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A
Brief
Stylistic
Analysis
of
“
Stay
Hungry,
Stay
Foolish
”
Delivered by Steve Jobs
Steve Jobs
was born
in
San Francisco,
California on February
24,
1955,
he
was
an
American
entrepreneur,
marketer,
and
inventor,
who
was
the
co-founder,
chairman,
and
CEO
of
Apple
Inc.
The
speech
was
delivered
on
12
th
in
June
,2005,
in
the
Stanford
University. When faced with thousands
of audiences, Jobs shared 3 stories he
experienced
as
well
as
his
viewpoint
about
life.
The
stories
were
about
connecting
the
dots
、
love and loss, as well
as death. In this speech, Jobs applied many
stylistic features that rare in other
general public speeches. Therefore, it
deserves
our
exploration
to
exhibit
what
the
stylistic
characteristics.
The
examination
will
be
carried
out
in
five
perspectives,
phonological,
graphological,
lexical,
syntactical and semantic analyses.
Phonological Features
The speech is delivered in an
university and the audiences are mainly from
young
groups,
when
faced
these
young
men,
Jobs
expressed
himself
calmly
and
convectively,
he
used
pause
and
stress
in
different
tone
appropriately
to
demonstrate why he was
reputable.
. We worked hard,
and in 10 years Apple had …released our finest
creation
- the Macintosh - a year
earlier
So
at
30
I
was
out.
And
very
publicly
out.
What
had
been
the
focus
of
my
entire
adult
life was gone, and it was devastating.
When
Jobs
mentioned
to
his
successful
experience
in
Apple,
he
used
a
relative
high voice, and the rhythm is relieved
and relaxed, which was full of pride. But
when came on his failure in company,
his voice became lower and more calm with
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clear pause, the pause signals the end
of a thought unitIn the sentences, Jobs
It showed that after going through
success to failure, his mentality had changed
and he became more mature, it affected
audiences deeper than in a flat tone.
Again
, you can't connect the
dots looking forward…This approach has never
let me down, and it has made all the
difference in my life.
Remembering
that
you
are
going
to
die
is
the
best
way
I
know
to
avoid
the
trap
of thinking you have something to lose.
You are already naked. There is no reason
not to follow your heart
Your
time
is
limited,
so
don't
waste
it
living
someone
else's
life...
already
know what you truly
want to become. Everything else is
secondary.
This speech has
lots of philosophy, Jobs tried his best to
persuade his
audiences to receive his
views, so he stressed his tone when told these
words on
purpose, especially at the
beginning words of the sentences, such as “again”
“remembering”,
as
well
as
in
transitional
words
such
as “don’t”.
The
stress
enhanced
tone
and
expressed what he really want to say.
Graphological Features
Punctuation is an important part in
sentences. In this speech, it uses lots
of punctuations,
comma
、
period are prevailing
ones, because the speech has most
of
short
sentences.
According
to
statistics,
the
speech
concludes
139
periods
and
101 commas. In usage, comma is used for
pause to provided more messages and make
it
easy
to
be
understood
in
speech,
while
comma
is
used
for
stating
points
to
make
tone objectively.
In addition, capital is also an aspect
of graphological features. Generally,
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capital is mainly used in the first
letter of the first word in a sentence. In
this
speech,
Jobs
used
capital
letters
such
as
Sunday,
David
Pack,
NeXT,
Macintosh,
Hare
Krishna,
etc.
It
is
indicated
that
except
initial
(such
as
It),
names
of
people
and
places(such
as
David
Pack
and
Hare
Krishna
),as
well
as
some
proper
nouns
(such
as
Macintosh
）
need capital.
Besides, some stress words also need capital (such
as Stay Hungry. Stay
Foolish)
Lexical
Features
Lexical is the stem
of a speech. In this speech, Jobs chosen most of
easy-understanding words, for most of
his audiences were young man. In the whole
speech,
Jobs
encouraged
his
audiences
to
insist
their
belief
when
chose
their
jobs
through 3 daily life stories, therefore
his lexical are clear and concise, which
mainly formed by simple
words:
And 17 years later I
did go to college. But I naively chose a college
that
was almost as expensive as
Stanford…I
had no idea what I wanted to
do with my
life and no idea how college
was going to help me figure it out. …The
minut
e I
dropped out I could
stop taking the required classes that didn't
interest me, and
begin dropping in on
the ones that looked interesting
There are many words in single or
double syllable, such as
go
、
chose
、
want
、
idea
、
figure<
/p>
、
lucky
、
stay
，
etc,
it
makes
the
speech
easy
to
understanding,
at
the
same time, it seems more
interesting when Jobs shared his
experiences.
