2018英语专四真题 (1)

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2018

PART III LANGUAGE USAGE

There

are

twenty

sentences

in

this

section.

Beneath

each

sentence

there

are

four

options

marked

A,

B,

C

and

D. Choose

the

one

that

best

completes

the

sentence

or

answers

the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.

11.

The

Bent

Pyramid

outside

Cairo

__________

ancient

Egypt

’

s

first

attempt

to

build

a smooth-sided pyramid.

A. has been believed to have been

B. was believed to be

C. is believed to have been

D. is believed to be

12.

.

News

____________

rankings

of

colleges

since

1983.

They

are

a

very

popular

resource

for students looking to apply to university campus.

A. maintains

B. is maintaining

C. maintained

D. has been maintaining

13. He was lured into a crime he would not ____________have committed.

A. actually

B. accidentally

C. otherwise

D. seldom

14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of

_____________ mountains behind the apple orchard.

A. blue hazy Virginia

B. hazy blue Virginia

C. Virginia hazy blue

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D. Virginia blue hazy

15. I long to alleviate __________, but I cannot.

A. the evil

B. evil

C. evils

D. an evil

16.

Indeed,

it

is

arguable

that

body

shattering

is

the

very

point

of

football,

as

killing

and maiming ______________.

A. war

B. are war

C. of war

D. are of war

17.

At

____________,

photography

is

a

chemical

process,

during

which

a

light-sensitive

material is altered when exposed to light.

A. its most basic

B. its basic

C. the most basic

D. the basic

18.

She

hired

a

lawyer

to

investigate,

only

to

learn

that

Gabriel

had

removed

her

name

from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase

“

only to learn

”

is used __________.

A. to express an intended purpose

B. to indicate a high degree of possibility

C. to reveal an undesirable consequence

D. to dramatize a stated fact

19. Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning

A. I wonder what

’

s

behind

this change of plan.

B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing

behind

him.

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C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I

’

m getting terribly

behind

.

D. I suppose I

’

m lucky because my parents were

behind

me all the way.

20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she

would have been

immensely

proud

of

what

has

been

achieved

these

last

20

years.

The

italicized

part

in

the

sentence

expresses _______.

A. a hypothesis

B. a suggestion

C. a contradiction

D. a surprise

21. When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to

___________, their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.

A. justice

B. testimony

C. trial

D. verdict

, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been strongly

criticized for his crude comments about women.

A. Questionably

B. Arguably

C. Contentiously

D. Debatably

23. Prices have recently risen in order to __________ the increased cost of raw

materials.

A. cut

B. buoy

C. offer

D. offset

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24.

The

celebrity

says

in

court

papers

she

“

has

no

__________

of

giving

any

authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce.

”

A. recommendation

B. recording

C. recollection

D. recognition

actually

__________

a

good

angle

—

or

a

good

selfie

overall

—

is

rooted

in

what

we

consider beautiful.

A. consists

B. constitutes

C. composes

D. constructs

26. The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sporting

stars thanks to its unique development program.

A. final

B. further

C. supplementary

D. extra

27.

The

teachers

’

union

_________

a

lawsuit

against

the

district

calling

for

repairing

“

deplor able

”

school conditions.

A. fired

B. filed

C. fined

D. filled

28. Last March the __________ of a 19

century cargo ship was found by an underwater

archaeological team.

A. debris

B. ruins

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C. remains

D. wreck

29.

She

’

s

worn

his

designs

on

__________

occasions

from

red

carpets

to

movie

premieres.

A. countless

B. countable

C. numerical

D. numeral

30.

A

leading

___________

intelligence

and

operations

company

has

released

its

analysis

of worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.

A. oceangoing

B. oceanic

C. marine

D. maritime

PART IV CLOZE

Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage

if

inserted

in

the

corresponding

blank.

The

words

can

be

used

ONCE

ONLY.

Mark

the

letter

for each word on ANSWER SHEET.

A. accompanies B. automatically C. couple D. goes E. indebtedness

F. kind G. manner H. mercifully I. one J. obey

K. renowned L. subscribe M. unknown N. virtue O. widespread

A Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment.

He

sent

Christmas

cards

to

a

sample

of

perfect

strangers.

Although

he

expected

some

reaction,

the

response

he

received

was

amazing

—

holiday

cards

addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had never met nor

heard

of

him.

The

great

majority

of

those

who

returned

a

card

never

inquired

into

the

identity

of

the

unknown

professor.

They

received

his

holiday

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greeting card, and they automatically sent one in return. This study shows

the action of one of the most powerful of the weapons of influence around

us

—

the rule for reciprocation. The rule says that we should try to repay,

in kind, what another person has provided us. If a woman does us a favor,

we should do her one in return; if a man sends us a birthday present, we

should remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if a couple invites

us to a party, we should be sure to invite them to one of ours. By virtue

of the reciprocity rule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment of

favors,

gifts,

invitations,

and

the

like.

So

typical

is

it

for

indebtedness

to accompany the receipt of such things that a term like “much obliged”

has become a synonym for “thank you,” not only in the English language

but in others as well.

The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense of

obligation that goes with it is its pervasiveness in human culture. It is

so

widespread

that

after

intensive

study,

sociologists

such

as

Alvin

Goldener can report that there is no human society that does not subscribe

to the rule.

PART V READING COMPREHENSION

SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

In

this

section

there

are

three

passages

followed

by

ten

multiple

choice

questions.

For

each

multiple

choice

question,

there

are

four

suggested

answers

marked

A,

B,

C

and

D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER

SHEET TWO.

PASSAGE ONE

（

1

）

The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish

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colonies that were free from the controls that existed in European societies. They

wanted to escape the controls

placed on

their lives by

kings and governments,

priests

and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made by those first

settlers

have

had

a

profound

effect

on

the

shaping

of

the

American

character.

By

limiting

the

power

of

the

government

and

the

churches

and

eliminating

a

formal

aristocracy,

they

created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individual

freedom is probably the most basic of all the American values. By freedom, Americans

mean

the

desire

and

the

ability

of

all

individuals

to

control

their

own

destiny

without

outside

interference

from

the

government,

a

ruling

noble

class,

the

church,

or

any

other

organized authority.

(2)

There

is,

however,

a

price

to

be

paid

for

this

individual

freedom:

self-reliance. It means that Americans believe they should stand on their own feet,

achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early as

possible, usually by age 18 or 21.

(3)

A

second

important

reason

why

immigrants

have

traditionally

been

drawn

to

the

United

States

is

the

belief

that

everyone

has

a

equal

chance

to

enter

a

race

and

succeed

in the

game. Because titles of

nobility

were forbidden in the Constitution, no

formal

class system developed in the .

(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity:

competition.

If much

of

life

is seen as

race, then a

person must run the race in order

to

succeed;

a

person

must

compete

with

others.

The

pressures

of

competition

in

the

life

of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact,

any

group

of

people

who

does

not

compete

successfully

does

not

fit

into

the

mainstream

of American life as well as those who do.

(5) A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States

is

to

have

a

better

life.

Because

of

its

abundant

natural

resources,

the

United

States

appeared to be a

“

land of plenty where millions could come to seek their fortunes.

The phrase

“

going from rags to riches

”

became a slogan for the American dream. Many

people did achieve material success. Material wealth became a value to the American

people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.

(6) Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard

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