、调结构、保民生、促和谐，经济增长由政策刺激向自主增长有序转变，国民经济继续朝着 宏观调控的
预期方向发展。
为了巩固
经济社会发展良好势头，我们将坚持以科学发展为主题、以加快转变经济发展方式为主线，继续加强和改
善宏观调控，继续处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构、管理通胀预期的关系，更加注重
以人为本，更加注重
全面协调可持续发展，更加注重统筹兼顾，更加注重改革开放，更加
注重保障和改善民生。中国经济发展的前景是光明
的。中国经济保持平稳较快发展，对世
界经济发展无疑将是有利的。
答案部分：
Section 1:
英译汉
西班牙帕洛斯德拉弗龙特拉<
/p>
--
在冈比亚国内时，阿玛窦
﹒
雅罗（
Amadou
Jallow
）曾是个雷鬼乐迷，
22
岁那年
< br>他刚刚大学毕业，在国内一所高中还谋得了科学教职。不过，他最终还是选择了到欧洲寻梦。
他说，在冈比亚国内，他的月薪仅合
50
欧元，基本生活费都不够。他来自冈比亚第一大城市萨拉昆达，周围
的人
都纷纷表示欧洲的钱比较好赚。
30
现在，他对人们的这种论调只能报以苦笑。他与其他数百
名移民就住在西班牙南部帕洛斯德拉弗龙特拉村外
的一片树林里。他们的安身之所是用塑
料膜和纸板搭建起来的，饮用水取自一个露天水管，不过他们并不确信这
水真的适合饮用
。雅罗到欧洲已有六个年头了，现在的他骨瘦如柴，眼睛泛着淡黄色。
最近见他时，他边捡拾柴火边向我倾诉，?我们不是生活在树林里的野人。你们以为自己是个文明的国家
，
但是我们这里的生活状况却是这样，我们是在这里受罪。?
北非的利比亚等国爆发了政治动乱后，
数千人借机穿越地中海抵
达欧洲，
加入了移民大军。
现在，
已有
25,000
人抵达了意属蓝佩杜萨岛，另有数百人抵达了马耳
他。
最开始移民的主要是突尼斯人，但最近撒哈拉以南非洲地
区的移民占了多数。
许多索马里、厄立特里亚、塞内加尔和尼
日利亚等国家的人多年来一直在北非地区游荡，试图寻找机会移往
欧洲。专家们称，现在
很可能还有数千人将加入移民阵营，这些人确信欧洲美好的生活正等待着他们。
但是，对于雅罗等许许多多的老非洲移民而言，他们在海上一连几天都没吃没喝，而抵达欧洲后
，等待他们
的往往是难以想象的苦难。这几天，雅罗一天只吃两顿饭，主食就是用树枝搅
拌面粉和油做成的面团，这种食物
难以消化。
?吃这种食物就不饿了，?他说道。
当局估计，在西班牙南部安达卢西亚省的这片树林里生活着约
1
万名移民。这一地区以生产草莓、树莓和蓝
莓闻名。而在盛产橄榄油、橙子和蔬菜的地区
也有数千名移民。他们中大部分人的境遇都与雅罗相似。
从公
路上
远远望去，他们的简易居所看起来就像是掩藏在树林里的圆顶冰屋，可等走近再看，
则是一片狼藉，肮脏不堪：
垃圾堆积如山，苍蝇到处乱飞，树枝上挂着破旧的衣服，经过
泥土和雨水的浸泡，衣服都硬邦邦的。
迪亚哥
﹒
卡纳梅洛（
Diego Cañam
ero
）是安达安达卢西亚的农场工会领袖，该工会也在为这些移民工
< br>人争取权益。卡纳梅洛说，?他们住的地方各种害虫应有尽有：大鼠、蛇、小耗子和跳蚤。?
即便如此，生活在这里的人们在给国内的家人打电话时也都不会实情以告。
他们寄回家的光鲜照片都是站在
街上停着的梅赛德斯车旁拍的，就连雅罗自己若干年前也
曾对这样的照片信以为真。现在，他冲住在这里的邻居
直摇头，因为他们不愿接受记者采
访。
?太多的谎言！?他说道，?他们这样做很不好，但是他
们自己的情况也确实令人尴尬。?
但即便如此，雅罗也不会考
虑回国。他说，?我宁愿死在这里，也不愿空手回去，如果就这样回去了，人们
就会说，
?
阿玛窦，你怎么混成这样了？
?
他们都以为欧洲遍地是黄金。?
移民几乎
清一色都是男子，他们按照国籍抱团，到农场找工作。但是，卡纳梅洛说，他们能找到的工作都是
喷洒农药等一些苦差事，报酬也微不足道。大部分移民工人都没有雇用证明。
警察偶尔会动用推土机拆除这些简易居所。不过，这些靠家里人毕生的积蓄才来到欧洲的
移民其生活条件之
恶劣在周边村庄早已是公开的秘密，所以，警察通常也不会找他们麻烦
。
Section 2:
汉译英
In
the
past
ten
years,
China's
economy
has
made
significant
advance
and
its
contribution
to
world
economic
growth has been growing. China's
average tariff level has dropped from 15.3 percent
to 9.8 percent, which is lower than
the
WTO requirement for developing countries.
