英语语法：句子成分的划分与例句

．

“变成”的状态

appear

显得

be

是

continue

继续处于

feel

觉得；摸

go

变成

keep

保持

-

状态

lie

处于

-

状态

look

看起来

prove

证明是

2

．

“变化”的结果

become

成为，

come

成为

fall

变得

get

变得

可作表语的有：

介词短语作表语

现在分词作表语

过去分词作表语

名词作表语

动名词作表语

不定式作表语

表语从句作表语

形容词作表语

副词作表语

代词作表语

数词作表语

表语主要说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份。

remain

rest

rise

seem

smell

sound

stand

stay

taste

grow

run

turn

turn out

仍是

处于

-

状态

上升

似乎是

闻起来

听起来

处于

-

状态

处于

-

状态

尝起来

渐渐变得

变成

变成

结果是

are on holiday.

are from Shanghai.

is tired.

glass is broken.

becomes interesting to me.

became a doctor in 1999.

is my partner.

interest is reading.

1

desire is to be a boss.

plan is that we'll be back.

11. I'm tall and he's short.

is a developing country

news is exciting

ideal will come true.

is getting dark.

't get excited.

leaves turned yellow.

18. I'm feeling much better today

feel full of energy.

feels soft.

feels cold outside.

looks unhappy.

looks like rain.

24. It looks like a fine day.

bananas taste sweet.

26.

Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.

milk tastes sour.

sentence doesn't sound right.

sounds quite all right.

sounds like a good idea.

music sounds wonderful

face went red.

33.

Something has gone wrong with the machine.

34.I have run short of money.

blood ran cold.

rivers are running dry.

seemed quite hopeless.

seemed to be angry.

seems to be eating .

seemed to have done it.

seems that you don't like it.

weather continued fine.

appeared touched at it.

he fell sound asleep.

fell ill in bed that day.

method proved quite efficient.

47The rumor proved ( to be ) false.

stayed single all his life.

49The language stayed the same.

50We should keep quiet in class.

51He still remains poor.

English remains weak.

should remain modest.

turned out ( to be ) a fine day.

’

t they smell nice?

food smells nice.

it done?

lay sick.

sun rose red.

stood still.

winter continued damp and wet.

shop stays open till 8 o’clock.

63.

We can’t rest east until they’re safely back.

the time she sat silent in the corner.

（二）

主语

+

谓语

+

状语

（有时状语也可以提前，放在主语前面）

可作状语的有：

副词作状语

介词短语作状语

不定式短语作状语

现在分词短语作状语

过去分词短语作状语

形容词短语作状语

词组作状语

复合结构作状语

状语从句作状语

名词作状语

状语大都用来说明时间、 地点、行为方式、程度、

原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较或其它。

lies in the east of China.

plane is taking off.

express train started at ten.

birds flew up into the woods

usually go to bed at eleven.

wind was blowing hard.

in one by one.

child thought hard for a while.

never falls behind others.

lined up on the square.

weighs ninety pounds.

left away without a word.

stood together with him.

14.I have slept only four hours.

walked forty miles then.

must turn back by eight.

dog ran after the cat.

sun is rising in the west.

study hard for our future.

meeting lasted an hour.

hurried to school by bicycle.

father died in 1999.

accident happened that day

traveler went away finally.

was employed in the bank.

was pumped from there.

g is not allowed here.

got back to see you off.

was often punished in the past

flew over a part of the forest

population is growing very fast there.

are moving into the forests.

move on to a new place.

34.

The farmers don't stay long in the same place.

paper is made from rice straw.

houses were washed away.

37.

These orders must be obeyed in our school.

38.

The high buildings were destroyed by the fire.

39.

The Motor Company was started one year ago.

40.

We will meet under the clock at the station.

train leaves at 7:40.

42.

The number will grow to 300,000 cars a year.

2

port will be opened to foreign ships.

44.

The cars will be supplied to those people

.

45.

These computers will be sent abroad by sea.

46.

The telephone lines were cut off by the wind.

47

.We’ve been sitting here hours.

came back a changed person.

returned tied and hungry.

soldier fell dead.

thought lay heavy on her mind.

left a child and came back a mother.

died a martyr to the cause

of the revolution.

shall go whenever we are free.

