-
了解并运用共管账户
一、共管账户的概念
共管账户
(
Escrow Accou
nt
)
是指一个用于存放一定资金及收益,
以妥善安全保管的方式,
来对抗随时可能发生的不履行合同义务等行
为的一个账户。
简单的说,
共管账户可以被人性化的视
为一个独立于
基础合同的第三方。
它的设立可以保证有关合同的
缔约方对该合同中
相关权利义务的履行。
而共管账户的具体形式
可以依据相关协议
(如
共管协议)来决定,例如账户是否接受支
票支付等等。
作为风险管理的常用手段,“共管账户”已经被
广泛应用于融资
担保等领域。
特别在国外,
共管账户不仅在大型融资及担保项目的风
险控制中起到积极的作用,
也被广泛的应用于与公民日常生活息息相
关的其他领域,例如个人保险及房屋借
贷。
二、共管账户相关背景知识介绍
1<
/p>
、
为何要开设共管账户
共管账户为什么能够广泛的应用于融资担保等领域,它所依仗的
是什么呢?它有
什么优势呢?
首先,共管账户有一定的独立性,因此安全性更强。
其次,共管账户有利于控制帐内资金的流出。因为共管账户内的
资金支取
会根据共管协议的相关条款而有所限制,
所以帐内资金并不
能随
意的被转移。
最后,共管账户的开设有利于对帐内资金更好的
监控。因为根据
共管协议,
帐内资金的每次变动,
开户人都能收到银行或另一开户人
的通知,所以共管帐可以帮助降低监控成本
及风险。
2
、
如何开设共管账户?
目前,
p>
我国银行对于共有账户的申请及审批程序跟境外银行所采
的程序大体
一致。
开设共管账户的申请人可以为法人或自然人,而账户的
最终开设
需要满足以下的条件:
a
.
签
订共管协议,并提交开户行审批。
b
.提交开户申请表以及根据开户行的要求提交其他相关文件。
开设共管账户时,除了上述的相关协议及资料需要备齐外,还
需
要小心区分托管账户与共管账户。
那些认为托管账户跟共管账
户是可
以相互替换的想法是错误的。具体来说,在托管关系(
T
rust and
Retention Arrangement
)中,银行是被指定为托管人(
Trustee
)。而
p>
在共管关系
(
Escrow Arrang
ement
)
中,
银行仅仅处于代理人
(
Agent
)
的地位。
3
、
关于共管协议(
Escrow
Agreement
)
共管协议
p>
是关于,将一定数量的资金或有价证券存入特定共管账
户,
并以此账户的帐内资金来偿还及支付相关的款项
(如未清还款项)
的协议。共管协议通常表现为一个三方协议,这三方分别银行,存款
人
及受益人
(当协议条件满足时,
一定额度的资金将由共管账户转
给
收益人)。一般来说,共管协议都会详细列明一些的时间表,如存款
< br>人需在约定时间前将资金注入共管账户,
及收益人在约定期间内提供
材料以便从该账户中支取款项等等。
在一些共管关
系的实际操作中,
银行的职责可以简单的归纳为:
1
、
开立共管账户并将存款人提供的资金注入该账户;
2
、当协议中约定
的放款条件得到满足时,向收益人放款;<
/p>
3
、当收益人没有履行或违
反了相关协议
条款,将帐内资金反还给存款人。
在大型项目融资的操作中,
共管协议具体内容则相对烦细。例如
在
BOT
< br>项目中,
由于共管账户起着十分重要的保证作用,
共管协
议的
签订也尤显重要。
ESCROW AGREEMENT
This Escrow
Agre
ement (the “Agreement”) made and
executed this _____ day of
____________
2015 , at , by and between, and among:
XXXXXXXXXXXX,
corporation
organized
and
existing
under
the
laws of
, hereinafter referred to as the
“CONTRACTOR”
;
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX , a company
incorporate under the
laws
of
XXXXXXXXwith
its
legal
address
at:
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX,
hereinfafter
referred to as the
“PURCHASER”
Hereinafter collectively called the
“Contracting Parties”;
- and -
BANK OF XXXXX,
com
mercial banking
corporation duly organized
and existing
under and by virtue of the laws of XXXXX and
authorized
to
perform
trust
and
other
fiduciary
businesses
and
functions
under
such
laws,
with
principal
office
atxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx,
represented
herewith
by
its
Title
,
Name
,
hereinafter
referred
to
as
the
“BANK”
and/or
“ESCROW
AGENT”
;
WITNESSETH:
That
–
WHEREAS
,
the
Contracting
Parties
entered
into
a
Contract
for
Supplying
XXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX, 2015.
(hereinafter
called “
the
Contract
”);
WHEREAS
,
pursuant
to
the
said
Contract,
the
parties
agree
to
maintain
an
ESCROW
ACCOUNT
with
a
reputable
bank
in
the
XXXXX
which
account
the
installment payments for the contract
price shall be deposited by the PURCHASER
for remittance to the CONTRACTOR by the
ESCROW AGENT in accordance with the
schedule and manner provided herein
below;
WHEREAS
, the Contracting
Parties have appointed
BANK OF
XXXXXXXX
as the
ESCROW AGENT
to open and maintain the ESCROW ACCOUNT required
under the
Contract, which appointment
was accepted by the ESCROW AGENT under the terms
and conditions set forth below;
NOW, THEREFORE, for and in
consideration of the foregoing premises and of
the mutual covenants and stipulations
herein contained, the Parties have agreed as
follows:
Section
1.
Appointment
of
Escrow
Agent
.
–
The
Contracting
Parties
hereby
appoint
the
BANK
as
the
ESCROW
AGENT,
and
the
BANK
hereby
accepts
its
appointment, with the
duties and responsibilities stipulated hereunder.
Section 2.
Beneficiaries and
Purpose of the Account.
–
The Escrow Account
opened and maintained pursuant to this
Agreement shall be used for the purpose of
holding all installment payments to be
made by the PURCHASER required under the
Contract,
which
shall
subsequently
be
remitted
to
a
designated
account
of
the
CONTRACTOR in the manner and in
accordance with the schedule provided herein
below.
Section 3.
Establishment of
Escrow Accounts
–
Two escrow accounts shall be
opened
with the BANK, one escrow account (hereafter refer
to as the Operational
Escrow Account)
is for collecting the operational cash flow from
the
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXabove
mentioned, another standby escrow account
(hereafter refer to as the Standby
Escrow Account) shall be maintained at the