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考研英语（翻译）
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试卷
17
(
总分：
60.00
，做题时间：
90
分钟
)
一、
Reading Comprehension(
总题数：
6
，分数：
60.00)
1.
Section
II Reading Comprehension
（分数：
10.00
）
_________
__________________________________________________
_______________________________
解析：
CDirections: Read the
following
text carefully and
then
translate the
underlined
segments
into Chinese.
（分数：
10.00
）
_______________________________________
__________________________________________________
_
解析：
【
F1
】
Much of the language used to describe monetary
policy, such as steering the economy to
a soft landing
or a touch on the brakes, makes itself sound like
a precise science. Nothing could
be further from the truth.
The link between interest rates and inflation is
uncertain. And there
are
long,
variable
lags
before
policy
changes
have
any
effect
on
the
economy.
【
F2
】
Hence
there
is an analogy
that likens the conduct of monetary policy to
driving a car with a blackened
windscreen, a cracked rearview mirror
and a faulty steering wheel. Given all these
disadvantages,
central bankers seem to have had much
to boast about of late. Average inflation in the
big seven
industrial economies fell to
a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level
in 30 years, before
rising slightly to
2.5% this July. This is a long way below the
double-digit rates which many
countries experienced in the 1970s and
early 1980s. It is also less than most forecasters
had
predicted. In late 1994 the panel
of economists which The Economist polls each month
said that
Americas inflation rate
would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to
2.6% in August, and is
expected to
average only about 3% for the year as a whole.
【
F3
】
In
Britain and Japan inflation
is running half a
percentage point below the rate predicted at the
end of last year, this is no
flash in the pan; over the
past couple of years, inflation has been
consistently lower than expected
in Britain and America.
【
F4
】
Economists have been particularly surprised by
favourable inflation
figures in Britain and the
linked States, since conventional measures suggest
that both economies,
and especially Americas, have little
productive slack. Americas capacity utilisation,
for
example,
hit historically high levels earlier this year,
and its jobless rate(5.6% in August)has
fallen below most estimates of the
natural rate of
unemployment
—
the rate below
which inflation
has taken off on the
past. Why has inflation proved so mild? The most
thrilling explanation is,
unfortunately, a little defective.
【
F5
】
Some
economists argue that powerful structural changes
in the world
have upended the old economic models that were
based upon the historical link between
growth and inflation.
（分数：
10.00
）
<
/p>
(1).
【
F1
】
（分数：
2.00
）
_________________________________
__________________________________________________
_______
正确答案：
(
正确
答案：有很多用来描述货币政策的词汇，如引导经济软着陆，触动经济刹车，听起来像是一门精确的
科学。
)
解析：
<
/p>
(2).
【
F2
】
（分数：
2.00
）
_________________________________
__________________________________________________
_______
正确答案：
(
正确
答案：因此这样的类比
(
就如同
)
把执行货币政策比作驾驶着一辆涂黑了挡风玻璃，打碎了后视镜，并
且方向盘无法正常工作的汽车。
)
解析：
）
2.00
】
（分数：
F3
【
(3).
_____
__________________________________________________
___________________________________
正确
答案：
(
正确答案：去年年底，英国和日本的通货膨胀率实际上
比预测的要低半个百分点。这不是昙花一现，在过
去几年里，英国和美国的通货膨胀率始
终低干预测水平。
)
解析：
<
/p>
(4).
【
F4
】
（分数：
2.00
）
_________________________________
__________________________________________________
_______
正确答案：
(
正确
答案：经济学家对英美两国有利的通胀率感到特别诧异，因为传统的计量方法表明两国经济，特别是
美国经济几乎没有生产萧条的时候。
)
解析：
(5).
< br>【
F5
】
（分数：
2.00
）
_____
__________________________________________________
___________________________________
正确
答案：
(
正确答案：一些经济学家认为，世界经济结构强有力的
变化已经推翻了那个以经济增长和通货膨胀之间的
历史关联为基础的旧的经济模式。
)
解析：
【
F1
】
The value which society places on work has
traditionally been closely associated with the
value of individualism and as a result
it has had negative effects on the development of
social
security. It has meant that in the
first place the amount of benefits must be small
lest people
s
willingness to work and support themselves
suffers. Even today with flat rate and
earnings-related benefits, the total
amount of the benefit must always be smaller than
the persons
wages for fear of purpose
of social security, said Huntford referring to
Swedens comparatively generous
benefits, is to dispel need without crossing the
threshold of
prosperity. Second,
social security benefits are granted under
conditions designed to reduce
the
likelihood of even the boldest of spirits
attempting to live on the State rather than work.