Its total imports in this period have
reached 8.5 trillion U.S. dollars, creating a huge
market for other countries. In
the
face
of
the
complex
and
volatile
global
economic
environment,
China
has
taken
targeted
measures
this
year
to
strengthen
and
improve
macro
control,
with
focus
on
stabilizing
prices,
adjusting
the
economic
structure,
ensuring
people's
well-being,
and
promoting
harmony.
The
Chinese
economy
is
driven
more
by
its
internal
dynamism
than
policy stimulus. And it
is moving in the direction consistent with the
objectives of macro control.
To
sustain
the
sound
momentum
of
China's
economic
and
social
development,
we
will
continue
to
pursue
development in a
scientific way and redouble efforts to shift the
growth model. We will continue to strengthen and
improve
macro
control,
and
maintain
a
balance
between
achieving
steady
and
fast
economic
growth,
adjusting
the
economic
structure and managing inflation
expectation. Putting people's interests first and
taking a holistic approach to development,
we
will
work
harder
to
achieve
all-round,
balanced
and
sustainable
development,
deepen
reform
and
opening-up,
and
improve
people's
well-being.
We
will
have
a
bright
prospect
for
the
Chinese
economy.
And
continued
steady
and
fast
economic
growth in China will serve the interest of global
economic growth.
31
试题部分：
Section 1:
English-Chinese Translation
(
英译汉
) (60 points)
Translate the following passage into
Chinese. The time for this section is 120 minutes.
2011
年
11
月英语
CATTI
三级《笔译实务》真题
This month, the United Nations
Development Program made water and sanitation the
centerpiece of its flagship publication,
the Human Development Report.
Claims of a
are the
economics behind the problem, and how can it be
fixed? In countries that have trouble delivering
clean water to their
people, a lack of
infrastructure is often the culprit. People in
areas that are not served by public utilities have
to rely on costlier
ways of getting
water, such as itinerant water trucks and treks to
wells. Paradoxically, as the water sources get
costlier, the water
itself tends to be
more dangerous. Water piped by utilities - to the
rich and the poor alike - is usually cleaner than
water trucked in
or collected from an
outdoor tank.
The problem exists not
only in rural areas but even in big cities like
Manila and Jakarta, said Hakan Bjorkman, program
director of the UN agency in Thailand.
Further, subsidies made to local water systems
often end up benefiting people other than
the poor, he added.
The
agency proposes a three-step solution. First, make
access to 20 liters, or 5 gallons, of clean water
a day a human right.
Next, make local
governments accountable for delivering this
service. Last, invest in infrastructure to link
people to water mains.
The report says
governments, especially in developing countries,
should spend at least 1 percent of gross domestic
product on
water and sanitation. It
also recommends that foreign aid be more directed
toward these problems. Clearly, this approach
relies
heavily on government
intervention, something Bjorkman readily
acknowledged. But there are some market-based
approaches as
well.
By
offering cut-rate connections to poor people to
the water mainline, the private water utility in
Abidjan, Ivory Coast, has
steadily
increased
access
to
clean
water,
according
to
the
agency’s
report.
A
subsidy
may
not
even
be
necessary,
despite
the
agency’s proposals, if a
country can harness the economic benefits of
providing clean water.
People who receive clean water are much
less likely to die from water-borne diseases - a
common malady in the developing
world -
and much more likely to enjoy long, productive,
taxpaying lives that can benefit their host
countries. So if a government is
trying
to raise financing to invest in new
infrastructure, it might find receptive ears in
private credit markets - as long as it can
harness the return. Similarly, private
companies may calculate that it is worth bringing
clean water to an area if its residents are
willing to pay back the investment over
many years.
In the meantime, some local
solutions are being found. In Thailand, Bjorkman
said, some small communities are taking
challenges like water access upon
themselves.
help their
communities,
and
saving
schemes, and they invest themselves to improve
their villages.
them in other
countries, though. Assembling a broad menu of
different approaches can be the first step in
finding the right solution
for a given
region or country.
Section 2: Chinese-
English Translation(
汉译英
) (40
points)
Translate the following passage
into English. The time for this section is 60
minutes.