’ve done quite well.

fruit trees are all doing well.

have also done well in raising pigs.

will do well to have a look at it.

59.

Perhaps you would do better to ask him

for some advice.

【现在分词作状语表示时间】

69.

Hearing

the

news,

the

children

jumped

with joy.

70.

Having been asked to stay

in Shanghai,

the

country

girl

decided

not

to

go

back

to her home town.

71.

如果分词所表示的动作和谓语所表示的

动作是完全同时发生，多 用

when

或

while

72.

Walking

out

of

the

room,

he

found

the

boy still there.

73.

Be careful when crossing the street.

74.

When

leaving

the

airport,

they

waved

again and again to us.

75.

She got to know them while attending a

conference in Beijing.

76.

Don’t mention this while talking to him.

【现在分词作状语表示原因】

60.

Seeing

those

pictures,

he

couldn’t

help

thinking of those days in Yenan.

61.

Opening

the

door,

I

found

nobody

inside.

62.

Turning

around,

she

saw

a

car

driving

up.

63.

Arriving at the worksite, she found them

busy laying bricks.

64.

Hearing the news, they all jumped with

joy.

65.

Learning this, she threw herself into the

work with great zeal.

66.

After

being

examined

carefully

by

Mr

Holmes, the room was locked again.

67.

Having

done

their

homework,

the

children went into the garden to play.

68.

Having

worked

in

the

fields

for

two

hours,

the

students

were

told

to

have

a

rest.

77.

Being so poor in those days, we couldn’t

afford to send the boy to hospital.

78.

Not

knowing

her

address,

we

couldn’t

get in touch with her.

79.

Not

knowing

his

address,

I

couldn’t

write to him.

80.

Seeing

nobody

at

home,

she

decided

to

leave them a note.

81.

Being poor, he could not send his son to

school.

82.

Not

having

heard

from

him

for

a

long

time, I wrote to him again this morning.

83.

Being

asked

to

play

the

violin,

she

picked

up

her

instrument

and

jumped

onto the stage.

84.

Having

been

there

more

than

once,

he

offered to show us round the city.

85.

Being warned not to go there alone, the

3

girl waited for her brother to accompany

her.

【现在分词作状语表示条件】

86.

Working hard, you will pass the exam.

87.

【现在分词作状语表示结果】

88.

Her

husband

died

in

1999,

leaving

her

with five children.

89.

They

opened

fire,

killing

one

of

our

patrolmen.

90.

【过去分词作状语表示时间】

91.

When

heated,

ice

will

be

changed

into

water.

92.

Seen

from

the

hill,

the

town

looks

beautiful.

93.

Once

discovered,

enemies

are

completely

wiped out.

94.

Once seen , it can never be forgotten.

95.

When

shot

in

the

leg,

he

continued

to

fire back with his gun.

96.

Entering

the

classroom,

I

found

all

the

seats in good order.

97.

Looking

around,

Li

ping

found

a group

of

Young

Pioneers

picking

up

ears

of

rice in the fields.

98.

99.

Having met my friend, I went back with

him to his house.

100.

Having packed up his things, he hurried

to the station.

101.

Walking along the street, I met a friend.

102.

Arriving at the station, we learnt that the

train had gone.

103.

Having done his homework, he went to

the

post

office

to

post

something

to

Nanjing.

104.

【过去分词作状语表示原因】

105.

Well

known

for

his

expert

advice,

he

was able to help many people.

106.

Moved

by

his

words,

the

young

workman

made

up

his

mind

to

correct

his mistake.

107.

Born into a poor family, he had only two

years of schooling.

108.

He soon fell asleep, tired by the journey.

109.

Encouraged by Lei Feng’s example, they

did countless good deeds.

110.

Frightened by the noise in the night, the

girl did not dare sleep in her room.

111.

Given

advice

by

the

famous

detective,

the young lady was no longer afraid.

112.

Built

in

1949,

the

exhibition

hall

is

almost 50 years old.

113.

Well known for his medical knowledge

and skills, the doctor is able to help lots

of patients.

114.

Surprised at what Berry had done, Tom

didn’t know what to say at first.

115.

Bitten by the dog, she should be sent to

a hospital to be examined.

116.

Being tired with the work, he sat down

to rest.

117.

Having

water,

they

began

to

grow

two

crops of rice a year.

