TPO10 Childhood Amnesia 童年遗忘症

TPO10 Childhood Amnesia

童年遗忘症

is the main purpose of the lecture?

A. To discuss possible explanations for childhood amnesia.

B. To describe key features of childhood amnesia.

C. To explain methods of testing memory in children of different ages.

D. To discuss why the ability recall memories diminishes as a person ages.

does the professor ask student about their earliest memories?

A. To help students relate to the topic she is about to discuss.

B. To establish that people vary in the time of their earliest memory.

C. To introduce the connection between language and memory.

D. To point out a common thing in the earliest memories of most people.

does

the

professor

imply

about

some

of

the

explanations

for

childhood

amnesia that she describes?

A. They can never be proved or disproved.

B. They were formed without proper evidence.

C. They explain only certain types of childhood amnesia.

professor

mentions

some

commonly

held

explanations

for

childhood

te

whether

each

of

the

following

is

one

of

the

explanations

she

in the correct box for each item is worth 2 points. Yes/No.

(1).Early memories are repressed

(2).Young

children

have

few

experiences

to

remember

(3).Young

children

are

unable

to

form

memories.

(4).Children lose memories at a faster rate than

adults

(5).Young

children

do

not

make

an

effort

to

remember events

was recall tested in children without language ability?

A. By recording children 's responses to familiar faces.

B. By observing children 's reaction to a repeated series of actions.

C. By having children imitate each other 's actions.

D. By having children imitate an ordered sequence of actions.

professor mention

a study in

the 1980s

that

tested memory in

children under

age 3 . What did the researchers conclude from this study?

A. Young children do not develop the capacity for recall until after age 3

B. Piaget 's theory linking language development to memory was incorrect

C. Young children typically remember events for about nine months

D. The formation of memories is dependent upon language development

Professor: OK. If I ask about the earliest thing you can remember, I will bet for most

of you, your earliest memory would be from about age 3, right? Well, that’s true for

most _______

. We can’t remember anything that happened before the age of 3. And

this phenomenon is so widespread and

_______ I

t has a name. It’s called

_______

amnesia and was first documented in 1893.

As

I

said,

this

phenomenon

refers

to

adults

not

being

able

to

remember

childhood

_______

. It’s not children trying to remember events from last month or last year. Of

course

it

follows

that

if

you

can’t

remember

an

incident

as

a

child,

you

probably

won’t

remember

it

as

an

adult.

OK.

So

…

why

is

this?

What

are

the

reasons

for

childhood amnesia?

Well, once a popular explanation was that childhood memories are repressed... uh, the

memories are

_______

so that as adults we keep them buried. And so we can’t recall

them and this is based on…well it’s not based on, on, on… the kind of solid research

and

_______

I

want

to

talk

about

today.

So

let’s

put

that

explanation

aside

and

concentrate on just two. OK?

It could be that as children we do form memories of things prior to age of 3, but forget

them

as

we

grow

older.

That’s

one

explanation.

Another

possibility

is

that

children

younger

than

3

_______

some

cognitive

capacity

for

memory.

And

that

idea,

that

children are unable to form memories, that’s been the dominant belief in psychology

for the past 100 years.

And

this

idea

is

very

much

tied

two

things,

the

theories

of

Jean

Piaget

and

also

to

language

development

in

children.

So

Piaget’

s

theory

of

cognitive

development

–

Piaget suggested that because they don’t have language, children

_______ than 18-24

months

leave

in

the

here

and

now.

That

is,

they

lack

the

means

to

symbolically

represent

objects,

and

events

that

are

not

physically

present.

Everybody

get

that?

Piaget proposed that young children don’t have a way to

_______

things that aren’t

right

in

front

of

them.

That’s

what

language

does,

right?

Words

represent

things,

ideas.

Once language starts to develop from about age 2, they do have a system for symbolic

representation and can talk about things which are not in their immediate environment

including

the

past.

Of

course

he

didn’t

_______

that

infants

don’t

have

any

sort

of

memory, it is acknowledged that they can recognize some stimuli, like faces. And for

many years this model was very much in favor in psychology, even though memory

tests were never performed on young children.

Well, finally in the 1980s, a study was done. And this study showed that very young

children under the age of 2 do have the ______________

. Now if the children can’t