-
高考英语阅读系列（
9
）
A
Ida Tarbell
was one of the first investigative reporters. She
and other journalists wrote
about the
political, economic, and social wrongs in the
early 1900's. President Theodore
Roosevelt gave these writers the name
mark of honor, for she thoroughly
researched her subjects and carefully documented
her
findings.
After graduating from Allegheny
College, Ida Tarbell became head of a private
school,
where
she
also
taught
eight
subjects.
When
her
contract
expired,
she
began
writing
magazine and newspaper articles and
books. She wrote biographies of Manon Roland (a
leader of the French Revolution),
Napoleon Bonaparte, and Abraham Lincoln. Her most
famous work, however, was The History
of the Standard Oil Company, an expose of the
corrupt business practices of the oil
industry.
When
she
began
investigating
the
Standard
Oil
Company,
she
expected
that
her
findings
would
fill
about
three
articles.
The
first
installment
appeared
in
McClure's
Magazine
in
November
1902.
By
the
time
she
had
finished
her
investigation,
she
had
written
eighteen
installments,
the
last
of
which
appeared in
October
1904.
The
articles
were later combined
into a two-volume book of 554 pages. Her research
was thorough
and
her
information
accurate.
She
exposed
the
company's
power
and
the
corrupt
practices it followed to achieve that
power. Because of her findings, the movement to
end
the
powerful monopolies
was
greatly
strengthened.
In
1911,
the
Supreme
Court
of
the
United States won its
case to break the Standard Oil Company monopoly.
1.
Judging
from
the
context,
the
original
meaning
of
the
term
in
the
first
paragraph is _____.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Key
；
B
。文章第一段中
“muckraker”
一词系由
muck
（
dirty thing,
污秽）与
raker
（搜
索者）组合而成，根据构词法和上下文推断，无疑四项最贴切该词词意。<
/p>
2. _____ is NOT
mentioned or implied in the passage.
A) Ida Tarbell's education and works
B)
Ida Tarbell's family life
C) Ida Tarbell's investigation of a big
oil company
D) Ida Tarbell's teaching
experience
Key<
/p>
：
B
。
A
）
、
D
）两项内容在第二段中有所提及；
C
）项内容在第
三段中提到；文中
只字未涉及其
family
life
。
3. In the second paragraph,
A)
B)
C)
D)
K
ey
：
D
。
“
contract”
原为
“
契约
”
、
“
合同
”
之意，在文中原指她与
“a private
school”
所签的
出任该校校长的供职合同；
“eXpire”
意为
“
期
满
”
、
“
终止
”
。故第三段中
一语即为
D
）项内容。
4. When
Ida
Tarbell finished
her
investigation into
the
Standard
Oil
Company,
she
had
written 18 installments, which were
_____.
A) more than she had
expected
B) exactly what she had expected
C) put together into three
articles
D) later
combined into several books
Key
：
A
。第三段第一行
“she expected…would
fill about three articles”
，而结果一发而
不可收，她先后共写了
18
篇连载报道。
5.
It
can
be
inferred
from
the
passage
that
it
was
due
to
_____
that
led
to
the
final
breakdown of the Standard Oil Company
monopoly.
A) the Supreme
Court of the United States
B) the movement to end the powerful
monopolies
C) Ida Tarbell's
thorough investigation
D) an economic
crisis
Key
：
C
。见最后一段中
一句。
B
The field of medicine has
always attracted its share of quacks and
charlatans
—
that
is, disreputable women and men with
little or no medical knowledge who promise quick
cures at cheap prices. The reasons why
quackery thrives even in modern times are not
hard to find.
To
begin with,pain seems to be a chronic human
condition. A person whose body or
mind
the best medical treatment can not cure
all the ills that beset men and women. People
who
mistrust
or
dislike
the
truths
that
their
physicians
tell
them
often
turn
to
more
sympathetic ears.
Many people lack the training necessary
to evaluate medical claims. Given the choice
between
(a)
a
reputable
physician
who
says
a
cure
for
cancer
will
be
long,
difficult,
expensive, and
may not work at all, and (b)a salesperson who says
that five bottles of a
secret formula
some individuals will opt for the
bottle of snake oil.
Many
who drinks them may get so drunk that
they drown their pains in the rising tide of
pleasant
intoxication. Little wonder
that
But
let
there
be
no
misunderstandings.
A
very
few
remedies
actually
work.
However, most remedies
sold by quacks are not only useless, but often can
be harmful to
the user as well.
6.
All
of
the
following
are
reasons
why
quacks
continue
to
do
business
EXCEPT
that
_____.
A) people
are often willing to pay any amount of money for
the promise of relief
B)
many people are not in a position to evaluate
medical claims and diagnoses
C) many
actually work
D)
quacks, apparently sympathetic, can easily coax
patients into believing that they
can
help
them recover
Key
：
C
。项显然与文中最后一句
“most
remedies…often can be harmful to the user
．
”
的内容相悖。
7. According to the
passage, the author would probably agree that
_____.
A) sometimes people
do get some help from charlatans
B) doctors should not lie to their
patients
C) quacks and
charlatans are motivated by the desire to help
mankind
D) only poorly
educated people seek quacks'advice
Key
：
B
。作者在文中说，
< br>（第一段）
，
re
not only
cancer
，
but tubeculosis”
（第三段）
，而
“a reputable ph
ysician”
往往告诉病人实情
（第一、二段）
。从文章作者褒贬分明的态度中，自然能得出
B
）
项的结论。
8. The phrase
A)
B)
C)
D)
Key
：
A
。根据上下文，可推断出
“opt
for”
为
“choose”
之意。<
/p>
9. According to
the author, which of the following is true?
A) Most home remedies are
effective.
B)
C)
D)
Key
：
B
。
见原文第四段中第一至第三句。
10. Using context clues, we may infer
that the word
being
A) poisoned
B) unconscious
C) asleep
D)
drunk
Key
：
D
。根据第四段第二行
“…
may
get
so
drunk…”
和第一行
“…
highly
laced
with
alcohol…”
，可推断出
“in
toxication”
是
“being
drunk”
之意。