Many of the rules surrounding the
payment of unemployment or supplementary benefit
are for this
purpose. Third, the value
placed on work is manifested in a more positive
way as in the case of
disability.
【
F2
】
People
suffering from accidents incurred at work or from
occupational diseases
receive preferential treatment by the
social security service compared with those
suffering from
civil accidents and ordinary illnesses.
Yet, the stranglehold which work has had on the
social
security
service has been increasingly loosened over the
years. The provision of family allowances,
family income supplements, the slight
liberalization of the wages stop are some of the
manifestations of this trend.
【
F3
】
Similarly,
the preferential treatment given to occupational
disability by
the social security service has been increasingly
questioned with the demands for
the upgrading of benefits
for the other types of disability. It is felt that
in contemporary
industrial societies the distinction
between occupational and non-occupational
disability is
artificial for many non-
occupational forms of disability have an
industrial origin even if they
do not
occur directly in the workplace.
【
F4
】
There is also the
additional reason which we mentioned
in the argument for one
benefit for all one-parent families, that a modern
social security service
must concentrate on meeting needs
irrespective of the cause behind such needs. The
relationship
between social security and work is not
all a one-way affair.
【
F5
】
It is true that until very
recently the
general view was that social security
epresented a type of luxury and was
essentially
anti-economic. It was seen as merely government
expenditure for the needy. As we
saw, however, redundancy
payments and earnings-related unemployment
benefits have been used with
some
success by employers and the government to reduce
workers opposition towards loss of their
< br>jobs.
（分数：
10.00
）
(1).
【
F1
】
（分数：
2.00
）
__________________
__________________________________________________
______________________
正确答案：
(
正确答案：传统上，社会赋予工作的价值一直与个人主义价值紧密相连。因此，这对
社会保障的发展产生
了负面的影响。
)
解析：
(
2).
【
F2
】
（分数：
2.00
）
____________________________________________ ______________________________________________
正确答案：
(
正确答案：与那些遭受个人意
外和忍受普通疾病折磨的人相比，因公受伤或者患有职业病的人在社会保障
服务方面享有
优待。
)
解析：
(3).
【
F3
】
（分数：
2.00
）
_______________________________________
__________________________________________________
_
正确答案：
(
正确答案：同样，
社会保障服务给予职业伤残的优惠待遇越来越多地受到了质疑，人们要求提高对其他类
型
伤残的救济。
)
解析：
(4).
【
F4
】<
/p>
（分数：
2.00
）
___________________________________
__________________________________________________
_____
正确答案：
(
正确答案
：此外，还有一个我们在讨论单亲家庭救济问题时所提及的理由．即一个现代的社会保障服务必
< br>须专注于满足需求，不管这些需求的背后有何原因。
)
解析：
(5).
< br>【
F5
】
（分数：
2.00
）
_____
__________________________________________________
___________________________________
正确
答案：
(
正确答案：
诚然，
直到最近，
普遍的观点依然认为社会保障
“体现的
是一种享受，
从本质上讲是反经济的”
。
它仅仅被看作是政府用于贫困群体的开支。
)
解析：
Gandhis
pacifism can be separated to some extent from his
other teachings.
【
F1
】
Its motive was
religious, but he claimed
also for it that it was a definitive technique, a
method, capable of
producing desired political results.
【
F2
】
Gandhis attitude was not that of most Western
pacifists.
Satyagraha, the method Gandhi proposed
and practiced, first evolved in South Africa, was
a sort
of non-
violent warfare, a way of defeating the enemy
without hurting him and without feeling or
arousing
hatred. It entailed such things as civil
disobedience, strikes, lying down in front of
railway trains,
enduring police charges without running away and
without hitting back, and the
like.
Gandhi objected to passive resistance as a
translation of Satyagraha: in Gujarati, it
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