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英语句子的成分共九类，其中最主要的句子成分包括：主、谓、宾、表、定、状、补语和同
位语。
1.
主语
(Subject)
是句子的核心，是人或事。
a) <
/p>
位置：通常位于句子的开头或位于谓语动词前，表明动作的主体。
b)
可以作主语的成分包括：
名词、
代词、
数词、
主语从句
(what/that/ how/ whether
从句等
< br>)
、
现在分词
(-ing)
和动词不定式
(to
do)
、
the +
adj.
结构。
c) Study
the following examples and underline the subject
in each sentence.
Eg1. An earthquake
has claimed hundreds of lives.
Eg2.
Whether the football game will be played depends
on the weather.
Eg3. The ignorant can
be fearless.
2.
谓语
(Predicate)
用来描述主语的动作、状态或特征。
a)
位置：通常紧接着主语。
b)
可以作谓语的成分包括：动词、情态动词
+
动词。
c) Study
the following examples and underline the predicate
in each sentence.
Eg1. Life is full of
ups and downs.
Eg2. You cannot control
your life, but you can control your attitude
towards life.
Eg3:
In
this
day
and
age,
an
increasing
number
of
people
agree
that
gambling
(
赌博
)
is
an
unwholesome
hobby.
3.
宾语
(Object)
用来表示动作或行为的对象。
a)
位置：位于及物动词或介词后面。
b)
可以作宾语的成分包括：名词、
代词、
数词、
复合结构
(
双宾语等
)
、从句
(wha
t/that/ how/
whether
从句等
)
、现在分词、动词不定式。
c) Study the following examples and
underline the object in each sentence.
Eg1. Junk food impairs
people
’
s health.
Eg2. Change what you can bear, while
bear what you cannot change.
Eg3.
Studies reveal
that
there
is
a
definite
link
between
obesity
(
肥胖症
)
and
serious
diseases
such as heart
attacks.
4.
表语
(Predicative)
a)
位置：位于
be
动词或系动词
(
如：
look, seem,
详见《讲义》
P8)
b)
可以作表语的成分包括：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过
去分词、动词不定式或从句
(what/that/ how/ whet
her
从句等
)
。
c) Study the following examples and
underline the predicative in each sentence.
Eg1. Life is a stage.
Eg2.
I feel under the weather today.
Eg3.
What
we
should
do
is
to
teach
children
how
to
distinguish
good
from
bad
(right
from
wrong).
5.
定语
(Attribute)
用来修饰名词或名词性词组。
a)
位置：通常位于名词或名词性词组之前，有时也可放在之后
(I
want something to eat)
。
b)
可以作定语的成分包括：形容词
(
最常用
)
、代词、数词、名词、名词
所有格、介词短语、
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