Syntactical
Features
In this speech,
Jobs used most of short sentences. According to
this speech,
there is more than
50 percent
sentences
include less
than 15 words.
The advantage
of short
sentences is easy to understand.
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It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a
dorm room, so I slept on the floor
in
friends' rooms,
It was the
first computer with beautiful typography. If I had
never dropped
in
on
that
single
course
in
college,
the
Mac
would
have
never
had
multiple
typefaces
or
proportionally
spaced
fonts.
And
since
Windows
just
copied the
Mac,
its
likely
that
no personal computer would have them
This short sentences makes people has
cordial feeling, just like communicate
with friends, besides, short sentence
make people more convince.
On the other hand, speakers often use
simple present tense in delivering,
however,
in
order
to
encourage
audiences
to
do
something
meaningful,
speakers
also
use
past tense to review their experiences, or use
future tense to look forward
to
tomorrow. In this speech, Jobs used as much past
tense and past perfect tense
as
possible,
for
he
was
mainly
recalled
his
experience
to
encourage
people
to
insist
and
brave.
And
much
of
what
I
stumbled
into
by
following
my
curiosity
and
intuition
turned
out to be priceless later on.
None of this had even a
hope of any practical application in my life. But
ten
years
later,
when
we
were
designing
the
first
Macintosh
computer,
it
all
came
back
to
me.
didn't have a dorm room,
so I slept on the floor in friends'
rooms
Semantic
Features
The speech is
organized as an organic whole and it is delivered
affectively
through
diverse
rhetorical
devices.
In
this
speech
,we
are
easy
to
follow
speaker’s mind, Jobs divided his speech
into 3 parts, they are connecting the
dots
、
love and
loss, as well as death respectively. From this
three part, Jobs
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used adopted a variety of rhetorical
devices to enhance his expressiveness, such
as parallelism:
Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.
Parallelism
makes
sentences
structure
tidy
and
enhance
speaker’s
infection
.
Metaphor and
simile are also appeared in the speech.
And that is as true for your work as it
is for your lovers.
This is
a simile, Jobs compare work to your
lovers.
Sometimes life hits
you in the head with a brick.
This is a metaphor, it is compared the
difficulties you entered in daily to
the brick which hit your
head.
In conclusion, the
analysis above roughly touches some observable
stylistic
features of this
speech. Jobs is
a
great speaker,
this article
analyze
his
speech
through
five
perspectives,
phonological,
graphological,
lexical,
syntactical
and
semantic
features.
We
could
find
that
his
speech
is
full
of
philosophy
and
we
always
benefit from his
words. The analysis may help us to learn from him
in delivering
speech.
（后附演讲稿）
Stay Hungry, Stay
Foolish
By Steve
Jobs
‘You’ve got to find
what you love,’ Jobs says
This is the text of the Commencement
address by Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple
Computer and of Pixar Animation
Studios, delivered on June 12, 2005.
I am honored to be with you today at
your commencement from one of the finest
universities in the world. I never
graduated from college. Truth be told, this
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is the closest I’ve ever gotten to a
college graduation. Today I want to tell
you three stories from my life. That’s
it. No big deal. Just three stories.
The first story is about connecting the
dots.
I
dropped
out
of
Reed
College
after
the
first
6
months,
but
then
stayed
around
as a drop-in for
another 18 months or so before I really quit. So
why did I drop
out
It started
before I
was
born. My
biological mother was
a
young, unwed
college
graduate
student,
and
she
decided
to
put
me
up
for
adoption.
She
felt
very
strongly
that I should be
adopted by college graduates, so everything was
all set for me
to be adopted at birth
by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I
popped out
they decided at the last
minute that they really wanted a girl. So my
parents,
who were on a waiting list,
got a call in the middle of the night asking: “We
have an unexpected baby boy; do you
want him” They said: “Of course.” My
biological
mother
later
found
out
that
my
mother
had
never
graduated
from
college
and that my father
had never graduated from high school. She refused
to sign the
final
adoption
papers.
She
only
relented
a
few
months
later
when
my
parents
promised
that I would
someday go to college.
And
17 years later I did go to college. But I naively
chose a college that
was
almost
as
expensive
as
Stanford,
and
all
of
my
working-
class
parents’
savings
were
being
spent
on
my
college
tuition.
After
six
months,
I
couldn’t
see
the
value
in it. I had no idea
what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how
college was
going
to
help
me
figure
it
out.
And
here
I
was
spending
all
of
the
money
my
parents
had saved their
entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust
that it would all
work out OK. It was
pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was
one of the
best
decisions
I
ever
made.
The
minute
I
dropped
out
I
could
stop
taking
the
required
classes that didn’t interest me, and
begin dropping in on the ones that looked
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