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2016
高考英语任务型阅读答题技巧
任务型阅读是高考英语试题中第二卷中的一种题型，分值为
10
分。本题型在测试考生阅读
理解能力的基础上，
侧重考查考生的单词拼写、
词性转换、
句式转换、
段落归纳等综合能力。
高考任务型阅读近三年文章体裁以议论文和说明文为
主，
词数在
400~550
之间。
高考成绩的
统计数据表明在这一项上，
考生
普遍失分较多。
高考英语任务型阅读是英语阅读理解和完形
填空
的结合体，
在掌握篇章表层含义的基础之上，
还要求对文章结构
框架的把握。
考生不但
要具备基本的英语词汇知识，
而且要能够依据上下文的内容，
运用逻辑判断，
正
确填出任务
型阅读中的空白处。
因而，
任务型阅读对考生的英语阅读和对英语学科的感悟能力要求较高。
也就是说，
任务型阅读不仅检查考生的词、句、篇的掌握，而且涉及考生综合运用英语语法
的能力。所以说，这种题型是比较全面的考查。学生在平时的学习过程中，
要关注词
汇的使
用，领悟篇章的内部结构，同时还要注意词的搭配和语用知识。
< br>
一、任务型阅读题型的考查角度
1
、单词的大小写（信息筛选题）
<
/p>
考生往往从文中便可直接找到答案，
无需进行词性和词形的转化。
但是如果没有根据英文首
字母要大写的要求，
< br>或在特殊的上下文中。
忽略字母的大小写，
便无法得到本
应该拿到的分
数。
2
、词性的变化（整合转换题）
要依据特定的语境结合文中涉及的词语，
灵活地转变词性。比如：<
/p>
动词转变为形容词，
形容
词转变为名词，
等等。
3
、词形的转化（整合转换题）
主要依据任务型阅读提供的特殊框架，
来敲定词语的各种形式。
例如：
文中过去式需要在题
目中使用现在时
，同时还要注意人称和数的变化。
4
、近义词与反义词的转化（整合转换题）
根据任务型阅读题型
中提供的已有信息，
尽管文中也能发现相关的词语，
却没能依据
特定的
语境进行必要的词语的转换，比如将肯定的语气转化为否定的形式等。
5
、实现词句的转换（整合转换题）
尽管文章无法一下子找到任务型阅读题型中出现的答案，
但是依
据文章的上下文以及文中句
子的解释，则可以联系掌握的英语基础知识，得出相应的答案
。
6
、综合概括文章框架的词语使用
（综合概括题）
注意文章的整体布局，理清句与句之间，
段与段之间的内在逻辑关系，
反复阅读文章，
认真
思考，
然后找出能代表篇章结构的词汇。
这类题目要求考生对全文或段落进行总体语篇把握，
通过观察表格的设置特点，
从而归纳和概括出所考查的单词。
此类设题一般位于表格的第一
行或第一列。
为了更快捷地掌握概括能力，
总结和熟记一些概括性词汇及其固定搭配也是很
有必要的。
7
、书写工整无误
< br>最后，
卷面是否清洁也会影响到考生最终的得分。
答案书
写要工整清晰，
避免由于字迹潦草
或拼写错误导致失分。完成题
目后，一定要仔细的将答案带入题中，结合文中提供的信息，
认真核对，反复思考，确保
绝不因为自己的粗心大意而失分。
二、任务型阅读题型的解题思路
1<
/p>
、先认真读题，通过题目来了解文章的大致框架。做到在阅读文章前，心中有数，不会因<
/p>
为文章的长度或文中出现的生词影响到自己对文章结构的整体把握。
2
、利用快速阅读策略做出判断。自己理解的文章主旨是否
与题目中的要求一致。在这一过
程中，可以尽可能填出与文章大意相关的词汇。
3
、结合题目的基本模式，可以判断出文章的
行文特点。例如：说明文解决的是介绍某种物
品或事物，
其特征
无外乎描述特征，
阐述用途；
议论性的文章主要提出一种观点或
一个问题，
再利用一些论据来证明这个观点正确与否或者来说明解决问题的途径和方式。
按照此种方
法，
可以仔细地从篇章的字里行间找到相互对应的单
词或词组，
尤其要注意尽量使用文中现
有的词汇，不可脱离文章
。
4
、在发现答案有多种选择时，应
该从词组的搭配和词与词的差别着手，深思熟虑，调动平
时积累的英语知识，认真比对，
做出最精确的选择。
5
、任务型阅读
不仅是对英语单词拼写的简单检查，而且是要求考生要结合上下文的特殊语
境，综合运用
语言知识，甚至是学生自身具备的逻辑推理能力。因而，在具体的题型中，一
定要慎重做
题，
切不可将文中现成的词组拿来就用，
必须有思维加工的过程
。
实在无替换词
时，优先考虑文中的原词的转换词。
6
、在解题过程中，不一定每次都按照它的序号
来做题，因为有时出题的顺序与行文的先后
不符，
这就需要根据
具体文章的特定框架来解题，
先做第三或第五空，
然后再完成第
一或第
二空，不要被它的题号所束缚。
7
、在日常英语学习中，可以有意识、有目的的积累一些与文章框架相关的词汇。例如
：
(dis)advantage
，
w
ay
，
title
，
< br>approach
，
summary
，
conclusion
等。
三、任务型阅读题型的解题注意事项
任务型阅读不同于普通阅读材料，
在解题时考生要掌握一定的技巧才能是既快又好地完<
/p>
成这项集阅读、完形、词汇于一体的任务。
1
、在通读全文前有必要浏览题目及所给图表。
好处一：
文章的标
题能够帮助考生把握文章的主旨大意，
进而便于理解文章的篇章结构。
< br>
好处二：
文
章后的表格是命题人在仔细分析并理解文章后对文章框架的整理。
考生根据
表格所设空格去思考，则在阅读时更有针对性，从而确保准确性。
2
、分析图表类型。任务型阅读图表设置主要分两种：树状型（先总后分
）；表格型（对比
推进）
。根据所给表格判断文章类型及文章结
构，
从而保证在信息提示下在段落里查找、推
断所需答案。
3
、浏览题中所设空格，判断设空填词的
类型，做到心中数。
4
、做题时一般
按照自上而下，从左到右的顺序完成。原则上对文章结构概括的词汇可
以优先考虑，方便
细节题的正确把握。如果遇到障碍，则先易后难，重点突破。
5
、三审解题法
（
1
）一审表格结构。注意文章内容脉络，标题和所需的表达类型。
（
2
）二审短文意义。注意文章的段落和表格的匹性。
（
3
）三审语法运用。注意涉及到的构词法和语法项目。
为提高准确率，完成题目后考生还需注意以下几点：
1
、根据图表所给提示格式保持所填词性一致性
（以名词、动词、非谓语或完整句子等
不同形式归纳）；
2
、同时兼顾到意思和搭配的双重准确性；
3
、所填单词是否特殊变形；
4
、大小写是否规范等。
【基本功训练】
一、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