118.

Having

been

addressed

to

the

wrong

house, the letter never reached me.

119.

【过去分词作状语表示条件】

120.

If permitted, I’ll go there alone.

121.

Given

better

attention,

the

cabbages

could have grown better.

122.

Given enough time, I can do it well.

123.

Compared with those advanced units, we

still have a long way to go.

124.

United we stand, divided we fall.

125.

If cooked within a day, this meat will be

4

safe to eat.

126.

Prices will rise too fast unless controlled

by the government.

127.

The

water

is

not

safe

to

drink

unless

boiled.

128.

If bitten by a snake, you should send for

help and don’t walk.

129.

Turning

to

the

left,

you

will

find

the

place you want.

130.

【过去分词作状语表示让步】

131.

Though

warned

of

the

danger,

he

still

动名词作宾语

不定式短语作宾语

宾语从句作宾语

在此结构中的谓语， 有时只是一个单个的及物动

词作谓语，但有时却是

+

介词；或

（不）及物动词

+

副词

构成的“短语动词”作谓语。

went skating on the thin ice.

132.

Picked

20

times

a

year,

it

grows

tired

only after 40 or 50 years.

133.

The room, although supposed to be kept

locked, was often left open.

134.

Admitting what you say, I still think that

you made a mistake.

135.

【过去分词作状语表示伴随】

136.

The

professor

came

in,

followed

by

some students.

137.

Alice

entered

the

living

room,

followed

by her boyfriend.

138.

He went in, making believe nothing was

wrong.

139.

Singing

a

song,

they

marched

through

the Square.

140.

They

sat

at

the

desks

preparing

their

lessons.

141.

He stood there, dumbfounded.

142.

（三）

主语

+

谓语

+

宾语

（

+

状语）

可作宾语的有：

名词作宾语

代词作宾语

数词作宾语

名词化的形容词作宾语

1.I like the subject very much.

material absorbs heat.

cousin accepted the doctor’s advice.

wants three.

has known me.

used to help the poor.

refused to go with me the next day.

desk needs mending.

said that they would cover the event.

10.

I don’t know why he failed in the exam.

did some reading last night.

will do the cooking?

13.I did much washing on Sunday.

do some listening twice a week.

we do the weeding this afternoon?

you do any sightseeing there?

17.I can do the translating.

you do much thinking?

19.I’ll do the typing for you.

that she did some shopping.

21.

She did most of the talking at the meeting.

22.

He did a lot of good among the poor.

said the meeting would do no good.

24

.It won’t do any harm.

change might do her harm.

would do more good than harm.

must do our best to fulfill the task.

did everything they could to defend

their motherland.

29.I’ll do all I can to help you.

have done their bit in building up

5

their hometown.

felt that he was doing his duty.

really did wonders in building the

canal.

33.I felt I had done wrong.

promised not to do wrong again.

did wrong in agreeing to the plan.

did right in telling me.

37.

Hard work does wonders.

过去分词短语作定语

(

可看作是定语从句的省略形式

)

a short time will be successful.

50.

Einstein was one of the greatest

scientists respected by the people.

51.

The cloth woven by them was fine.

52.

The bridge built 100 years ago is still in

very good condition.

53.

He is a leader loved by the people.

54.

现在分词作定语

38.

The young man, (who was) believed to

be the son of the detective, was bitten by

a snake and died.

39.

We drank some very pleasant wine,

(which was) supplied by our hosts.

40.

We were so hungry that we ate the food

left behind by the guests.

41.

The bathroom, heated by a large wood

fire, was the warmest place in the house.

42.

The park, destroyed by the storm last

night, used to be the most beautiful place

in the city.

43.

The stamps, collected by Jane, were

printed in 1945 and 1968.

44.

We noticed three guns, fastened to the

wall with pieces of wire.

45.

We were very happy to see a sea of

forests, covered by the snow.

46.

The firemen were trying to rescue the

people trapped in the big fire on the top

floor.

47.

They immediately took the woman

badly injured in the traffic accident to a

nearby hospital.

48.

The man taken away by the police may

be sentenced to death for killing a little

girl.

49.

I doubt if their experiment made in such

55.

The man sitting behind the desk had

never heard of a woman being a turner.

56.