即使遇到丰收年景，对中国来说，要用世界百分之七的耕地养活全球
五分之一的人口仍是一项艰巨的任务。
中国政府面临许多挑战
，最严峻的挑战之一就是耕地流失。过去几年中，平均每年有
66.7
< br>万公顷耕地被城市扩建、
工业发展以及公路建设工程占用，另有
< br>1
万平方公里的耕地被沙漠吞噬。
中国北方地区地下水位下降，农民不得不改种耐旱、地产作物，甚至撂荒。同时，农业基础设施损耗严重，三 分之
二的灌溉设施需要整修。
由于农
民为增加收入而改种经济作物，农业生产方式正在转变。过去十几年，全国水果和蔬菜种植面积平均每年增
加
130
万公顷。因此，水稻、玉米及小麦产
量急剧下降。中国已由粮食净出口国变为粮食净进口国。
中国
政府把农业改革视为头等大事，投入大量资金用于提高小麦和稻米的收购价以及改进农田灌溉基础设施。近年
来，农产品的价格稳步上升，中国政府采取此项措施以提高农民种粮的积极性。
答案部分：
Section 1:
英译汉
本月，联合国发展规划将水利和公共设施列为其高端出版物
――
人类发展报告的核心内容。
在一些地方
穷人比富人支付的水费要多，因此关于?水隔离制度?的主张应当引起关注。但是问题背后的经
< br>济如何？怎么解决这一问题？一些国家不能为人们提供纯净水，究其原因常常是缺乏基础设施。在不能依靠 公共
设施供水的地方，人们需要需要通过昂贵的方式来获取水资源，例如卡车循环运送水
或者长途跋涉到水井取水。
水资
源越
昂贵，水质似乎越劣质，这是自相矛盾的。由公共设施运送到千家万户的水（穷人和富人同等对待）常
常比从户外蓄水池中得来的水要干净。
哈坎〃比约克曼是联合国泰国事务处的计划主管，
他说，这一问题不仅仅存在于乡村地区，甚至是在大城市
也是如此。此外，
他补充道，当地水利机构提供的补助最终受益人是除了穷人以外的人民群众。
该事务处提出了一项三步走解决方案。
第一步是使每天获得
20
升
（或者
5
加仑）
纯净水成为一项公民权利。
第二
步是促使地方政府
义务提供这项服务。
第三步是在人们和水路总线之间引进基础设施进
行联接。该项报告
称，政府，尤其是在发展中国家，应当至少花费
GDP
的
1%
用于水源
和公共设施。它同时强调，外国援助要更直接
用于解决这些问题。很明显，这一方法主要
依靠政府干预，比约克曼很认同这一点。当然也存在一些基于市场的
举措。
32
据事务处的报告
，科特迪瓦的首都阿比让提供打了折扣的管道联系穷人和水路总线，其民间水利设施逐渐增
加了纯净水供应。如果国家能利用供给纯净水的经济益处，甚至可能不再需要补助，尽管这是事务处的提议。<
/p>
获得纯净水的人们更不容易死于由水传播的疾病，因而更长寿、
更富足，并且所纳税款有利于他们的国家，
然而在发展中国家存在这样一个普遍的弊端。
因此如果政府尽力提高资金引进新基础设施，那么它将在民间信贷
市场获得良好声誉，前
提是它能充分利用这一回报。同样的，私营企业可能会估算，如果当地居民乐意长期回报
这一投资，将纯净水引入某一地区这一举措是很有价值的。
获
得纯净水的人们更不容易死于由水传播的疾病，因而更长寿、更富足，并且所纳税款有利于他们的国家，
然而在发展中国家存在这样一个普遍的弊端。因此如果政府尽力提高资金引进新基础设施，那么它
将在民间信贷
市场获得良好声誉，前提是它能充分利用这一回报。同样的，私营企业可能
会估算，如果当地居民乐意长期
回报
这一投资，将纯净水引入某
一地区这一举措是很有价值的。
Section 2:
汉译英
For China, it
is still an arduous task to feed one-fifth
population of the world with seven percents field
on the
earth, even in a good harvest
year.
The Chinese government is faced
with many challenges, one of the most serious is
the cultivated area loses. In
the past
several years, 0.667 million hectares cultivated
areas were averagely used to expand the city,
develop industries
and road
construction programs every year, and other one
billion square metres were swallowed by the
desert.
The level of
water in the northern China has fallen, so that
the farmers had no choice but to plant crops that
are
drought-enduring
and
grown
in
the
earth
,
even
plant
nothing
in
the
field.
In
the
meantime,
the
agricultural
infrastructure
was caused loss seriously and two-thirds
irrigation facilities needed to be fixed.
The
pattern
of
the
agricultural
production
is
undergoing
transformation
because
the
farmers
have
planted
industrial crops
instead to increase incomes. In the last decades
of years, the area under fruit and vegetables
averagely
increased 1.3 million
hectares year by year. So the yield of rice, corn
and wheat decreased rapidly. China became a net
export country instead of a net import
country.
The Chinese government has
given the greatest priority to the agricultural
reform and invested a large amount of
money to raise the prices of wheat and
rice, as well as improved irrigation
infrastructure for fields. In recent years, the
price
of
agricultural
products
has
increased
steadily
and
the
Chinese
government
has
taken
the
measure
to
raise
the
activity of farmers to
plant grains.
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