1. A ban on the importation of drugs
has been issued (recent).
2.
The economic sanctions could not prevent the
(develop) of that country.
3. An
anonymous businesswoman (donation) one
million dollars to the charity.
4. Alan
is someone who always needs the (approve)
of other people.
5. These old people
are unaccustomed to the (press) of modern
life.
6. The government’s actions had
no
(affect) on the trade
imbalance.
7. The new policy was
announced (official) this morning.
8.
A
lot
of children
at
the
school
do
not
live
in
the
town,
but
come
from
the
(surround)
countryside.
9.
She's been feeling very (stress) since
she started her new job.
10.
(unfortunate) the restaurant he recommended fell
far short of our expectations.
11. You
would expect that there would be strong
(disagree) about this.
12. What do you
think were some of the more (persuade)
arguments on the other side?
13. The
main (functional) of the merchant banks
is to raise capital for industry.
14.
She sat up late that night to write a detailed
account of the (forget) moment.
15. A manager has to learn some
economics if he wants to improve his
(manage).
16. The first walk on the
moon was quite an (accomplish).
17. Regular (apply) of the
cream should reduce
swelling(
疙瘩
) within 24
hours.
18. (person) speaking,
I think the show is going to be a great success.
19. After 25 years the town centre had
changed beyond all (recognize).
20. Your information is inaccurate and
your (conclude) is therefore wrong.
参考答案
1. recently 2. development 3. donated
4. approval
5. pressure 6. effect 7.
officially 8. surrounding
9. stressed
10. Unfortunately 11. disagreement
12.
persuasive 13. function 14. unforgettable
15. management 16. accomplishment 17.
application
18. Personally 19.
recognition 20. conclusion
二、
用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空
1. No one has come up with a
(convince) explanation of why the dinosaur died
out.
2. (disappoint) to learn
that she had failed the course, she
couldn
?
t help crying.
3. He tried to earn more money
(provide) for a large family.
4. The
movie “After shock”,
(base) on
the real event, moved viewers to tears.
5. (compare) the copy with the
original, I found there was not much difference.
6. (relate) what happened in
your childhood to your present state of mind, and
you may find
the cause of your illness.
7. He is a
fugitive
（亡命之徒
) from justice
trying to avoid (catch) by the police.
8. Though several problems remained
(solve), he decided to have a drink that night.
9. (intend)
as
an
introduction
to
the
course
for
starters,
the
notes
were
written
in
simple
English.
10. We strongly
recommend (report) the incident to the
police, but our boss disagreed.
11. I
really appreciate (give) such a good
chance to join in a significant trip.
12. If the day turns out (be)
wet we may have to change our plans.