There are many pupils waiting at the

school gate.

57.

Who is the man writing at the desk?

58.

The matter being discussed now should

be kept as a secret.

59.

This is one of the buildings being

repaired.

60.

The text being taught is the most

difficult in the book.

61.

Who is the man sitting in the corner?

62.

The man selling ice cream has gone.

63.

常接动名词作直接宾语的谓语动词有：

avoid

allow

admit

appreciate

advise

accept

consider

delay

require

postpone

resume

escape

enjoy

finish

forbid

imagine

keep

deny

need

favour

report

mind

miss

practise

stand

suggest

permit

risk

fancy

want

resent

recall

stop

dislike

excuse

mention

prevent

do

quit

resist

endure

6

pardon

1.

He

ran

away

to

avoid

meeting

the

naughty boy.

2.

We

can’t

understand

why

he

avoided

speaking to us.

3.

He avoided giving us a definite answer.

4.

We don’t

allow smoking in this room.

5.

She admitted having done wrong.

6.

He admits having seen us.

7.

I really appreciate having time to relax.

8.

I

wouldn’t

advise

going

there

by

bus,

because it’s too crowded.

9.

I

consider

going

to

watch

the

match

next week.

10.

You

shouldn’t

delay

sending

the

sick

child to hospital.

11.

You

mustn’t

delay

sending

the

tractors

over.

12.

They

insisted

on

(their)

taking

a

thorough

rest

before

going

back

to

work..

13.

When

she

heard

the

news,

she

can’t

help jumping with joy.

14.

I

couldn’t

help

being

struck

by

the

beauty of the West Lake.

15.

The crowd burst out laughing.

16.

He was not used to traveling by air.

17.

Have you got used to being treated like

this?

18.

Has it left off

(stopped ) raining?

19.

He has left off working.

20.

It is time to leave off talking and to start

acting.

21.

We’re

looking forward to hearing from

you.

22.

She

is

looking

forward

to

meeting

you

again.

23.

The doctor devoted her life to caring for

the sick.

24.

Let’s get down

to doing all this.

25.

Since

you

have

broken

the

law.

You

won’t

escape being punished.

26.

She

enjoys

asking

questions,

but

dislikes answering questions.

27.

No

one

enjoys

being

made

fun

of

in

public.

28.

Has

your

roommate

Xiao

Li

finished

reading

the

book

he

borrowed

yesterday?

29.

He forbids smoking during office hours.

30.

Forgive my interrupting you.

31.

Can

you

imagine

him

working

as

a

nurse?

32.

You

can

hardly

imagine

a

child

being

treated so cruelly.

33.

Tom’s

mother

kept

telling

him

that

he

should work harder.

34.

I feel like taking a good rest. Would you

like to come with me?

35.

He denied knowing what they had done.

36.

Give

over

(

停止，住手

)

hitting

your

little brother.

37.

If

you

persist

in

breaking

the

law

you

will go to prison.

38.

why

do

you

persist

in

writing

such

things?

39.

She is rather given to talking about our

life in the country.

她很喜欢谈我们在农村时的那一段生活。

The

kids

are

given

to

asking

questions

of all kinds.

孩子们喜欢问各种各样的问题。

40.

Attention

must

be

paid

to

preventing

the jewellery shop from being robbed.

41.

Do you mind my turning on the fan?

42.

The

child

didn’t

mind

being

left

alone

at home.

43.

I

don’t

mind

not

being

invited

to

the

7

44.

45.

46.

47.

48.

49.

50.

51.

52.

53.

54.

55.

56.

57.

58.

59.

60.

61.

62.

63.

64.

party.

They

didn’t

miss

watching

the

MTV

program last night.

I’m sorry I missed seeing you while in

Beijing.

Do you practise reading every day?

She can’t

stand having nothing to do.

I

can’t

imagine

how

they

could

stand

leading such a miserable life.

I

won’t

stand

your

talking

like

that

about others.

We suggested raising the question at the

next meeting.

We don’t

permit smoking in the office.

They risked losing everything.

I

couldn’t risk missing

that train.

We

mustn’t

risk

getting

caught

in

a

storm.

We set about working and succeeded in

finishing our task in time.

I don’t think father will

fancy living an

idle life like that.

I

don’t

fancy

walking

in

the

rain

like

this.