13. Our challenge is to motivate those
voters and inspire them (join) our cause.
14. (belong) to a younger
generation, they are more active and fashionable.
15. America demanded that the Somalia
pirates (set) kidnapped sailors free in
no time.
16. After the race he sat on
the ground, sweating and (wear) out.
17. (take) everything into
consideration, the project was kind of successful.
18. For further information, please
contact us on the (attach) form.
19. The weather man reported the
temperatures (range) between
33
℃
and
37
℃
for the next
week.
20. Having worked in
several companies, his work experience
(equip) him to deal with all
kinds of
people.
参考答案
1.
convincing 2. Disappointed 3. to provide4. based
5. Comparing 6. Relate 7. being caught
8. to be solved 9. Intended 10.
reporting11. being given 12. to be1 3. to join
14. Belonging 15. (should) set 16.
worn17. Taking 18. attached 19. ranging 20.
equipped
三、
句型转换
A.
词汇间转换
1. You
should prepare early for your job interview. We
don’t want to find, when the time comes,
that you've forgotten this, that and
others.
You should
early for your job interview. We don't want to
find, when the time comes,
that you've
forgotten this, that and others.
2. So
many fancy cars are being displayed that I don't
know which to buy.
There are so many
fancy cars that I don't know
which to buy.
3. Considering her age
and inexperience, her painting is not bad.
her age and inexperience
, her painting is not bad.
4. Because
the storm suddenly struck, she was absent from
work.
She was absent from work
.
5. It sounds reasonable for students
to read more books during the summer vacation.
It for students to
read more books during the summer vacation.
6. Unhealthy diets help cause various
diseases.
Unhealthy diets
diseases.
7. We've replaced the old
adding machine with a computer.
We've
used a computer to
the old adding machine.
8. Van Gogh
greatly influenced the development of modern
painting.
Van Gogh
the development of modern painting.
9.
Only after you lose your health,will you realize
the importance of health.
Only after
you lose your health will you
the importance of health.
10. An
interesting suggestion for measuring the
atmosphere around Mars has been put forward.
An interesting suggestion for measuring
the atmosphere around Mars
.
11. We want to encourage students to
participate in the running of the college.
We want to encourage students to
the running of the college.
12. People
used to feel confident about the function of
modern medicine, but things are different
now.
People used to
the function of modern medicine, but things are
different now.
13. Please remember all
these useful words and phrases on the blackboard.
Please
all these useful words and phrases on the
blackboard.
14. Seeing the football
star entering the hall, his fans suddenly crowded
around him.
the football star entering the hall, his fans
suddenly crowded around him.
15.
Although your heart is breaking, you must face the
truth that a relationship has ended.
Although
your
heart
is
breaking,
you
must the
truth
that
a
relationship
has
ended.
16. Our literature
and art ought to meet popular taste.
Our literature and art ought to
popular taste.
17. The House of Commons
is made up of 658 members.
The House of
Commons 658 members.
18. He's a good writer but he is not
nearly as good as Shakespeare.
He's a
good writer but he doesn't
with Shakespeare.
19. As for money, he
is rich, but not in knowledge.
money, he is rich, but not in knowledge.
20. If you meet with a new word, you
can refer to your dictionary.
If you
meet with a new word, you can
in your dictionary.
参考答案
1. make
preparations
2.
on display
3. Taking, into
consideration
4. because of
/ due to / owing to / thanks to the sudden storm
5. makes sense
6. contribute
to causing a variety of
7. take the
place of8. had great influence/effect/impact on
9. be aware of
10. has come up
11. get involved in
12. have faith
in13. keep/bear in mind
14. At the
sight of
15. be faced with
16. cater
to
17. consists of
18.
bear/stand comparison
19.
In terms of
20. look it up
B.
非谓语与从句间转换
1. I still regret that I didn't seize
the opportunity to go abroad for further
education.
I still regret
the opportunity to go abroad for further
education.
2. The factory requires that
its employees should work with helmets in case of
accidents.
The factory requires its
employees with helmets in case
of accidents.
3. The police didn't
inform her of why she was arrested.
The
police didn't inform her
for her arrest.
4. They got everything
prepared so that they could set off early the next
morning.
They got everything prepared
set off early the next morning.
5. More
than half of the students insist that we should be
given more free time so that we can go
over what we have learnt.
More
than
half
of
the
students
more
free
time
so
that
we
can
go
over
what we
have learnt.
6. As she was exposed to
the radiation for years, Madame Curie suffered the
loss of her eyesight in
her later
years.
the
radiation
for
years,
Madame
Curie
suffered
the
loss
of
her
eyesight
in
her
later
years.
7. It made her embarrassed that she
forgot all about the name of her former deskmate
at the class
get-together.
, she forgot all about the name of her former
deskmate at the class get-together.
8.
As he completely buried himself in his studies, he
knew little about the changes around him.
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