People kept on coming to the hospital to

see him.

Why do you keep on smiling?

They

kept

on

making

the

same

mistakes.

We did some reading last night.

Who will do the cooking?

I

hope

you’ll

succeed

in

fulfilling

this

plan.

Did he admit to taking it?

他承认是他拿的吗？

67.

68.

69.

70.

71.

72.

73.

74.

75.

76.

77.

78.

79.

80.

81.

82.

83.

84.

85.

86.

87.

glared at each other.

I object to being made fun of.

You

know

how

I

dislike

saying

such

things to you.

I dislike wearing stockings.

I dislike being spoken to like that.

Excuse

my

interrupting

you

but

I

have

something important to tell you.

include

He

is

handsome

and

smart,

not

to

mention being a good athlete.

They put off going abroad.

We’d

better

postpone

(put

off)

discussing it until next week.

Many of them have given up smoking.

I

cannot

understand

his

robbing

his

friend.

I

can’t

understand

him

/

his

leaving

so

suddenly.

He never can resist making a joke.

I could not resist laughing.

Of course I can’t

prevent your going.

That did not prevent our getting on very

well together.

I

don’t

know

of

anything

to

prevent

your studying at home.

A

severe

cold

prevented

his

attending

the meeting.

Even on holidays, he preferred working

to doing nothing.

The whole place requires cleaning.

Then

we’d

better

quit

talking

and

get

back to work.

65.

If

the

world

population

doesn’t

stop

growing, we will find our earth getting

more and more crowded.

66.

The boys stopped fighting but they still

常接不定式做直接宾语的谓语动词有：

want

like

wish

hate

8

expect

need

hope

manage

learn

determine

arrange

require

agree

care

demand

trust

pretend

promise

ask

intend

attempt

offer

choose

decide

desire

1.

Do you want to go?

2.

Someone wants to see you.

3.

I’m

so

glad

you’re

here.

wanting to talk to you.

我一直想和你谈谈。

afford

I’ve

been

4.

I’ve wanted to speak to you so badly all

these days.

这几天我迫切想和你谈谈。

5.

I’ve

long

wanted

to

come

to

your

country.

我老早就想到你们国家来。

6.

I don’t

like to sit here.

7.

Do you like to play chess / table tennis?

8.

I

wish

once

again

to

express

our

warmest welcome to you.

9.

They wished to have closer cultural and

economic links with us.

10.

I hardly expected to find you still here.

11.

They

expected

to

finish

the

work

by

Friday.

12.

She

chose

to

go

and

work

in

the

countryside.

13.

He chose to say nothing.

14.

We

mustn’t

pretend

to

know

what

we

don’t know.

15.

He pretended not to mind.

16.

Sometimes

they

even

pretended

to

be

friendly with us.

17.

He pretended not to have heard about it.

18.

He

pretended

to

be

looking

for

something.

19.

You don’t

need to leave so early.

20.

Does she need to know it?

21.

The

house

needs

very

much

to

be

rebuilt.

9

22.

They

needed

to

be

helped

over

the

difficulty.

23.

We hope to see you again.

24.

I hope to be back tomorrow night.

25.

How

did

you

manage

to

get

their

consent / approval?

26.

We managed to fulfill the task ahead of

time.

27.

They promised to help us in the work.

28.

He promised not to break the rule.

29.

The

enemy

attempted

to

destroy

the

city.

30.

They attempted to go on with the work

but couldn’t.

31.

He

attempted

to

get

in

touch

with

the

Party underground but without success.

32.

They

decided

to

move

to

Shanghai

immediately.

33.

They

decided

not

to

accept

the

invitation.

34.

Then I learnt to drive a tractor.

35.

You ought to learn to be patient.

36.

Where did you learn to skate?

37.

He determined to travel no

further that

night.

38.

I

determined

to

be

bold

and

speak

the

truth.

39.

They

determined

to

stay

there

till

the

year was up.

40.

I’ve

arranged

to

see

them

tomorrow

morning.

41.

We

arranged

with

him

to

meet

him

at

the hotel at one o’clock.

42.

They arranged for him to do light work

in the factory.

43.

You

are

not

required

to

read

it

from

cover to cover.

44.

You

are

required

to

report

to

the

headquarters at once.